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2023-05-09 Regular Council Meeting Agenda and Reports.pdf
Document: 3375344 City of Maple Ridge Regular Council Meeting Minutes April 25, 2023 The Minutes of the Regular Council Meeting held virtually and hosted in Council Chambers on April 25, 2023, at 7:00 pm at City Hall, 11995 Haney Place, Maple Ridge, BC for the purpose of transacting regular City business. PRESENT Elected Officials Mayor D. Ruimy Councillor K. Carreras Councillor O. Dozie Councillor J. Dueck Councillor S. Schiller Councillor J. Tan Councillor A. Yousef ABSENT Appointed Staff S. Hartman, Chief Administrative Officer C. Carter, General Manager Planning and Development Services C. Crabtree, General Manager Corporate Services P. Hlavac-Winsor, General Counsel and Executive Director, Legal and Legislative Services/Acting Corporate Officer S. Labonne, General Manager, Parks, Recreation, and Culture A. Nurvo, Deputy Corporate Officer D. Pollock, General Manager, Engineering Services Other staff as required M. Adams, Director of Bylaw, Licensing and Community Safety C. Goddard, Director of Planning Z. Lifshiz, Director of Strategic Development, Communications, and Community Engagement C. Howes, Clerk 3 M. McMullen, Manager of Development and Environmental Services E. Murphy, Clerk 3 D. Olivieri, Manager of Corporate Planning and Consultation F. Smith, Director of Engineering T. Thompson, Director of Finance T. Westover, Director of Economic Development Note: These Minutes and a video of the meeting are posted on the City’s Web Site at https://mapleridge.primegov.com/public/portal 1. CALL TO ORDER – 7:00 pm 1.1 Territory Acknowledgement The Mayor provided the land acknowledgment. 2. AMENDMENTS TO THE AGENDA 2.1 Amendments to the Agenda R/2023-CM-065 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED THAT the agenda for the April 25, 2023, Regular Council meeting be amended to add a Notice of Motion as item 15.1. Regular Council Meeting Minutes April 25, 2023 Page 2 of 8 Document:3375344 3. APPROVAL OF AGENDA 3.1 Approval of the Agenda R/2023-CM-066 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED THAT the agenda for the April 25, 2023, Regular Council meeting be approved as amended. 4. ADOPTION OF MINUTES 4.1 Minutes R/2023-CM-067 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED THAT the minutes of the following Council meetings be adopted as circulated: Regular Council – March 28, 2023 Special Council (to Close) – March 28, 2023 Special Council (to Close) – April 18, 2023 Report of Public Hearing – April 18, 2023 5. PRESENTATIONS AT THE REQUEST OF COUNCIL 6. DELEGATIONS 6.1 New Westminster & District Labour Council – Day of Mourning Presentation by Barbara Owens and Mike Mankwald on Day of Mourning 2023 theme; Know your rights; Use the tools; Defend our wins, along with up-to-date information on workers’ health & safety issues, WorkSafeBC regulatory reviews and/or changes that have impacted BC’s workplace accident and fatality rates. 6.2 Ridge Meadows Cricket Association Presentation by Dr. Deepu George to discuss long term partnership with the City of Maple Ridge/Parks & Recreation, Selvey Park allotment, and a possible second cricket ground. 6.3 Brian Pusic To discuss concerns regarding the connection of 239 Street to Kanaka Way and the obstruction this will cause. 7. CONSENT AGENDA R/2023-CM-068 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED THAT the items contained in the April 25, 2023, Regular Council Consent Agenda, with the exception of item 7.5, be received into the record. 7.1 Development Agreements Committee Minutes March 29, 2023 April 5, 2023 Regular Council Meeting Minutes April 25, 2023 Page 3 of 8 Document:3375344 7.2 2023 Council Expenses Staff report dated April 25, 2023, listing Council expenses recorded to March 31, 2023. 7.3 Disbursements for the month ended March 31, 2023 Staff report dated April 25, 2023, providing information on disbursements for the month ended March 31, 2023. 7.4 Festival Grant Program Allocations – Intake One 2023 Staff report dated April 25, 2023, outlining funding allocation for festivals for Intake One of 2023. 7.6 Petition – Completion and Connection of a Road from Harris Drive to 239 Street Staff report dated April 25, 2023, providing background on Council policy 3.13 petition to Council and the submitted petition. R/2023-CM-069 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED THAT the following item contained in the April 25, 2023, Regular Council Consent Agenda be received into the record. 7.5 Petition – Building of 52 townhomes on 236th Street/Dewdney Trunk Road; 16 Townhomes on 23682 Dewdney Trunk Road Staff report dated April 25, 2023, providing background on Council policy 3.13 petition to Council and the submitted petition. 8. UNFINISHED BUSINESS – Nil 9. BYLAWS Note: Items 9.1 and 9.2 are from the Public Hearing of April 18, 2023 9.1 THIRD READING: 2020296RZ, 10420 and 10456 240 Street and 24027 104 Avenue, RS-2 to RM-1 The subject application is to permit the rezoning to allow a future construction of a 64 unit townhouse complex and dedicated conservation area. Official Community Plan Amending Bylaw No. 7916-2023 To redesignate the subject properties from Low/Medium Density Residential to Conservation. Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7683-2020 To rezone the subject property from RS2 (Single Detached Suburban Residential) to RM1 (Low Density Townhouse Residential). R/2023-CM-070 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED 1. THAT Official Community Plan Amending Bylaw No. 7916-2023 be given third reading; and 2. THAT Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7683-2020 be given third reading. Regular Council Meeting Minutes April 25, 2023 Page 4 of 8 Document:3375344 9.2 THIRD READING: 2019-091-RZ, 21585 River Road, RS1 to RM1 The subject application is to permit the rezoning to allow the future construction of a 4 unit courtyard residential complex. Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7541-2019 To rezone the subject properties from RS1 (Single Detached Residential) to RT2 (Ground-Oriented Residential Infill). R/2023-CM-071 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED THAT Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7541-2019 be given third reading. With Councillor Schiller opposed 10. COMMITTEE REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 10.1 2022-439-RZ, 11235 243B Street, RS-2 to RS-1b Staff report dated April 18, 2023, recommending that Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7919- 2023, to rezone from RS-2 (Single Detached Suburban Residential) to RS-1b (Single Detached (Medium Density) Residential) using the Albion Density Bonus, to permit a future subdivision of approximately three R-1 (Single Detached Low Density Urban Residential) sized lots, be given first reading and that the applicant provide further information as outlined in the report. Note: Councillor Yousef left the meeting at 7:52 pm and returned at 7:54 pm and was absent during the vote on item 10.1. R/2023-CM-072 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED 1. That In respect of Section 475 of the Local Government Act, requirement for consultation during the development or amendment of an Official Community Plan, Council must consider whether consultation is required with specifically: i. The Board of the Regional District in which the area covered by the plan is located, in the case of a Municipal Official Community Plan; ii. The Board of any Regional District that is adjacent to the area covered by the plan; iii. The Council of any municipality that is adjacent to the area covered by the plan; iv. First Nations; v. Boards of Education, Greater Boards and Improvements District Boards; and vi. The Provincial and Federal Governments and their agencies. and in that regard it is recommended that no additional consultation be required in respect of this matter beyond the early posting of the proposed Official Community Plan amendments on the City's website, together with an Invitation to the public to comment; 2. That Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7919-2023 be given first reading; and further 3. That the applicant provide further information as described on Schedules A, B, and F of the Development Procedures Bylaw No. 5879-1999, along with the information required for a Subdivision application Regular Council Meeting Minutes April 25, 2023 Page 5 of 8 Document:3375344 10.2 2020-432-RZ, 12211 and 12229 228 Street, RS-1 to RM-1 Staff report dated April 18, 2023, recommending that Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7713-2021, to rezone from RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) to RM-1 (Low Density Townhouse Residential), to permit the future construction of 17 dwelling units, be given second reading and be forwarded to Public Hearing. R/2023-CM-073 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED 1. That Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7713-2021 be given second reading, and be forwarded to Public Hearing; and further 2. That the following terms and conditions be met prior to final reading: i. Registration of a Rezoning Servicing Agreement as a Restrictive Covenant and receipt of the deposit of a security, as outlined in the Agreement; ii. Road dedication on 228 Street as required; iii. Consolidation of the subject properties; iv. Registration of a Restrictive Covenant for protecting the Visitor Parking; v. Registration of a Restrictive Covenant for Stormwater Management; vi. Removal of existing building(s); vii. In addition to the Ministry of Environment Site Disclosure Statement, a disclosure statement must be submitted by a Professional Engineer advising whether there is any evidence of underground fuel storage tanks on the subject property. If so, a Stage 1 Site Investigation Report is required to ensure that the subject property is not a contaminated site. viii. That a voluntary contribution, in the amount of $69,700.00 ($4,100.00/unit), or such rate applicable at third reading of this application, be provided in keeping with the Council Policy 6.31 with regard to Community Amenity Contributions. 10.3 2021-530-RZ, 11410 207 Street, RS-1 to RT-2 Staff report dated April 18, 2023, recommending that Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7816- 2021, to rezone from RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) to RT-2 (Ground-Oriented Residential Infill), to permit the future construction of a fourplex, be given second reading and be forwarded to Public Hearing. R/2023-CM-074 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED 1. That Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7816-2021 be given second reading, and be forwarded to Public Hearing; 2. That the following terms and conditions be met prior to final reading: i. Registration of a Rezoning Servicing Agreement as a Restrictive Covenant and receipt of the deposit of a security, as outlined in the Agreement; ii. Road dedication on the lane and corner truncation as required; iii. Registration of a Restrictive Covenant for the Geotechnical Report, which addresses the suitability of the subject property for the proposed development; iv. Registration of a Restrictive Covenant for Stormwater Management; v. Registration of a Restrictive Covenant prohibiting secondary suites; vi. Removal of existing building; Regular Council Meeting Minutes April 25, 2023 Page 6 of 8 Document:3375344 vii. In addition to the Ministry of Environment Site Disclosure Statement, a disclosure statement must be submitted by a Professional Engineer advising whether there is any evidence of underground fuel storage tanks on the subject property. If so, a Stage 1 Site Investigation Report is required to ensure that the subject property Is not a contaminated site; and viii. That a voluntary contribution, in the amount of $22,800.00 ($5,700.00/unit), or such rate applicable at third reading of this application, be provided in keeping with the Council Policy 6.31 with regard to Community Amenity Contributions. 10.4 2023-031-VP, 22488 129 Avenue, Development Variance Permit Staff report dated April 18, 2023, recommending that the Corporate Officer be authorized to sign and seal the Development Variance Permit, to vary the rear yard and eastern interior side setbacks, for the subject property. The Corporate Officer advised that 12 pieces of correspondences were mailed out and no correspondence was received in response. R/2023-CM-075 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED That the Corporate Officer be authorized to sign and seal 2023-031-VP respecting property located at 22488 129 Avenue. 10.5 2023-2027 Financial Plan Bylaw Staff report dated April 18, 2023, recommending that the 2023-2027 Financial Plan Bylaw No. 7926-2023 be given first, second, and third readings. R/2023-CM-076 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED That the 2023-2027 Financial Plan Bylaw No. 7926-2023 be given first, second and third readings. 10.6 2023 Property Tax Rates Bylaw Staff report dated April 18, 2023, recommending that the 2023 Property Tax Rates Bylaw No. 7927-2023 be given first, second, and third readings. R/2023-CM-077 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED That 2023 Property Tax Rates Bylaw No. 7927-2023 be given first, second and third readings. 10.7 Albion and Maple Ridge Road Dyking Districts 2023 Tax Rates Bylaws Staff report dated April 18, 2023, recommending that Maple Ridge Albion Dyking District Tax Rates Bylaw No. 7923-2023 and Maple Ridge Road 13 Dyking District Tax Rates Bylaw No. 7924-2023, be given first, second, and third readings. Regular Council Meeting Minutes April 25, 2023 Page 7 of 8 Document:3375344 R/2023-CM-078 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED That Maple Ridge Albion Dyking District Tax Rates Bylaw No. 7923-2023 be given first, second, and third readings; and That Maple Ridge Road 13 Dyking District Tax Rates Bylaw No. 7924-2023 be given first, second and third readings 10.8 Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement Bylaw No. 7918-2023 and Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw No. 7917-2023 Staff report dated April 18, 2023, recommending that Inter Municipal TNS Business Bylaw No. 7623-2020 and Inter Municipal Licence Agreement Bylaw No. 7622-2020 be repealed in their entities and that Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement Bylaw No. 7918-2023 and Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw No. 7917- 2023 be given first, second and third readings. R/2023-CM-079 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED 1. That Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw No. 7623-2020 be repealed in Its entirety; 2. That Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement Bylaw No. 7622-2020 be repealed in its entirety; 3. That Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement Bylaw No. 7918-2023 be given first, second and third reading; and 4. That Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw No. 7917-2023 be given first, second and third reading. 11. STAFF REPORTS 11.1 E-Comm Board of Directors Designate – 2023-2024 Term Staff report dated April 25, 2023, recommending that the City of Maple Ridge nominate Dan Ruimy to serve as nominee of the Designated Group of Members in subsection 4.2.1.5 of the Members’ Agreement (Fourth Restatement) Amended as at July 1, 2021, to the Board of Directors of E-Comm Emergency Communications for British Columbia Inc. (the “Board”) for the 2023-2024 term, such Board to be elected by the E-Comm shareholders at the June 22, 2023, Annual General Meeting. R/2023-CM-080 Moved, seconded, and CARRIED That the City of Maple Ridge nominate Mayor Dan Ruimy to serve as nominee of the Designated Group of Members in subsection 4.2.1.5 of the Members’ Agreement (Fourth Restatement) Amended as at July 1, 2021, to the Board of Directors of E- Comm Emergency Communications for British Columbia Inc. (the “Board”) for the 2023-2024 term, such Board to be elected by the E-Comm shareholders at the June 22, 2023 Annual General Meeting. Regular Council Meeting Minutes April 25, 2023 Page 8 of 8 Document:3375344 12. OTHER MATTERS DEEMED EXPEDIENT – Nil 13. PUBLIC QUESTION PERIOD No members of the public provided any comments or questions to Council. 14. MAYOR AND COUNCILLORS’ REPORTS Mayor and Council reported on various events and activities. 15. NOTICES OF MOTION AND MATTERS FOR FUTURE MEETINGS Councillor Yousef read the following Notice of Motion, which will be added to the next Regular Council meeting agenda for consideration: “Considering the safety of our community, specifically families, youth, and children, and the rampant open drug use in municipal parks and public spaces; Be it resolved that the City of Maple Ridge enact a prohibition of illicit drug use in all city parks and outdoor public gathering spaces.” 16. ADJOURNMENT – 8:18 pm ________________________ D. Ruimy, Mayor Certified Correct: ___________________________ P. Hlavac-Winsor, Acting Corporate Officer May 2, 2023 Mayor's Office CIRCULATED TO: Daniel Ruimy, Mayor Chair CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS COMMITTEE Scott Hartman, Chief Administrative Officer Member Patrick Hlavac-Winsor, Recording Secretary 1. 22-113931-BG LEGAL: PID: LOCATION: OWNER: Lot 320 District Lot 279 Group 1 New Westminster District Plan 114 011-510-994 20425 Hampton Street Ajmer Singh Josan and Lovepreet Kaur REQUIRED AGREEMENTS: Flood Protection Covenant THAT THE MAYOR AND CORPORATE OFFICER BE AUTHORIZED TO SIGN AND SEAL THE PRECEDING DOCUMENT AS IT RELATES TO 22-113931-BG. CARRIED ~ cottHa~s Member N Scale: 1 :2,500 Ii) 0 N 11386 " a I!) a "' "' ~ a "' "' "' I!) a "' I!) ~ a "' "'a .,... "' I!) I!) ca "' <o "1 I!) a "' ~ I!) a "' a "1 I!) a "' a 'SI-I!) a "' ~ ~ I!) I!) a a "' "' a 'SI-I!) a "' ~ 11315 a "' The City of Maple Ridge makes no guarantee regarding the accuracy or present status of the information shown on this map. 20425 Hampton St FILE: Subject Map DATE: Apr 20, 2023 BY:NP i--: Cl) ~ w Cl) w Cl'. ~ #34 - 22374 Lougheed Highway, Maple Ridge B.C. V2X 2T5 Phone 604-467-2420 Letter of Concern April 27, 2023 RE: Open drug use in Downtown Maple Ridge Businesses in Downtown Maple Ridge are expressing their concerns in facing ongoing issues, often daily, with respect to open drug use. This happens right in front of businesses, at customers access points, on the sidewalks or within business washrooms that are open to the public. Often resulting in the following: • Business owners and/or the community dealing with passed out individuals and overdoses. Having to witness and call security / 911 often. • Loss of staff, customers, and revenue due to safety concerns in visiting business. Additional losses due to time spent dealing with street activity. • Increased security, maintenance (cleaning) costs. • Closeness or contact with open drug use can cause physical harm to anyone passing by and responders. • Drug paraphernalia left behind. Patrols are often asked “where can we go?” when asking street population engaging in drug use or camping to move away from businesses. The Downtown Maple Ridge Business Improvement Association understands the need to address and care for individuals and provide treatment at the same time and asks for assistance in seeking resolution for the benefit of individuals and our business community. Please reach out if we can discuss, offer further explanation or help address in any way. Sincerely, Flori Chaykowski, Executive Director Downtown Maple Ridge Business Improvement Association ExecutiveDirector@DowntownMapleRidge.ca www.DowntownMapleRidge.ca CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE BYLAW NO. 7926-2023 A bylaw to establish the five year financial plan for the years 2023 through 2027 ____________________________________________________________________________________ WHEREAS, a process of public consultation was undertaken in adopting the financial plan through an online engagement platform as well as social media posts and website communications; AND WHEREAS, the public have the opportunity to provide comments and questions with respect to the proposed 5 year financial plan; AND WHEREAS, Council deems this to be a process of public consultation under Section 166 of the Community Charter; NOW THEREFORE, the Council for the City of Maple Ridge enacts as follows: 1. This Bylaw may be cited as “Maple Ridge 2023-2027 Financial Plan Bylaw No. 7926-2023”. 2. Statement 1 attached to and forming part of this bylaw is hereby declared to be the Consolidated Financial Plan of the City of Maple Ridge for the years 2023 through 2027. 3. Statement 2 attached to and forming part of the bylaw is hereby declared to be the Revenue and Property Tax Policy Disclosure for the City of Maple Ridge. 4. Statement 3 attached to and forming part of the bylaw is hereby declared to be the Capital Expenditure Disclosure for the City of Maple Ridge. READ a first time the 25th day of April, 2023. READ a second time the 25th day of April, 2023. READ a third time the 25th day of April, 2023. PUBLIC CONSULTATION completed on the 14th day of April 2023. ADOPTED the day of 2023. ________________________________ PRESIDING MEMBER ________________________________ CORPORATE OFFICER ATTACHMENT: Statement 1, Statement 2 and Statement 3 Statement 1 Consolidated Financial Plan 2023-2027 ($ in thousands) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 REVENUES Development Fees Developer Contributed Assets 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Developer Cost Charges 40,963 10,979 37,619 26,700 5,916 Developer Projects & Amenity Contributions1,681---- Parkland Acquisition 2,747 200 200 200 200 Contribution from Others 1,751 1,356 1,362 1,369 1,376 Development Fees Total 67,142 32,535 59,181 48,269 27,492 Property Taxes 107,270 113,274 119,511 126,577 134,074 Parcel Charges 3,768 3,889 4,014 4,143 4,277 Fees & Charges 58,315 61,532 64,986 68,715 72,739 Interest 2,710 2,725 2,740 2,755 2,770 Grants 14,277 5,354 8,196 41,072 5,373 Total Revenues 253,482 219,309 258,628 291,531 246,725 EXPENDITURES Operating Expenditures Debt Interest Payments 1,640 1,904 1,732 2,459 2,067 Amortization 24,594 24,594 24,594 24,594 24,594 Other Expenditures 162,162 152,758 161,165 169,631 180,430 Total Expenditures 188,396 179,256 187,491 196,684 207,091 ANNUAL SURPLUS 65,086 40,053 71,137 94,847 39,634 Add Back: Amortization Expense (Surplus) 24,594 24,594 24,594 24,594 24,594 Less: Capital Expenditures 193,048 51,448 72,809 91,416 28,791 Less: Developer Contributed Capital 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 CHANGE IN FINANCIAL POSITION (123,368) (6,801) 2,922 8,025 15,437 OTHER REVENUES Add: Borrowing Proceeds 28,721 10,000 - - - OTHER EXPENDITURES Less: Principal Payments on Debt 4,173 4,816 4,943 5,771 4,747 TOTAL REVENUES LESS EXPENSES (98,820) (1,617) (2,021) 2,254 10,690 INTERNAL TRANSFERS Transfer From Reserve Funds Capital Works Reserve 2,703 - - 250 250 Equipment Replacement Reserve 12,028 3,327 2,063 1,977 2,082 Fire Department Capital Reserve 92---- Sanitary Sewer Reserve 1,202---- Total Transfer From Reserve Funds 16,025 3,327 2,063 2,227 2,332 Less :Transfer To Reserve Funds Capital Works Reserve 1,168 238 732 2,531 2,662 Equipment Replacement Reserve 2,985 3,126 3,306 3,453 3,665 Fire Department Capital Reserve 1,171 1,261 1,369 1,536 1,939 Land Reserve 55555 Total Transfer To Reserve Funds 5,329 4,630 5,412 7,525 8,271 Transfer From (To) Own Reserves 82,744 2,596 120 2,396 (2,296) Transfer From (To) Surplus 5,380 324 5,250 648 (2,455) Transfer From (To) Surplus & Own Reserves 88,124 2,920 5,370 3,044 (4,751) TOTAL INTERNAL TRANSFERS 98,820 1,617 2,021 (2,254) (10,690) BALANCED BUDGET ----- Statement 2 Revenue and Property Tax Policy Disclosure REVENUE DISCLOSURE OBJECTIVES & POLICIES Property Tax Revenue Property tax revenue is the City’s primary revenue source, and one which is heavily reliant on the residential class. Diversification of the tax base and generation of non-tax revenue are ongoing objectives, outlined in Financial Sustainability Policy 5.52 section 6. The Financial Plan includes property tax increases that are as listed below: 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 General Purpose 5.05% 3.40% 3.00% 2.90% 2.90% Infrastructure Replacement 0.60% 0.80% 0.80% 1.00% 1.00% Parks & Recreation Improvements 0.30% 0.60% 0.65% Total Property Tax Increase 5.65% 4.20% 4.10% 4.50% 4.50% Information on the tax increases and the cost drivers can be found in the most recent Financial Plan Overview Report. Property tax revenue includes property taxes as well as grants in lieu of property taxes. Parcel Charges Parcel charges are comprised of a recycling charge, a sewer charge, and on some properties, a local area service or improvement charge. Parcel charges are a useful tool to charge all or a subset of properties for a fixed or variable amount to support services. Unlike property taxation the variable amount does not need to be related to the property assessment value, but can be something that more accurately reflects the cost of the service. Revenue Proportions 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 $ ('000s) % $ ('000s) % $ ('000s) % $ ('000s) % $ ('000s) % Revenues Property Taxes 107,270 38.1 113,274 49.4 119,511 46.2 126,577 43.4 134,074 54.2 Parcel Charges 3,768 1.3 3,889 1.7 4,014 1.6 4,143 1.4 4,277 1.7 Fees & Charges 58,315 20.7 61,532 26.8 64,986 25.1 68,715 23.6 72,739 29.5 Borrowing Proceeds 28,721 10.2 10,000 4.4 - - - - - - Other Sources 84,129 29.8 40,614 17.7 70,117 27.1 92,096 31.6 35,635 14.4 Total Revenues 282,203 100 229,309 100 258,628 100 291,531 100 246,725 100 Other Sources include: Development Fees Total 67,142 23.8 32,535 14.3 59,181 22.8 48,269 16.6 27,492 11.0 Interest 2,710 1.0 2,725 1.2 2,740 1.1 2,755 0.9 2,770 1.1 Grants (Other Govts) 14,277 5.1 5,354 2.3 8,196 3.2 41,072 14.1 5,373 2.2 Property Sales - - - - - - - - - - 84,129 29.8 40,614 17.7 70,117 27.1 92,096 31.6 35,635 14.4 Statement 2 Revenue and Property Tax Policy Disclosure Fees & Charges Fees should be reviewed annually and updated if needed. Past fee amendments include recreation fees, development application fees, business license fees and cemetery fees. An amendment to the Development Costs Charges (DCC) is currently underway. Fees are often used to offset the costs of providing specific services. The utility fees are reviewed annually with a view towards using rate stabilization practices to smooth out large fluctuations in rates, as set out in the Business Planning Guidelines. Borrowing Proceeds Debt is used when it makes sense, and with caution as it commits future cash flows to debt payments, restricting the ability to use these funds to provide other services. The source of the debt payments needs to be considered as does the justification for advancing the project. More information on previously approved borrowing can be found in the most recent Financial Plan Overview report and on our website for information on the new parks and recreation infrastructure. Other Sources This will vary greatly year to year as it includes: Development fees which fund capital projects from the DCC Reserve Contribution from others in relation to capital Grants which are sought from various agencies and may be leveraged with City funds PROPERTY TAX DISCLOSURE Property Tax Revenue Distribution Property Class Tax Rate (`000s) ($ per 1000) 1 Residential 83,100,077 78.9% 35,559,963 91.2% 2.3369 1.0 2 Utility 910,556 1.0% 22,764 0.1% 40.0000 17.1 4 Major Industry - 0.0% - 0.0% 12.4326 5.3 5 Light Industry 5,754,413 5.5% 925,698 2.4% 6.2163 2.7 6 Business, Other 15,401,297 14.6% 2,477,567 6.3% 6.2163 2.7 8 Rec., Non-Profit 65,173 0.1% 7,578 0.0% 8.6005 3.7 9 Farm 94,847 0.1% 4,695 0.0% 20.2020 8.6 Total 105,326,363 100% 38,998,263 100% Taxation Revenue Assessed Value Multiple (Rate / Res. Rate) Statement 2 Revenue and Property Tax Policy Disclosure Objectives & Policies Property taxes are the City’s largest source of revenue and are contained by efficient business practices. Annual Business Planning practices are the mechanism for resource allocation decisions. The City’s Financial Sustainability Policy section 6 discusses the necessity of diversifying the tax base. Development of employment-related properties is one method of diversification; therefore a key performance measurement in Strategic Economic Initiatives tracks the increased investment and development of non-residential properties. A policy in the Financial Sustainability Plan that calls for stable tax increases and the adoption of the annual increase early in the prior year in the Business Planning Guidelines provides citizens with a more stable and predictable set of cost increases. In some cases, costs are phased in over multiple years to stay within the set tax increases. Property Tax Rates It is practice to adjust property tax rates annually to negate the impact of fluctuations in the market values of properties. Property tax increases are then applied at the same relative increase for all classes, unless legislation restricts the rates, as with Class 2, Utility. The Business Class and Light Industry Class properties have the same tax rate and are treated as a composite class when setting the tax rates, as the types of businesses in each class are similar. In reviewing tax rates to ensure competitiveness, absolute rates, tax multiples and the overall tax burden are considered. The impact that assessed values have when comparing to other geographical areas must be considered in a comparison of tax rates. Permissive Tax Exemptions Council has set policies around the use of permissive tax exemptions. These are Council Policies 5.19 through 5.24. These policies discuss Churches, Community Halls, Heritage Sites, Homes for the Care of Children and the Relief of the Aged, the Poor, the Disabled and the Infirm, Municipal Recreational Services, Private Hospitals and Daycares, Private School and Youth Recreation Groups. Revitalization Tax Exemptions (no current programs) In the past, Revitalization Tax Exemptions have been leveraged as a tool to provide incentives for the attainment of strategic goals related to land development and the attraction of high-value jobs. The Town Centre Investment Incentive Program was established to attract private investment in the fulfillment of the Town Centre Area Plan. Similarly, the Employment Land investment Incentive Program was designed to encourage job creation by supporting investment in buildings and infrastructure on identified “employment lands”. Statement 3 Capital Expenditure Disclosure The sole purpose of this statement is to meet legislative requirements and highlight the value of the Development Cost Charges; no other conclusions should be drawn from the figures. This disclosure is required under the Local Government Act section 560 (2); capital costs attributable to projects to be partially funded by Development Cost Charges (DCC) must be included in the financial plan. The DCC program includes projects as far out as 2041 therefore the capital expenditures must be extended to match. Certain types of projects are not planned past the five year time horizon of the Financial Plan. Much less scrutiny is given to projects that are planned in years 2028 through 2042. Projects in these years may exceed annual funding available. Capital Program for 2028 – 2042 (in $ thousands) Capital Works Program 426,986 Source of Funding Development Fees Development Cost Charges 240,277 Contribution from Others 1,339 241,616 Borrowing Proceeds - Grants 18,211 Transfer from Reserve Funds 24,241 Revenue Funds 142,919 185,370 426,986 CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE BYLAW NO. 7927-2023 A bylaw to establish property tax rates for Municipal and Regional District purposes for the year 2023 __________________________________________________________________________ WHEREAS pursuant to provisions in the Community Charter Council must, by bylaw, establish property tax rates; NOW THEREFORE, the Council of the City of Maple Ridge, enacts as follows: 1. This Bylaw may be cited for all purposes as “Maple Ridge 2023 Property Tax Rates Bylaw No. 7927-2023”. 2. The following rates are hereby imposed and levied for the year 2023: (a) For all lawful general purposes of the municipality on the assessed value of land and improvements taxable for general municipal purposes, rates appearing in Schedule “A” attached hereto and forming a part hereof. (b) For purposes of the Greater Vancouver Regional District on the assessed value of land and improvements taxable for regional hospital district purposes, rates appearing in Schedule “B” attached hereto and forming a part hereof. 3. The minimum taxation upon a parcel of real property shall be One Dollar ($1.00). READ a first time the 25th day of April, 2023. READ a second time the 25th day of April, 2023. READ a third time the 25th day of April, 2023. ADOPTED the day of , 2023. PRESIDING MEMBER CORPORATE OFFICER City of Maple Ridge Schedule 'A' to Bylaw No. 7927-2023 Tax Rates (dollars of tax per $1,000 taxable value) City of Maple Ridge Schedule 'B' to Bylaw No. 7927-2023 Tax Rates (dollars of tax per $1,000 taxable value) 1 245689 Major Light Business/ Rec/ Residential Utility Industry Industry Other Non-profit Farm General 2.3369 40.0000 12.4326 6.2163 6.2163 8.6005 20.2020 Municipal 1 245689 Major Light Business/ Rec/ Residential Utility Industry Industry Other Non-profit Farm Greater 0.0520 0.1820 0.1768 0.1768 0.1274 0.0520 0.0520 Vancouver Regional District CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE BYLAW NO.7923-2023 A bylaw to impose rates for the payment of dyke maintenance costs in Albion Dyking District WHEREAS, the Council of the City of Maple Ridge, acting as Receiver for the Albion Dyking District, must by bylaw establish a tax rate bylaw for the Albion Dyking District to impose rates for the payment of dyke maintenance, improvements, equipment repair and related costs; NOW THEREFORE, the Council of the City of Maple Ridge enacts as follows: 1. This Bylaw may be cited for all purposes as “Maple Ridge Albion Dyking District Tax Rates Bylaw No. 7923-2023”. 2. The following rates are hereby imposed and levied for those lands within the boundaries of Albion Dyking District: (a) a rate of $0.82703 per $1,000 of assessment of land and improvements in all categories. 3. If any section, subsection, clause or other part of this Bylaw is for any reason held to be invalid by the decision of a court of competent jurisdiction, such decision will not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Bylaw. READ a first time the 25th day of April, 2023. READ a second time the 25th day of April, 2023. READ a third time the 25th day of April, 2023. ADOPTED, the ____ day of ___________, 2023. _______________________________ PRESIDING MEMBER _______________________________ CORPORATE OFFICER CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE BYLAW NO. 7924-2023 A bylaw to impose rates for the payment of dyke maintenance costs in Maple Ridge Road 13 Dyking District WHEREAS, the Council of the City of Maple Ridge, acting on behalf of the Trustees for Maple Ridge Road 13 Dyking District, must establish a tax rate bylaw for the Road 13 Dyking District, to impose rates for the payment of dyke maintenance, improvements, equipment repair and related costs; NOW THEREFORE, the Council of the City of Maple Ridge enacts as follows: 1. This Bylaw may be cited for all purposes as “Maple Ridge Road 13 Dyking District Tax Rates Bylaw No. 7924-2023.” 2. The following rates are hereby imposed and levied for those lands within the boundaries of Maple Ridge Road 13 Dyking District: For purposes of dyke maintenance and improvements and equipment repair and maintenance: (a) a rate of $0.23962 per $1,000 of assessment of land and improvements in all categories (b) a rate of $12.00 per acre of land with a minimum charge of $5.00. 3. If any section, subsection, clause or other part of this Bylaw is for any reason held to be invalid by the decision of a court of competent jurisdiction, such decision will not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Bylaw. READ a first time the 25th day of April, 2023. READ a second time the 25th day of April, 2023. READ a third time the 25th day of April, 2023. ADOPTED, the ____ day of ___________, 2023. _______________________________ PRESIDING MEMBER _______________________________ CORPORATE OFFICER City of Maple Ridge Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw No. 7917-2023 Effective Date: City of Maple Ridge Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw No. 7917-2023 Table of Contents Part 1 Citation ............................................................................................................................ 1 Part 2 Severability ...................................................................................................................... 1 Part 3 Previous Bylaw Repeal ................................................................................................... 1 Part 4 Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 1 Part 5 General Regulations ....................................................................................................... 2 Part 6 Offence and Penalty ....................................................................................................... 5 1 City of Maple Ridge Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw No. 7917-2023 A bylaw respecting the granting of an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence WHEREAS the municipalities that have entered or will enter into the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement (the “Participating Municipalities”) wish to permit licensed transportation network services (“TNS”) businesses to operate across their jurisdictional boundaries thereby eliminating the need to obtain a separate municipal business licence in each jurisdiction; AND WHEREAS each of the Participating Municipalities has or will adopt a similar Bylaw to implement the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence; NOW THEREFORE, the Council of the City of Maple Ridge enacts as follows: Part 1 Citation 1.1 This bylaw may be cited as Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw No. 7917- 2023. Part 2 Severability 2.1 If a portion of this bylaw is held invalid by a Court of competent jurisdiction, then the invalid portion must be severed and the remainder of this bylaw is deemed to have been adopted without the severed section, subsequent, paragraph, subparagraph, clause or phrase. Part 3 Previous Bylaw Repeal 3.1 Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw No. 7623-2020 Part 4 Definitions 4.1 In this bylaw: “Accessible Vehicle” means a motor vehicle designed and manufactured, or converted, for the purpose of transporting persons who use mobility aids; “Business” has the same meaning as in the Community Charter; “Community Charter” means the Community Charter, S.B.C. 2003, c. 26, as may be amended or replaced from time to time; 2 “Inter Municipal TNS Business” means a TNS Business that has been licensed to operate in the Region 1 operating area by the Passenger Transportation Board; “Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence” means a business licence which authorizes an Inter Municipal TNS Business to be carried on within the jurisdictional boundaries of any or all of the Participating Municipalities; “Mobility Aid” has the same meaning as in the Passenger Transportation Act, S.B.C 2004, c. 39. as may be amended or replaced from time to time; “Municipal Business Licence” means a licence or permit, other than an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence, issued by a Participating Municipality that authorizes a Business to be carried on within the jurisdictional boundaries of that Participating Municipality; “Participating Municipality” means any one of the Participating Municipalities; “Premises” means one or more fixed or permanent locations where the TNS Business ordinarily carries on Business; “TNS Business” means a person carrying on the business of providing Transportation Network Services; “Transportation Network Services” has the same meaning as in the Passenger Transportation Act, S.B.C 2004, c. 39, as may be amended or replaced from time to time; “Zero Emission Vehicle” means a motor vehicle that is exclusively propelled by electricity or hydrogen from an external source. Part 5 General Regulations 5.1 Subject to the provisions of this Bylaw, each Participating Municipality will permit a TNS Business that has obtained an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence to carry on the Business of providing Transportation Network Services within that Participating Municipality for the term authorized by the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence without obtaining a Municipal Business Licence for the TNS Business in that Participating Municipality. 5.2 All Inter Municipal TNS Business Licences will be issued by the City of Vancouver. 5.3 The City of Vancouver may issue an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence to a TNS Business if the TNS Business is an Inter Municipal TNS Business and meets the requirements of this Bylaw, in addition to the requirements of the City of Maple Ridge Business Licencing and Regulation Bylaw. 3 5.4 Notwithstanding that a TNS Business may hold an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence that would make it unnecessary to obtain a Municipal Business Licence for the TNS Business in the Participating Municipalities, the TNS Business must still comply with all orders and regulations under any municipal business licence Bylaw in addition to those under any other Bylaws, regulations, or provincial or federal laws that may apply within any jurisdiction in which the TNS Business carries on Business. 5.5 Any Participating Municipality may require that the holder of an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence also obtain a Municipal Business Licence for any Premises that are maintained by the licence holder within the jurisdiction of the Participating Municipality. 5.6 The annual Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence fee is $155, plus $150 for each vehicle operating under the authority of the Inter Municipal TNS Business, except that the per vehicle fee for Zero Emission Vehicles will be $30, and there will be no per vehicle fee charged for Accessible Vehicles. 5.7 The fee for any additional vehicles that begin operating under the authority of an Inter Municipal TNS Business License holder after the annual license fee is paid will be the per vehicle fee set out in section 4.6, pro-rated by dividing the applicable annual per vehicle fee by 12 and multiplying the resulting number by the number of months remaining in that calendar year, including any partial months which will be counted as whole months. 5.8 The length of term of an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence is 12 months, except that the length of term of the initial Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence issued to an Inter Municipal TNS Business by the City of Maple Ridge may be less than 12 months in order to harmonize the expiry date of the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence with the calendar year, in which case the annual fee will be pro-rated by dividing the applicable annual license fee by 12 and multiplying the resulting number by the number of months remaining in that calendar year, including any partial months which will be counted as whole months. 5.9 An Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence will be valid within the jurisdictional boundaries of all of the Participating Municipalities until its term expires, unless the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence is suspended or cancelled. If a Participating Municipality withdraws from the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence among the Participating Municipalities in accordance with this Bylaw, then the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence will cease to be valid within the jurisdictional boundary of that former Participating Municipality. 4 5.10 A Participating Municipality may exercise the authority of the City of Vancouver as the issuing municipality and suspend an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence in relation to conduct by the holder within the Participating Municipality which would give rise to the power to suspend a business licence under the Community Charter or Vancouver Charter or under the business licence Bylaw of the Participating Municipality. The suspension will be in effect throughout all of the Participating Municipalities and it will be unlawful for the holder to carry on the Business authorized by the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence in any Participating Municipality for the period of the suspension. 5.11 A Participating Municipality may exercise the authority of the City of Vancouver as the issuing municipality and cancel an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence in relation to conduct by the holder within the Participating Municipality which would give rise to the power to cancel a business licence under the Community Charter or Vancouver Charter or the business licence Bylaw of the Participating Municipality. The cancellation will be in effect throughout all of the Participating Municipalities. 5.12 The suspension or cancellation of an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence under section 4.10 or 4.11 will not affect the authority of a Participating Municipality to issue a Municipal Business Licence, other than an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence, to the holder of the suspended or cancelled Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence. 5.13 Nothing in this Bylaw affects the authority of a Participating Municipality to suspend or cancel any Municipal Business Licence issued by that municipality or to enact regulations in respect of any category of Business under section 15 of the Community Charter. 5.14 A Participating Municipality may, by notice in writing to each of the other Participating Municipalities, withdraw from the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence among the Participating Municipalities, and the notice must: a) set out the date on which the withdrawing municipality will no longer recognize the validity within its boundaries of Inter Municipal TNS Business Licences, which date must be at least 6 months from the date of the notice; and b) include a certified copy of the municipal Council resolution or Bylaw authorizing the municipality’s withdrawal from the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence. 5.15 The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Bylaw shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provisions of this Bylaw and any such invalid or unenforceable provision shall be deemed to be severable. 5.16 Despite any other provision of this Bylaw, an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence granted in accordance with this Bylaw does not grant the holder a licence to operate in any jurisdiction other than within the jurisdictional boundaries of the Participating Municipalities. 5 5.17 A business licence granted under any other Inter Municipal TNS Business licence is deemed not to exist for the purposes of this Bylaw, even if a Participating Municipality is a participating member of the other Inter Municipal TNS Business licence. Part 6 Offence and Penalty 6.1 Every person who violates a provision of this bylaw, or who consents, allows or permits an act or thing to be done in violation of a provision of this bylaw, or who neglects to or refrains from doing anything required to be done by a provision of this bylaw, is guilty of an offence and is liable to the penalties imposed under this bylaw, and is guilty of a separate offence each day that a violation continues to exist. 6.2 Every person who commits an offence is liable on summary conviction to a fine or to imprisonment, or to both a fine and imprisonment, not exceeding the maximum allowed by the Offence Act. READ A FIRST TIME on April 25, 2023. READ A SECOND TIME on April 25, 2023. READ A THIRD TIME on April 25, 2023. ADOPTED by the Council on ___________________ PRESIDING MEMBER CORPORATE OFFICER City of Maple Ridge Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement Bylaw No. 7918 - 2023 Effective Date: City of Maple Ridge Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement Bylaw No. 7918 - 2023 Table of Contents Part 1 Citation ............................................................................................................................ 1 Part 2 Previous Bylaw Repeal ................................................................................................... 1 Part 3 Bylaw Agreement ............................................................................................................ 1 Schedule A ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement .................................................................. 2 1 City of Maple Ridge Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement Bylaw No. 7918-2023 A bylaw to enter into an agreement among the Participating Municipalities regarding an Inter Municipal Transportation Network Services Business Licence WHEREAS the Council of the City of Maple Ridge deems it expedient to provide for a bylaw to enter into an agreement among the Participating Municipalities regarding an Inter Municipal Transportation Network Services Business Licence; NOW THEREFORE, the Council of the City of Maple Ridge enacts as follows: Part 1 Citation 1.1 This bylaw may be cited as "Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement Bylaw No. 7918-2023. Part 2 Previous Bylaw Repeal 2.1 Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement Bylaw No. 7622-2020 Part 3 Bylaw Agreement 3.1 Council hereby authorizes the City to enter into an Agreement with the Participating Municipalities in substantially the form and substance of the Agreement attached to this Bylaw as Schedule A, and also authorizes the Corporate Officer to execute the Agreement on behalf of the City, and to deliver it to the Participating Municipalities on such terms and conditions as the Corporate Officer deems fit. 3.2 This Bylaw is to come into force and take effect on the date of its enactment. Schedules Schedule A – Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement READ A FIRST TIME on April 25, 2023. READ A SECOND TIME on April 25, 2023. READ A THIRD TIME on April 25, 2023. ADOPTED by the Council on ______________. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ PRESIDING MEMBER CORPORATE OFFICER 2 Schedule A Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement WHEREAS the City of Abbotsford, the Village of Anmore, the Bowen Island Municipality, the City of Burnaby, the City of Chilliwack, the City of Coquitlam, the City of Delta, the Village of Harrison Hot Springs, the District of Hope, the District of Kent, the Corporation of the City of Langley, the Corporation of the Township of Langley, the Village of Lions Bay, the City of Maple Ridge, the City of Mission, the Corporation of the City of New Westminster, the Corporation of the City of North Vancouver, the Corporation of the District of North Vancouver, the City of Pitt Meadows, the Corporation of the City of Port Coquitlam, the City of Port Moody, the City of Richmond, the District of Squamish, the City of Surrey, the City of Vancouver, the Corporation of the District of West Vancouver, the Resort Municipality of Whistler, and the Corporation of the City of White Rock (the “Participating Municipalities”), wish to permit transportation network services (“TNS”) businesses to operate across their jurisdictional boundaries thereby eliminating the need to obtain a separate municipal business licence in each jurisdiction; NOW THEREFORE the Participating Municipalities agree as follows: 1. The Participating Municipalities agree to establish an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence among the Participating Municipalities, pursuant to section 14 of the Community Charter and section 192.1 of the Vancouver Charter. 2. The Participating Municipalities will request their respective municipal Councils to each ratify this Agreement and enact a Bylaw to implement an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence effective June 1, 2023. 3. In this Agreement: “Accessible Vehicle” means a motor vehicle designed and manufactured, or converted, for the purpose of transporting persons who use mobility aids; “Administrative Costs” means the direct and indirect costs and investments attributable to setting up and administering the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence, including wages, materials, corporate overhead and rent; “Business” has the same meaning as in the Community Charter; “Community Charter” means the Community Charter, S.B.C. 2003, c. 26, as may be amended or replaced from time to time; “Inter Municipal TNS Business” means a TNS Business that has been licenced to operate in the Region 1 operating area by the Passenger Transportation Board; “Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence” means a business licence which authorizes an Inter Municipal TNS Business to be carried on within the jurisdictional boundaries of any or all of the Participating Municipalities; “Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw” means the Bylaw adopted by the Council of each Participating Municipality to implement the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence contemplated by this Agreement; 3 “Mobility Aid” has the same meaning as in the Passenger Transportation Act, S.B.C 2004, c. 39, as may be amended or replaced from time to time; “Municipal Business Licence” means a licence or permit, other than an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence, issued by a Participating Municipality that authorizes a Business to be carried on within the jurisdictional boundaries of that Participating Municipality; “Participating Municipality” means any one of the Participating Municipalities; “Premises” means one or more fixed or permanent locations where the TNS Business ordinarily carries on Business; “TNS Business” means a person carrying on the business of providing Transportation Network Services; “Transportation Network Services” has the same meaning as in the Passenger Transportation Act, S.B.C 2004, c. 39, as may be amended or replaced from time to time; “Vancouver Charter” means the Vancouver Charter, S.B.C. 1953, c. 55, as may be amended or replaced from time to time; and “Zero Emission Vehicle” means a motor vehicle that is exclusively propelled by electricity or hydrogen from an external source. 4. Subject to the provisions of the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw, each Participating Municipality will permit a TNS Business that has obtained an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence to carry on the Business of providing Transportation Network Services within that Participating Municipality for the term authorized by the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence without obtaining a Municipal Business Licence for the TNS Business in that Participating Municipality. 5. All Inter Municipal TNS Business Licences will be issued by the City of Vancouver. 6. The City of Maple Ridge may issue an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence to a TNS Business if the TNS Business is an Inter Municipal TNS Business and meets the requirements of the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw, in addition to the requirements of the City of Maple Ridge Business Licencing and Regulation Bylaw. 7. Notwithstanding that a TNS Business may hold an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence that would make it unnecessary to obtain a Municipal Business Licence for the TNS Business in the Participating Municipalities, the TNS Business must still comply with all orders and regulations under any municipal business licence Bylaw in addition to those under any other Bylaws, regulations, or provincial or federal laws that may apply within any jurisdiction in which the TNS Business carries on Business. 8. Any Participating Municipality may require that the holder of an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence also obtain a Municipal Business Licence for any Premises that are maintained by the licence holder within the jurisdiction of the Participating Municipality. 4 9. The annual Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence fee is $155, plus $150 for each vehicle operating under the authority of the Inter Municipal TNS Business, except that the per vehicle fee for Zero Emission Vehicles will be $30, and there will be no per vehicle fee charged for Accessible Vehicles. 10. The fee for any additional vehicles that begin operating under the authority of an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence holder after the annual licence fee is paid will be the per vehicle fee set out in section 9, pro-rated by dividing the applicable annual per vehicle fee by 12 and multiplying the resulting number by the number of months remaining in that calendar year, including any partial months which will be counted as whole months. 11. The City of Vancouver will distribute the revenue generated from Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence fees amongst all Participating Municipalities based on the City of Vancouver retaining an amount to cover its Administrative Costs, with the remaining fees to be distributed proportionally to the Participating Municipalities, including the City of Vancouver, based on the number of pick-ups and drop-offs in that Participating Municipality. The City of Vancouver will provide the other Participating Municipalities with an itemized accounting of the fees collected and disbursed, including an accounting of its Administrative Costs, at the time it distributes the remaining fees to those Participating Municipalities. 12. The revenue generated from Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence fees collected from January 1 to December 31 inclusive that is to be distributed to the Participating Municipalities in accordance with section 11, including the fees collected for any additional vehicles under section 10, will be distributed by the City of Vancouver by February 28 of the year following the year in which fees were collected. 13. The length of term of an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence is 12 months, except that the length of term of the initial Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence issued to an Inter Municipal TNS Business by the City of Maple Ridge may be less than 12 months in order to harmonize the expiry date of the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence with the calendar year, in which case the annual fee will be pro-rated by dividing the applicable annual licence fee by 12 and multiplying the resulting number by the number of months remaining in that calendar year, including any partial months which will be counted as whole months. 14. An Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence will be valid within the jurisdictional boundaries of all of the Participating Municipalities until its term expires, unless the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence is suspended or cancelled. If a Participating Municipality withdraws from the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence among the Participating Municipalities in accordance with the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw, then the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence will cease to be valid within the jurisdictional boundary of that former Participating Municipality. 15. A Participating Municipality may exercise the authority of the City of Vancouver as the issuing municipality and suspend an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence in relation to conduct by the holder within the Participating Municipality which would give rise to the power to suspend a business licence under the Community Charter or Vancouver Charter or under the business licence Bylaw of the Participating Municipality. The 5 suspension will be in effect throughout all of the Participating Municipalities and it will be unlawful for the holder to carry on the Business authorized by the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence in any Participating Municipality for the period of the suspension. 16. A Participating Municipality may exercise the authority of the of the City of Vancouver as the issuing municipality and cancel an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence in relation to conduct by the holder within the Participating Municipality which would give rise to the power to cancel a business licence under the Community Charter or Vancouver Charter or the business licence Bylaw of the Participating Municipality. The cancellation will be in effect throughout all of the Participating Municipalities. 17. The suspension or cancellation of an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence under section 17 or 18 will not affect the authority of a Participating Municipality to issue a Municipal Business Licence, other than an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence, to the holder of the suspended or cancelled Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence. 18. Nothing in this Agreement affects the authority of a Participating Municipality to suspend or cancel any Municipal Business Licence issued by that municipality or to enact regulations in respect of any category of Business under section 15 of the Community Charter. 19. A Participating Municipality may, by notice in writing to each of the other Participating Municipalities, withdraw from the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence among the Participating Municipalities, and the notice must: (a) set out the date on which the withdrawing municipality will no longer recognize the validity within its boundaries of Inter Municipal TNS Business Licences, which date must be at least six months from the date of the notice; and (b) include a certified copy of the municipal Council resolution or Bylaw authorizing the municipality's withdrawal from the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence . 20. Nothing contained or implied in this Agreement shall fetter in any way the discretion of the Councils of the Participating Municipalities. Further, nothing contained or implied in this Agreement shall prejudice or affect the Participating Municipalities' rights, powers, duties or obligations in the exercise of their functions pursuant to the Community Charter, Vancouver Charter, or the Local Government Act, as amended or replaced from time to time, or act to fetter or otherwise affect the Participating Municipalities' discretion, and the rights, powers, duties and obligations under all public and private statutes, Bylaws, orders and regulations, which may be, if each Participating Municipality so elects, as fully and effectively exercised as if this Agreement had not been executed and delivered by the Participating Municipalities. 21. Despite any other provision of this Agreement, an Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence granted in accordance with the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Bylaw does not grant the holder a licence to operate in any jurisdiction other than within the jurisdictional boundaries of the Participating Municipalities. Furthermore, a business licence granted under any other Inter Municipal TNS Business licence is deemed not 6 to exist for the purposes of this Agreement even if a Participating Municipality is a participating member of the other Inter Municipal TNS Business licence . 22. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and may be delivered by email or facsimile transmission, and each such counterpart, howsoever delivered, shall be deemed to be an original. Such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument, notwithstanding that all of the Participating Municipalities are not signatories to the original or the same counterpart. 23. This Agreement replaces and supercedes the Inter Municipal TNS Business Licence Agreement entered into by the City of Abbotsford, the Village of Anmore, the Bowen Island Municipality, the City of Burnaby, the City of Chilliwack, the City of Coquitlam, the City of Delta, the Village of Harrison Hot Springs, the Corporation of the City of Langley, the Corporation of the Township of Langley, the Village of Lions Bay, the City of Maple Ridge, the Corporation of the City of New Westminster, the Corporation of the City of North Vancouver, the Corporation of the District of North Vancouver, the City of Pitt Meadows, the Corporation of the City of Port Coquitlam, the City of Port Moody, the City of Richmond, the District of Squamish, the City of Surrey, the City of Vancouver, the Corporation of the District of West Vancouver, the Resort Municipality of Whistler, and the Corporation of the City of White Rock in 2020. 24. In the event that the municipal Council of a Participating Municipality other than the City of Vancouver does not ratify this Agreement, then that municipality will not be considered a Participating Municipality for the purposes of this Agreement, and the terms and conditions of this Agreement shall be effective as among the other Participating Municipalities. Signed and delivered on behalf of the Participating Municipalities, the Councils of each of which have, by Bylaw, ratified this Agreement and authorized their signatories to sign on behalf of the respective Councils. The City of Abbotsford Mayor Corporate Officer Date Village of Anmore Mayor Corporate Officer Date Bowen Island Municipality Mayor 7 Corporate Officer Date City of Burnaby City Clerk Date City of Chilliwack Mayor Corporate Officer Date City of Coquitlam Mayor City Clerk Date City of Delta Mayor City Clerk Date Village of Harrison Hot Springs Mayor Corporate Officer Date The District of Hope Mayor Corporate Officer Date The District of Kent Mayor Corporate Officer Date 8 The Corporation of the City of Langley Mayor Corporate Officer Date The Corporation of the Township of Langley Mayor Township Clerk Date Village of Lions Bay Mayor Corporate Officer Date City of Maple Ridge Presiding Member Corporate Officer Date The City of Mission Mayor Corporate Officer Date The Corporation of the City of New Westminster Mayor City Clerk Date The Corporation of the City of North Vancouver Mayor City Clerk Date The Corporation of the District of North Vancouver 9 Mayor Municipal Clerk Date The City of Pitt Meadows Mayor Corporate Officer Date The Corporation of the City of Port Coquitlam Mayor Corporate Officer Date City of Port Moody Mayor Corporate Officer Date The City of Richmond Chief Administrative Officer General Manager Corporate and Financial Services Date District of Squamish Mayor Corporate Officer Date City of Surrey Mayor City Clerk Date The City of Vancouver 10 Director of Legal Services Date The Corporation of the District of West Vancouver Mayor Corporate Officer Date Resort Municipality of Whistler Mayor Municipal Clerk Date The Corporation of the City of White Rock Mayor Director of Corporate Administration Date r ~. iiffi#ii4Mdl ,.~ Brit,sh Columbia "·-----mapleridge.ca City of Maple Ridge TO: FROM: His Worship Mayor Dan Ruimy and Members of Council Chief Administrative Officer MEETING DATE: May 02, 2023 FILE NO: 2023-123-RZ MEETING: CoW SUBJECT: Secondary Suites and Detached Garden Suites on the Same Lot in the ALR EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Since January 2022, the Agricultural Land Commission (ALC) has permitted secondary suites and detached garden suites on the same lot without an application to the ALC. The Province of BC removed the need for an application to the ALC to increase residential flexibility. However, Maple Ridge's Zoning Bylaw does not currently permit a secondary suite and detached garden suite on the same lot anywhere in the City. At the April 26, 2022, Council Workshop meeting, Council was presented with accessory dwelling unit regulatory options that would positively impact current and future residents by creating additional secondary suite and detached garden suite units in the community. At this meeting, Council directed staff to proceed with ten of the eleven recommendations, including bringing forward a zone amending bylaw to permit secondary suites and detached garden suites on the same lot in the Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR). The purpose of this report is to outline the proposed housekeeping changes to the City of Maple Ridge Zoning Bylaw in order to align with the ALC's regulations. Should Council move forward with the recommendation to permit secondary suites and detached garden suites on the same lot in the ALR, Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7929-2023 (Appendix B) will proceed through the bylaw adoption process. Secondary suites and detached garden suites are not only an important component of the community's rental market, but these forms also assist in homeownership affordability as mortgage helpers. Additionally, housing flexibility within the ALR benefits farming practices. Farme-rs in the region are aging and allowing more flexible housing encourages succession planning of farms and transfer of knowledge. To maintain a vibrant and thriving City, Maple Ridge needs to attract and retain working households and enable them to grow and age in place. RECOMMENDATION: That Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7929-2023 be given first and second reading and forwarded to public hearing to permit secondary suites and detached garden suites on the same lot in the Agricultural Land Reserve. 1.0 BACKGROUND: a) Recent Work At the April 26, 2022, Council Workshop, Council received a market update on housing in Maple Ridge and an update on Provincial regulatory changes aimed at encouraging more accessory dwelling units throughout the province. At this meeting, eleven regulatory options that were explored during the 3371989 Page 1 of 6 public consultation and review of accessory dwelling unit regulations was presented to Council. At the April 26, 2022, Council Workshop, Council directed staff to bring forward a report with detailed information and a description of the amendments for ten of the eleven recommendations. This included bringing forward a zone amending bylaw to--permit secondary suites and detached garden suites on the same lot in the Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR). b) Official Community Plan Policy Alignment Maple Ridge's Official Community Plan (OCP) reflects the community's long-term vision to become more vibrant and prosperous, offering residents a strong local economy, stable and special neighbourhoods, thoughtful development, a diversity of agriculture, and respect for the built and natural environment. Through the OCP housing policies, the need to provide a mix of housing types densities, and affordable options is recognized. In order to meet the diverse residential needs of local residents, the OCP housing policies are intended to help: • Accommodate growth through infill by promoting housing types and tenures to support diverse needs, lifestyles, and preferences (Policy 3-1), by considering disparities in age, income, and mobility; • Support the provision of rental accommodation and encourage the construction of rental units that vary in size and number of bedrooms (Policy 3-31); and • Encourage housing that incorporates "age-in-place" concepts and seniors housing designed to accommodate special needs (Policy 3-33). The OCP also contains agricultural policies that support maintaining the City's agricultural base and farming activity. The OCP also contains policies that support the ALC's policies and regulations, such as: Policy 6 -9 Maple Ridge supports the policies and regulations of the Agricultural Land Commission Act and the Farm Practices Protection Act in its land uses and will review its bylaws affecting farmland and farm operations for consistency with these provincial acts, regulations, and guidelines. c) Housing Action Plan Alignment Council endorsed the Housing Action Plan on September 30, 2014, and the Housing Action Plan Implementation Framework on September 14, 2015. The development and endorsement of the Housing Action Plan provides the opportunity to implement the strategies and actions to enhance the Official Community Plan policy direction for affordable, rental, and special needs housing. The Implementation Framework contains actions that are based on the Housing Action Plan's strategies. The endorsed strategies of the Housing Action Plan are summarized below: • Create new rental housing opportunities; • Continue to monitor secondary suites policies & bylaws; and • Expand the garden suites program. d) Housing Needs Report On February 9, 2021, Council received a Housing Needs Report. This report provided an understanding of current and anticipated housing needs within Maple Ridge. The Housing Needs Report found that there is a growing disconnect between what is available and what is affordable to Maple Ridge residents and showed that the price of a single-detached home in Maple Ridge is becoming increasingly out-of-reach for dual-income households. Additionally, with limited rental units available 3371989 Page 2 of 6 locally, and throughout the Metro Vancouver region, rental unit rates are increasing and also becoming a less affordable housing option. The findings of the Housing Needs Report reaffirmed the objectives and policy direction of the Official Community Plan, such as Policy 3-31 that encourages the construction of rental units or varying size and bedrooms, as well as the strategies and goals within the City's Housing Action Plan to create new rental housing opportunities and expand the secondary suite and detached garden suite programs. e) Agricultural Plan On December 15, 2009, Council endorsed the Agricultural Plan. The Agricultural Plan outlines recommendations to protect and enhance agriculture in Maple Ridge. The Agricultural Plan identifies that farm operators are aging rapidly. According to Statistics Canada, the average age of Canada's farm operators are 56 years old, as of the 2021 census. The Agricultural Plan encourages succession planning of family farms and for the transfer of knowledge. 2.0 DISCUSSION: There are approximately 1,440 properties within the ALR that would be eligible for having a secondary suite and detached garden suite on the same lot. Approximately 1,200 of the eligible properties are currently zoned RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential), which has a minimum lot size of 0.8 hectares (1.97 Acres). Permitting secondary suites and detached garden suites on the same lot in the ALR would align with the ALC regulations. 2.1 ALR and Detached Garden Suite Regulations Since January 2022, the ALC has been permitting the following, without requiring an application to the ALC: • a secondary suite and detached garden suite on the same lot; o a detached garden suite, up to 90m2 (968ft2) if the total floor area of the principal residence is 500m2 (5,382ft2) or less and on a parcel less than 40 ha (99 acres) (which currently aligns with Maple Ridge's maximum size for a DGS); and o a detached garden suite, up to 186m2 (2,002ft2), if the total floor area of the principal residence is 50om2 (5,382ft2) or less and the parcel is 40 ha (99 acres) or more (only six properties in Maple Ridge are greater than 40ha). The City does not currently permit a principal dwelling size to exceed 500m2 (5,382ft2) within the ALR, regardless of parcel size. Additionally, the City does not permit detached garden suites larger than 90m2 regardless of the property size. For properties within the ALR there are additional sitting requirements. Detached garden suites must be located within the Farm Home Plate, which is an area on the property that allocates where residential buildings and structures are permitted in order to restrict the impact of residential development on agricultural land. The aim of the Farm Home Plate regulations is to maintain the land base for agricultural purposes. Appendix A of this report further outlines the regulations for secondary suites and detached garden suites in Maple Ridge. 3371989 Page 3 of 6 2.2 "Homes for People" Action Plan On April 3, 2023, the Province of BC announced the "Homes for People" action plan. This plan outlines how the Province is going to increase the delivery of new homes over the next several years. Part of this Plan is to introduce legislation this Fall to allow up to four units on single-family detached lots (or three depending on the size/type of lot) with additional density permitted in areas well-served by transit. The Plan is also intending to make it easier to create secondary suites and detached garden suites throughout British Columbia. A report will be coming forward to Council in the future regarding the "Homes for People" plan. This report will also discuss how the City's current housing workplan, including secondary suites and detached garden suites, aligns with this plan and next steps. 3.0 NEXT STEPS The proposed housekeeping changes to the City of Maple Ridge Zoning Bylaw, in order to align with the ALC's regulations, are proposed through Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7929-2023 (Appendix B). This zone amending bylaw proposes changes to Section 402.11 of the Zoning Bylaw, which outlines the general regulations for detached garden suites, and Section 402.24 of the Zoning Bylaw, which outlines the general regulations for secondary suites. The proposed bylaw states that secondary suites and detached garden suites shall not be permitted on the same lot, unless the lot is located within the ALR. Should Council move forward with the recommendation to permit secondary suites and detached garden suites on the same lot in the ALR, Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7929-2023 will proceed through the bylaw adoption process. Public hearing is included within the bylaw adoption process. Should Council move forward with the recommendation, the proposed bylaw will be advertised in the newspaper and public hearing will provide an opportunity for the public to provide comment on the proposed changes. Additional public consultation is not recommended because the proposed amendment aligns with Provincial regulations. Figure 1: Zone Amending Bylaw Process 4.0 STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT Facilitating an expansion of housing diversity and supply is identified as a draft Council priority, as established under the Liveable Community pillar, of the draft 2023-2026 City of Maple Ridge Strategic Plan. Aligning with the ALC's regulations to permit secondary suites and detached garden suites on the same lot would expand housing supply within the ALR. 3371989 Page 4 of 6 CONCLUSION: Since January 2022, the Agricultural Land Commission (ALC) permits secondary suites and detached garden suites on the same lot without an application to the ALC. The Province of BC removed the application requirement in order to increase residential flexibility in the ALR. To align with the ALC's regulations, this report recommends Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7929-2023 be given first and second reading and forwarded to public hearing. This recommendation also aligns with Council's direction given at the April 26, 2022, Council Workshop meeting. By permitting housing flexibility within the ALR it would benefit farming practices in the City. Farmers in the region are aging and allowing more flexible housing encourages succession planning of farms and transfer of knowledge. To maintain a vibrant and thriving City, Maple Ridge needs to be able to attract and retain working households and enable them to grow and age in place. Secondary suites and detached garden suites are not only an important component of the community's rental market, but these forms also assist in homeownership affordability as mortgage helpers. "Original Signed by Krista Gowan" Prepared by: Krista Gowan, MA Planner 2 "Original Signed by Charles R. Goddard" Reviewed by: Charles R. Goddard, BA, MA Director of Planning "Original Signed by Christine Carter" Approved by: Christine Carter, M.PL, MCIP, RPP GM Planning & Development Services "Original Signed by Scott Hartman" Concurrence: Scott Hartman Chief Administrative Officer The following appendices are attached hereto: Appendix A -Current Secondary Suite and Detached Garden Suite Regulations Appendix B -Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7929-2023 3371989 Page 5 of 6 APPENDIX A Table 1: Current Re ulations for Seconda Suites and Detached Garden Suites ]leiim1Jaf(l11r le~mirretm:eml -~e1111!Jfifag ~wilesr lle'lta~ffieil0 llailiftemi l!lliiti'esr Permitted Zones All Single Detached zones, except Single Detached zones that have a R-3 & R-2 minimum lot size of 557m2 Minimum Floor Area N/A N/A Maximum Floor Area not to exceed 40% of the total floor 9om2 or 10% of the lot area area of the building (whichever is less) # Permitted Per Lot One One Primary Dwelling Must locate within primary dwelling Must located in rear yard Relationship Parking Requirement One per unit One per unit Strata Title/Subdivision Not permitted Not permitted Floodplain Requirement Suite must be above Flood Suite must be above Flood Construction Level Construction Level Septic Site Requirement Must notify Fraser Health Authority Must nutify Fraser Health Authority if Lot is not serviced by Community if Lot is not serviced by Community Sanitary Sewer System Sanitary Sewer System Farm Home Plate Must be located within the Farm Must be located within the Farm Requirement for ALR Home Plate Home Plate The current Zoning Bylaw regulations do not permit a detached garden suite and secondary suite on the same lot. Additionally, neither a detached garden suite or secondary suite are permitted where there is already a: Bed and Breakfast, Boarding, Caretaker Residential, Temporary Residential or Two-Unit Residential Use (i.e. duplex) on the Lot. 3371989 Page 6 of 6 ff ·CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE BYLAW NO. 7929-2023 APPENDIX 8 A Bylaw to amend the text forming part of Zoning Bylaw No. 7600 -2019 as amended WHEREAS, it is deemed desirable to amend Maple Ridge Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended; NOW THEREFORE, the Municipal Council of the City of Maple Ridge, enacts as follows: 1. This bylaw may be cited as "Maple Ridge Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7929-2023". 2. That PART 4 GENERAL REGULATIONS, Section 402.11 (8.e.) be amended by removing the text identified by strikethrough: e. shall not be permitted where there is an Agricultural Employee Residential, Bed and Breakfast, Boarding, Caretaker Residential, Sccondal)' Suite Resfdentfal, Temporary Residential, Tourist Accommodation, or Two-Unit Residential Use on the same Lot; 3. That PART 4 GENERAL REGULATIONS, Section 402.11 (8.) be amended by adding the following text after item "e." and re-organizing in alphabetical order: f. shall not be permitted where there is a Secondary Suite, unless the Lot is located within the Agricultural Land Reserve; 4. That PART 4 GENERAL REG.ULATIONS, Section 402.24 (1.c.) be amended by removing the text identified by strikethrough: c. shall not be permitted where there is a Bed and Breakfast, Boarding, Caretaker Residential, Detached Garden Suite Residential, Temporary Residential or Two- Unit Residential Use on the Lot; 5. That PART 4 GENERAL REGULATIONS, Section 402.24 (1.) be amended by adding the following text after item "c." and re-organizing in alphabetical order: f. shall not be permitted where there is a Detached Garden Suite, unless the Lot is located within the Agricultural Land Reserve; 6. Maple Ridge Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended is hereby amended accordingly. READ a first time the day of ,20 READ a second time the day of PUBLIC HEARING held the day of , 20 READ a third time the day of , 20 ADOPTED, the day of , 20 PRESIDING MEMBER CORPORATE OFFICER TO: City of Maple Ridge His Worship Mayor Dan Ruimy and Members of Council MEETING DATE: May 2, 2023 FILE NO: 2022-286-RZ FROM: Chief Administrative Officer MEETING: Co W SUBJECT: Temporary Use Permit A portion of 24548 Lougheed Highway and unaddressed lot identified by PID No. 012-84 7-046 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: An application has been received for a Temporary Use Permit over a portion of the property located at 24548 Lougheed Highway and unaddressed lot identified by PIO No. 012-847-046. The application is to permit a temporary office and outdoor storage over a portion of the subject site. The subject Temporary Use Permit (TUP) will be valid for a period of three years and may be renewed once for up to an additional three years, subject to Council approval. The subject site is designated Industrial in the Official Community Plan ("OCP") and is located outside of the Urban Area Boundary. The TUP area is within a larger site with an active rezoning application (2021-07 4-RZ), containing the two subject properties, as well as 24366 and 24388 River Road, and unaddressed lots identified by PID No. 012-846-970, 012-846-902, and 012-847-119 to rezone the properties to M-2 (General Industrial) zone. The proposed Temporary Use Permit will allow for an interim use of a portion of 24548 Lougheed Highway and unaddressed lot identified by PID No. 012- 84 7-046 for office and outdoor storage, as the applicant works towards the rezoning of the larger site to accommodate future industrial development. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. That Temporary Use Permit No. 2022-286-RZ for a portion of 24548 Lougheed Highway and unaddressed lot identified by PID No. 012-847-046 be forwarded to Public Hearing and subsequent Council meeting for decision subject to the following terms and conditions; and 2. That following the Public Hearing, the Corporate Officer be authorized to sign and seal Temporary Use Permit No. 2022-286-RZ, once the following terms and conditions are met: i. Approval of the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure (MOTi) of an Access Permit and all the requirements, including but not limited to the geotechnical assessment study and Traffic Impact Study, as required by the Ministry; ii. Approval from the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR); iii. Issuance of the Soil Permit by the City: iv. Issuance of the Watercourse Protection and Natural Features Development Permit by the City; v. Any new buildings or structures require a Building Permit along with the associated trades permits, where applicable; vi. All electrical work must be permitted and certified; vii. Receive of a Letter of Undertaking to ensure removal of the buildings after the expiration of the Temporary Use Permit; and 2022-286-RZ Page 1 of 6 viii. A conditional Business License must be obtained contingent on the business operation complying with the following: a) All structures meeting the current BC Building Code; b) Approved Fire Department Inspection; and c) All external agency requirements being met -(i.e. Fraser Health and Provincial water license as required). DISCUSSION: Background Context: Applicant: Legal Description: OCP: Existing: Proposed: Within Urban Area Boundary: Area Plan: OCP Major Corridor: Zoning: Existing: Proposed: Surrounding Uses: North: Use: Zone: Designation: South: Use: Zone: Designation: East: Use: Zone: Designation: West: Use: Zone: Designation: 2022-286-RZ Seven Horses Transportation Ltd. Parcel "B" (Reference Plan 8151) District Lot 409 Group 1 New Westminster District Except: Part Dedicated Road on Plan LMP39099; and Parcel 1 District Lot 409 Group 1 New Westminster District Plan LMP39102; Industrial Industrial No No, OCP General Land Use Map Yes RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) Temporary Use Permit (Industrial) Single Family Residential and Vacant RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) Industrial Canadian Pacific Railway and Fraser River N/A N/A Campground and Single Family Residential CS-3 (Recreation Commercial) and RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) Industrial Vacant and Single Family Housing RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) and RS-2 (Single Detached Suburban Residential) Industrial and Rural Residential Page 2 of 6 Existing Use of Property: Proposed Use of Property: Site Area: Access: Servicing requirement: 1. Background: Vacant Industrial 0.81 Ha. (2.0 acres) Lougheed Highway/River Road Urban Standard One of the outcomes of the 2014 Commercial & Industrial Strategy was that the City will need upwards of 69-93 hectares (170-230 acres) of additional industrial lands by 2040. The Strategy examined lands within the City and identified a number of areas that could potentially accommodate employment-based land uses. On March 18, 2016, Council directed staff to review the lands in the vicinity of the subject site to determine if the lands could support employment-generating land uses. As part of the ongoing updates to the City's Employment Land Re-designation process, OCP Amending Bylaw (By/aw No. 7335-2017 Area 2: Lougheed Lands) was considered for final reading and adopted at the September 12, 2017, Council Meeting. Under By/aw No. 7335-2017, the subject properties were redesignated from Suburban Residential to Industrial, in order to facilitate future employment uses on the site. The site is the subject of a previous Soil Deposit Permit under application 2019-062-SP, to permit the deposit of 638,000 cubic metres on the properties at 24548 Lougheed Highway, 24366 and 24388 River Road, and adjacent lot at 24548 Lougheed Highway. At the Council meeting on October 1, 2019, Council approved the Soil Deposit Permit. The process was estimated to take approximately seven (7) years to complete. Subsequently, the applicant decided not to proceed with the Soil Deposit Permit and the permit lapsed. 2. Project Description: The subject site is located on the south side of Lougheed Highway. The irregular shaped site (Appendices A and B) is strategically located for industrial development along a major truck route. The site that is subject to the Temporary Use Permit consists of a portion of two (2) lots, located at the east end of River Road and on the north side of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) tracks. The site is proposed to be accessed from the east utilizing an existing driveway that currently provides access to two residential properties. Access is managed by MOTi. The subject site is located outside of the Urban Area Boundary of the OCP and Metro Vancouver Urban Containment Boundary. The site is characterized by steep slopes in excess of 25% and several watercourses that will impact the location of development and this will necessitate the placement of substantial fill on the site, as noted above in the report. The subject site also is well vegetated with trees and other shrubs. To the west and north of the subject site are some vacant lots, as well as some single family dwellings. To the east of the development is a campground and a single family dwelling. To the immediate south of the site is the Fraser River and CP Railway. The applicant is requesting a Temporary Use Permit on a portion of the site located at 24548 Lougheed Highway and unaddressed lot identified by PIO No. 012-847-046. The Permit will facilitate temporary office space, vehicle parking, truck parking and outdoor storage of materials such as steel and wood on the subject site. As part of this Temporary Use Permit application, a Soil Deposit Permit (2022-350-SP) and a Watercourse Protection with Natural Features Development Permit (2021-07 4-DP) application are 2022-286-RZ Page 3 of 6 also being processed in conjunction with this application. The Soil Deposit Permit will facilitate the placement of approximately 20,000 m3 of fill on the site, which will allow for the creation of a relatively flat area for the staging of the Temporary Use Permit area. With the Development Permit application for Watercourse Protection and Natural Features, the applicant will ensure the enhancement and restoration of the site for both the Temporary Use Permit and the future rezoning as part of application 2021-07 4-RZ. The proposed Temporary Use Permit will allow for the interim use of the site as the applicant pursues a rezoning of the larger site consisting of seven (7) lots (Appendices A and B) to M-2 zone under application 2021-07 4-RZ. As part of the rezoning application, a larger amount of fill will be required under a separate Soil Permit that will allow for the future construction of a trucking and storage facility, spanning several buildings. The larger site under the rezoning application will host several warehouse and storage buildings and associated office space, to act as the headquarters for Seven Horses trucking company. Seven Horses Transportation Ltd is a transport company that specializes in transportation, logistics and storage of unusual or oversized loads. The business is family-owned and has been operating in the Lower Mainland since the 1990s. 3. Planning Analysis: i) Official Community Plan: The development site is designated Industrial in the OCP. The proposed Temporary Use Permit aligns well with this designation. There are environmentally sensitive areas within the proposed site that the applicant is proposing to preserve, therefore, an OCP amendment will be required to redesignate these portions of the site to Conservation as part of the future rezoning application 2021-07 4-RZ. The OCP designates the entire City as a Temporary Use Permit area, which allows Council to approve or deny the issuance a Temporary Use Permit. ii) Zoning Bylaw: The applicant is proposing a Temporary Use Permit under the existing RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) zone on a portion of the subject site. This proposal would permit the temproary use to operate on the subject site, as the underlying zone does not permit this industrial development. In addition to this Temporary Use Permit application, the property owner currently has an in-stream Rezoning application that seeks to rezone a larger site from RS-3 to M-2 to permit the future development of a trucking warehouse and terminal under application 2021-07 4-RZ. iii) Development Permits: Pursuant to Section 8.9 of the OCP, a Watercourse Protection Development Permit application is required to ensure the preservation, protection, restoration and enhancement of watercourse and riparian areas. Pursuant to Section 8.10 of the OCP, a Natural Features Development Permit application is required for all development and subdivision activity or building permits to ensure the preservation, protection, restoration and enhancement of the natural environment and for development that is protected from hazardous conditions. These include: 2022-286-RZ Page 4 of 6 • All areas designated Conservation on Schedule "B" or all areas within 50 metres of an area designated Conservation on Schedule "B", or on Figures 2, 3 and 4 in the Silver Valley Area Plan; • All lands with an average natural slope of greater than 15 percent; and • All floodplain areas and forest lands identified on Schedule "C". The proposed development under the TUP and the rezoning application will require the infill of the watercourse system, and will significantly impact slopes within the ravines on the sites, which has received approval from the Province under the Water Sustainability Act. As compensation for these impacts, the applicant has proposed to establish new watercourse channels, as well as a stormwater system that will provide both instream and riparian habitat improvements. The applicant will also remove previously deposited materials that were unpermitted and are potentially deleterious, including old concrete, poor quality soils and remnants of an old fire of tree stumps on the site. In addition, the southern and eastern slopes will be replanted with additional tree species to assist in improving the treed canopy and outcompete existing invasive species. 4. i) 5. i) Interdepartmental Implications: Engineering Department: The Engineering Department has noted that there are no Engineering requirements for this application, so no servicing agreement is required as a condition of the Temporary Use Permit. Intergovernmental Issues: Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure (MOTi}: As the subject site is located adjacent to a provincial highway, a referral to the MOTi was submitted to review access, traffic circulation and the parking areas. The Ministry's approval of the Access Permit related to the proposed temporary use will be required as a condition of issuance of the Temporary Use Permit. The Ministry has indicated that a conditional approval for the Access Permit (for the temporary use up to 4 years) may be granted subject to review and approval of the following requirements: • An updated site access design for truck movement; • Traffic Impact Assessment Study; • Geotechnical Assessment Study; • Storm Water Management Plan; and • Any other information that may be required by MOTi. The applicant is requesting to proceed with Council consideration of the Temporary Use Permit prior to obtaining the conditional approval from the MOTi. If Council approve the Temporary Use Permit, the Ministry's approval of the Access Permit and the above noted requirements are required prior to City issuance of the TUP. The Temporary Use Permit shall not be issued if the MOTi approval of the Access Permit and other terms and conditions required by the Ministry are not obtained. 2022-286-RZ Page 5 of 6 [~·-mapleridge.ca City of Maple Ridge TO: His Worship Mayor Dan Ruimy and Members of Council MEETING DATE: May 02, 2023 FILE NO: 2023-053-RZ FROM: SUBJECT: Chief Administrative Officer First Reading Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7921-2023 12625 McN Utt Road EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: MEETING: C o W An application has been received to rezone the subject property located at 12625 McNutt Road, from RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) to RS-2 (Single Detached Suburban Residential) to permit a future subdivision of two single-family residential lots. Pursuant to Council Policy 6.31, this application is subject to the Community Amenity Contribution (CAC) Program at a rate of $7,100 per lot. Council Policy 6.31 stipulates that in single-family residential subdivisions proposing fewer than three lots, only the first lot is exempt, after which the CAC program applies to each additional lot. Therefore, an estimated CAC amount of $7,100 or such rate applicable at third reading of this application would be required. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. That Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7921-2023 be given first reading; and further 2. That the applicant provides further information as described on Schedules B and G of the Development Procedures Bylaw No. 5879-1999, along with the information required for a Subdivision application. DISCUSSION: a) Background Context: Applicant: Legal Description: OCP: Existing: Proposed: Within Urban Area Boundary: OCP Major Corridor: 2023-053-RZ Ryan Fry LOT 19 DISTRICT LOT 6881 GROUP 1 NEW WESTMINSTER DISTRICT PLAN 34392 Suburban Residential Suburban Residential No No Page 1 of 5 Zoning: Existing: Proposed: Surrounding Uses: North: South: East: West: Existing Use of Property: Proposed Use of Property: Site Area: Access: Servicing Requirement: b) Site Characteristics: RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) RS-2 (Single Detached Suburban Residential) Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Single-Family Dwelling RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) Suburban Residential Single-Family Dwelling RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) Suburban Residential Single-Family Dwelling RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) Suburban Residential Single-Family Dwelling RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) Suburban Residential Single-Family Dwelling Single-Family Dwelling 1.179 ha. (2.9 ac.) McNutt Road Rural Standard The subject property located at 12625 McNutt Road, is approximately 1.179 hectares (2.9 acres) in size and has frontage on McNutt Road (See Appendices A and B). The subject property which is located outside of the Urban Area Boundary of the OCP is bounded by single-family residential properties to the north, east, west, and south. In general, the property is heavily treed, with the exception of the central portion of the lot, and it has a large number of Significant Trees throughout the site. The subject property contains slopes greater than 15% along McNutt Road and in its north- western section. There is an existing single-family dwelling, which will be maintained as part of the north lot. The site is currently connected to the Community Water System but it does not have access to the Community Sanitary Sewer System. c) Project Description: The applicant is proposing to rezone the subject property from RS-3 to RS-2 to permit future subdivision into two single-family residential lots with a minimum lot area of 0.4 hectares (1.0 acre.) Both lots meet the minimum lot area for the RS-2 zone. (See Appendix D). The lots would be accessed from McNutt Road. At this time the current application has been assessed to determine its compliance with the Official Community Plan (OCP) and provide a land use assessment only. Detailed review and comments will need to be made once full application packages have been received. A more detailed analysis and further reports will be required prior to second reading. Such assessment may impact proposed lot boundaries and yields, OCP designations and bylaw particulars, and may require application for further development permits. 2023-053-RZ Page 2 of 5 Any subdivision layout provided is strictly preliminary and could change after servicing details and analysis reports are reviewed. The subdivision layout must be approved by the Approving Officer prior to second reading. d) Planning Analysis: Official Community Plan: The OCP designates the subject property as Suburban Residential and development of the property is subject to the Suburban Residential Policies 3.10 through to 3.13 of the OCP. Suburban Residential Policies 3.10 through to 3.13 of the OCP state the following: Policy 3-10 Urban-level residential densities will not be supported in areas designated Suburban Residential. Policy 3-11 Maple Ridge will support some agricultural uses and single detached housing on large suburban lots. Lot sizes within this land use designation are generally 0.4 hectares in size. Policy 3-12 Maple Ridge will continue to support garden suites as a form of infill in Suburban Residential areas in accordance with the requirements of the Zoning Bylaw. Policy 3-13 Areas designated Suburban Residential are located outside the Urban Area Boundary. City water is required and sewage disposal is provided through a private system. In August, 2016 Council received a staff report outlining Suburban Residential and Estate Suburban Residential land use designation options. On September 5, 2017 after further review Council resolved that no changes would be made to the Estate Suburban and Suburban Residential OCP policies and that residential development in these areas could proceed accordingly. The proposed application is compliant with the Official Community Plan. Zoning Bylaw: The current application proposes to rezone the subject site from RS-3 to RS-2 (see Appendix C) to permit future subdivison of two lots (see Appendix D). The minimum lot size for the current RS-3 zone is 0.8 hectares (1.98 acres), and the minimum lot size for the proposed RS-2 zone is 0.4 hectares (1.0 acre). Both lots meet the minimum lot size requirements as they are 0.57 hectares and 0.61 hectares. Development Permits: Pursuant to Section 8.10 of the OCP, a Natural Features Development Permit application is required for all development and subdivision activity or building permits for all lands with an average natural slope of greater than 15%. The purpose of the Natural Features Development Permit is to ensure the preservation, protection, restoration and enhancement of the natural environment and for development that is protected from hazardous conditions. 2023-053-RZ Page 3 of 5 The subject property is located within the Wildfire Development Permit Area. Section 8.4 of the OCP, exempts a single-family home or a subdivision resulting in the creation of not more than two residential lots from requiring a development permit. However, a restrictive covenant detailing building design and landscaping requirements will be required and registered as part of this application. Advisory Design Panel: This application does not require a report to the ADP. Development Information Meeting: A Development Information Meeting is not required for this application because it is in compliance with the OCP and is proposing less than five dwelling units. e) Interdepartmental Implications: In order to advance the current application after first reading, comments and input, will be sought from the various internal departments and external agencies listed below: a) Engineering Department; b) Environmental Section; c) Operations Department; d) Fire Department; e) Building Department; f) Parks, Recreation and Culture Department; g) School District; and h) Canada Post. The above list is intended to be indicative only and it may become necessary, as the application progresses, to liaise with agencies and/or departments not listed above. f) Development Applications: In order for this application to proceed, the following information must be provided as required by Development Procedures Bylaw No. 5879-1999 as amended: 1. A complete Rezoning Application (Schedule B); 2. A Natural Features Development Permit Application (Schedule G); and, 3. A Subdivision Application. The above list is intended to be indicative only, other applications may be necessary as the assessment of the proposal progresses. 2023-053-RZ Page 4 of 5 CONCLUSION: The development proposal is in compliance with the OCP. Therefore, it is recommended that Council grant first reading subject to additional information being provided and assessed prior to second reading. "Original Signed by Rosario Alvarado" Prepared by: Rosario Alvarado Planning Technician "Original Signed by Christine Carter" Approved by: Christine Carter, M.PL, MCIP, RPP GM'Pfanning & Development Services The following appendices are attached hereto: Appendix A -Subject Map Appendix B -Ortho Map Appendix C -Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7921-2023 Appendix D -Proposed Site Plan 2023-053-RZ "Original Signed by Mark McMullen" for Reviewed by: Charles R. Goddard, BA, MA Director of Planning "Original Signed by Scott Hartman" Concurrence: Scott Hartman Chief Administrative Officer Page 5 of 5 CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE BYLAW NO. 7921-2023 A Bylaw to amend Schedule 'A' Zoning Map forming part of Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended APPENDIX C WHEREAS, it is deemed expedient to amend Maple Ridge Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended; NOW THEREFORE, the Municipal Council of the City of Maple Ridge enacts as follows: 1. This Bylaw may be cited as "Maple Ridge Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7921-2023." 2. That parcel or tract of land and premises known and described as: Lot 19 District Lot 6881 Group 1 New Westminster District Plan 34392 and outlined in heavy black line on Map No. 2007, a copy of which is attached hereto and forms part of this Bylaw, is hereby rezoned to RS-2 (Single Detached Suburban Residential). 3. Maple Ridge Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended and Map 'A' attached thereto are hereby amended accordingly. 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J I Q t t ; h )> -0 -0 m z C, X C, TO: City of Maple Ridge His Worship Mayor Dan Ruimy and Members of Council MEETING DATE: FILE NO: FROM: Chief Administrative Officer MEETING: May 2, 2023 2021-023-RZ cow SUBJECT: Second Reading Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7762-2021 12080 228 Street EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: An application has been received to rezone the subject property located at 12080 228 Street from RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) to R-3 (Single Detached (Intensive) Urban Residential), to permit a future subdivision of three lots and a rear access lane. Council granted first reading to Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7762-2021 on July 13, 2021. This application is in compliance with the Official Community Plan (OCP). Pursuant to Council policy 6.31, this application is subject to the Community Amenity Contribution Program (CAC), and will be requested to pay $7,100 for each proposed single-family residential lot, for a total estimated amount of $21,300, or such rate applicable at third reading of this application. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. That Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7762-2021 be given second reading, and be forwarded to Public Hearing; · r-- 2. That the following terms and conditions be met prior to final reading: i) Road dedication on 228 Street as required; ii) Registration of a Statutory Right-of-Way plan on Lot 3 and agreement for lane access; iii) Registration of a No-Build Covenant on Lot 3 to provide access until the lane is developed; iv) Registration of a Restrictive Covenant for Stormwater Management; v) In addition to the Ministry of Environment Site Disclosure Statement, a disclosure statement must be submitted by a Professional Engineer advising whether there is any evidence of underground fuel storage tanks on the subject property. If so, a Stage 1 Site Investigation Report is required to ensure that the subject property is not a contaminated site; vi) That a voluntary contribution, in the amount of $21,300 ($7,100.00/lot), or such rate applicable at third reading of this application, be provided in keeping with the Council Policy 6.31 with regard to Community Amenity Contributions. 2021-023-RZ Page 1 of 5 DISCUSSION: 1. Background Context: Applicant: Legal Description: OCP: Existing: Proposed: Within Urban Area Boundary: Area Plan: OCP Major Corridor: Zoning: Existing: Proposed: Surrounding Uses: North: South: East: West: Existing Use of Property: Proposed Use of Property: Site Area: Access: Servicing Requirement: Flood Plain: Fraser Sewer Area: 2. Project Description: King Cross Constuction Jacky He Lot 302 Section 20 Township 12 New Westminster District Plan 44858 Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential Yes Town Centre Yes RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) R-3 (Single Detached (Intensive) Urban Residential) Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Single-Family Residential RS-1 (Single Deatched Residential) Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) Ground-Oriented Mu/ti-Family Single-Family Residential RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) Single-Family Residential Multi-Family Residential RM-2 (Medium Density Apartment Residential) Low-Rise Apartment Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential 0.104 hectares (0.26 acres) Rear Lane Urban Standard No Yes The current application proposes to rezone the subject property from RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) to R-3 (Single Detached (Intensive) Urban Residential) to permit future subdivision into three lots with a lane in the rear. The proposed lots will each be approximately 261 m2 (2,809.4 ft2). 2021-023-RZ Page 2 of 5 The lane is proposed to to have an average width of 6.75 m (22.1 ft.) along the east side of this property, leaving 0. 75 m (2.5 ft) to be integrated into the lane at the time of development of the adjacent property to the east (12081 Greenwell Street). As such, a Development Variance Permit will be required to allow a temporarily reduced lane width. A temporary Statutory Right-of-Way and No-Build Covenant will be required to be registered over the proposed Lot 3 to establish a temporary access to the rear lane, until such time that an adjacent property is developed and access is provided. This is similar to the approach taken for the development to the north, at 12182 228 Street. The concept plan for this block of 228 Street will eventually have the lane permanently connect to Greenwell Street at the north and south ends. 3. Planning Analysis: i) Official Community Plan: The development site is located within the Town Centre Area Plan and is currently designated Single- Family Residential. The Single-Family Residential designation supports the proposed development under the R-3 (Single Detached (Intensive) Urban Residential) zone. Policy 3-17 of the Town Centre Area supports single-family residential forms of development with rear access. The property is located in the North View Precinct of the Town Centre Area Plan. This precinct is looking for residential infill development that will offer the precinct a highly livable neighborhood, with a mix of housing types and densities. New development should capitalize on important mountain views as well as provide landscape elements that are climate-appropriate and include green features. ii) Zoning Bylaw: The current application proposes to rezone the subject property from RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) to R-3 (Single Detached (Intensive) Urban Residential) (see Appendix C) to permit subdivision into three single-family residential lots with access via rear lane. The minimum lot size for the proposed zone is 255 m2 (2,744.8 ft2) and the lot area for each of the proposed lots is approximately 261.0 m2 (2,809.4 ft2). iii) Off-Street Parking and Loading Bylaw: This development proposal meets the requirements of the Off-Street Parking and Loading Bylaw 4350- 1990. Each lot will be required to have a minimum of two off-street parking spaces on the property. Additionally, a minimum of one parking space per dwelling unit shall be provided with roughed-in infrastructure capable of providing Level 2 charging. iv) Proposed Variances: A Development Variance Permit application has been received for this project and involves the following relaxations (see Appendix E): Maple Ridge Subdivision and Servicing Bylaw No. 4800-1993 (7671-2020) 1. To vary the standard lane width requirement from 7 .5 m (24.60 ft.) to 6. 7 4 m (22.1 ft.) and 6. 76 m (22.2 ft.) 2021-023-RZ Page 3 of 5 As part of the development of this City block, a lane will be established in compliance with City requirements. Aligning the proposed development with the established lane configuration triggers a variance for reducing the lane width temporarily, until such time the adjacent property to the east (12081 Greenwell Street) develops and the remainder of the typical lane width of 7 .5 m can be constructed. Staff will support the variance for a temporary reduced lane width. The requested variance to the Subdivision and Servicing Bylaw requirements will be the subject of a future Council report. v) Development Permits: Pursuant to Section 8.8 of the OCP, an Intensive Residential Development Permit application is required to ensure the current proposal provides emphasis on high standards in aesthetics and quality of the built environment, while protecting important qualities of the natural environment. vi) Advisory Design Panel: This application does not require a review by the Advisory Design Panel as the proposal is for single- family residences. vii) Development Information Meeting: This application does not require a Development Information Meeting as the proposal is less than five dwelling units and does not trigger a change in the Official Community Plan (OCP). 4. Environmental Implications: A tree permit will be required for the removal, protection and/or replacement of trees. There are two significant trees that will be removed to support subdivision of this lot. A $1800 cash-in-lieu will be required for this compensation. Stormwater management plans will be required for any future site development and construction to ensure that local slopes and watercourses are not impacted. These need to be coordinated with protected trees, grading, drainages and landscaping plans. Additionally, landscaping plans are to be coordinated with drainage and stormwater management plans. 5. i) Interdepartmental Implications: Engineering Department: The Engineering Department has indicated that the following servicing upgrades will be required through the Rezoning Servicing Agreement: • Road dedication as required to meet the design criteria of the Subdivision and Development Bylaw No. 4800-1993 • Utility servicing as required to meet the design criteria of the Subdivision and Development Bylaw No. 4800-1993 • Frontage upgrades to the applicable road standard 2021-023-RZ Page 4 of 5 ii) Parks, Recreation and Culture Department: There are no comments or concerns from the Parks, Recreation and Culture Department at this time. iii) Fire Department: There are no comments or concerns from the Fire Department at this time. 6. School District No. 42 Comments: A referral was sent to School District No. 42 on October 20, 2022 and the following comments were received (see Appendix E): The proposed application would affect the student population for catchment areas served by Harry Hoage Elementary and Thomas Haney Secondary School. Harry Hoage Elementary has an operating capacity of 402 students, and is currently operating at 119% utilization with 452 students. Thomas Haney Secondary has an operating capacity of 1,084 students and is currently operating at 90% utilization. Though Harry Hoage Elementary is currently over-utilized, 139 of the 452 students currently enrolled at this school are from out of catchment. CONCLUSION: The development proposal is in compliance with the OCP, therefore, it is recommended that second reading be given to Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7762-2021 and that application 2021-023-RZ be forwarded to Public Hearing. "Original Signed by Annie Slater-Kinghorn" Prepared by: Annie Slater-Kinghorn, BA Planning Technician "Original Signed by Christine Carter" Approved by: Christine Carter, M.PL, MCIP, RPP GM Planning & Development Services The following appendices are attached hereto: Appendix A -Subject Map Appendix B -Ortho Map Appendix C -Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7762-2021 Appendix D -Site Plan Appendix E -School District No. 42 Referral Comments 2021-023-RZ "Original Signed by Charles R. Goddard" Reviewed by: Charles R. Goddard, BA, MA Director of Planning "Original Signed by Scott Hartman" Concurrence: Scott Hartman Chief Administrative Officer Page 5 of 5 CllY OF MAPLE RIDGE BYLAW NO. 7762-2021 A Bylaw to amend Schedule "A" Zoning Bylaw Map forming part of Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended .APPENDIX C WHEREAS, it is deemed expedient to amend Maple Ridge Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended; NOW THEREFORE, the Municipal Council of the City of Maple Ridge enacts as follows: 1. This Bylaw may be cited as "Maple Ridge Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7762-2021." 2. That/Those parcel (s) or tract (s) of land and premises known and described as: Lot 302, Section 20, Township 12, New Westminster District Plan 44858 and outlined in heavy black line on Map No. 1890 a copy of which is attached hereto and forms part of this Bylaw, is/are hereby rezoned to R-3 (Single Detached (Intensive) Urban Residential). 3. Maple Ridge Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended and Map "A" attached thereto are hereby amended accordingly. READ a first time the 13th day of July, 2021. READ a second time the PUBLIC HEARING held the READ a third time the day of day of day of ,20 ,20 ,20 APPROVED by the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure this day of ,20 ADOPTED, the day of ,20 PRESIDING MEMBER CORPORATE OFFICER l9&1M• TO: mapleridge.ca City of Maple Ridge His Worship Mayor Dan Ruimy and Members of Council MEETING DATE: FILE NO: FROM: Chief Administrative Officer MEETING: May 2, 2023 2021 :092-RZ cow SUBJECT: Second Reading Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7754-2021 12414 216 Street EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: An application has been received to rezone the subject property located at 12414 216 Street from RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) to R-1 Single Detached (Low Density) Urban Residential, to permit a future subdivision of two lots. Council granted first reading to Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7754-2021 on May 25, 2021. This application is in compliance with the Official Community Plan. Pursuant to Council Policy 6.31, this application is subject to the Community Amenity Contribution (CAC) Program at a rate of $7,100.00 per single-family lot (the original lot is exempt), for an estimated total amount of $7,100.00, or such rate applicable at third reading of this application. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. That Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7754-2021 be given second reading, and be forwarded to Public Hearing; and further 2. That the following terms and conditions be met prior to final reading:. i) Registration of a Rezoning Servicing Agreement as a Restrictive Covenant and receipt of the deposit of a security, as outlined in the Agreement; ii) Road dedication on 216 Street and 124 Avenue as required; iii) Registration of a Restrictive Covenant for Stormwater Management. iv) Removal of existing buildings; v) In addition to the Ministry of Environment Site Disclosure Statement, a disclosure statement must be submitted by a Professional Engineer advising whether there is any evidence of underground fuel storage tanks on the subject property. If so, a Stage 1 Site Investigation Report is required to ensure that the subject property is not a contaminated site. vi) That a voluntary contribution, in the amount of $7,100.00, or such rate applicable at third reading of this application, be, provided in keeping with the Council Policy 6.31 with regard to Community Amenity Contributions. 2021-092-RZ Page 1 of 5 DISCUSSION: 1. Background Context: Applicant: Legal Description: OCP: Existing: Proposed: Within Urban Area Boundary: OCP Major Corridor: Zoning: Existing: Proposed: Surrounding Uses: North: South: East: West: Existing Use of Property: Proposed Use of Property: Site Area: Access: Servicing Requirement: Flood Plain: Fraser Sewer Area: 2021-092-RZ Mayur Mehta Lot 1, District Lot 244, Group 1, New Westminster District Plan 10924 Urban Residential Urban Residential Yes Yes RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) R-1 (Single Detached (Low Density) Urban Residential) Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Single-Family Residential RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) Urban Residential Single-Family Residential Zone: RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) (This property is subject to an active rezoning application (2021-571-RZ) to allow rezoning to the R-1 zone) Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Urban Residential Single-Family Residential RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) Urban Residential Single-Family Residential RS-1a (Single Detached (Amenity) Residential) Urban Residential Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential 0.121 hectares (0.3 acres) 124 Avenue Urban Standard No Yes Page 2 of 5 2. Project Description: The subject property is bound by 124 Avenue to the south, 216 Street to the west and single-family residential to the east and north (Appendix A & B). The current application proposes to rezone the subject property from RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) to R-1 (Single Detached (Low Density) Urban ~Residential), in order to subdivide into two single-family residential lots approximately 557 .om2 (5,995.5ft2) and 545.om2 (5,866.3ft2) in area (Appendix D). 3. Planning Analysis: i) Official Community Plan: The development site is located at 12414 216 Street and is designated Urban Residential in the Official Community Plan (OCP). Both 216 Street and 124 Avenue are designated as Major Corridor under the OCP. The Major Corridor Residential Infill policies support smaller single-family lots as well as multi-family developments. These policies ensure that the development is compatible with the surrounding neighbourhood. Policy 3-22 stipulates that particular attention to compatibility with site design, massing, setbacks and lot configuration of the established neighbourhoods is required. The current proposal is reflective of the adjacent single-family neighbourhood while providing infill densification. Additionally, there is a similar development application (2021-571-RZ) to rezone the property to the south from RS-1 to R-1 for the future subdivision of two, comparably sized lots. Both of these development proposals are characterized as larger lots being subdivided into smaller lots to accommodate new single-family dwellings under the R-1 zone. The application to rezone the property to the R-1 (Single Detached (Low Density) Urban Residential) zone is compliant with the OCP Infill Policies and is supportable. ii) Zoning Bylaw: The current application proposes to rezone the subject property from RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) to R-1 (Single Detached (Low Density) Urban Residential) to permit future subdivision into two lots (see Appendix D). The minimum lot size for the proposed zone is 371.0m2 (3,993.4ft2). The proposed subdivision would create two single-family lots approximately 557 .Om2 (5,995.5ft2) and 545.om2 (5,866.3ft2) in area. Both proposed lots exceed the required minimum lot area, the minimum lot width of 13.5m (44.3ft.) for a lot on a street corner and 12.0m (39.4ft) for a regular lot, as well as the lot depth of 24.0m (78.7ft) within the R-1 zone. The proposed lot width of Lot 1 is approximately 16.4 m (53.8 ft) and the lot depth is approximately 32.4m (106.3ft). The proposed lot width of Lot 2 is approximately 16.8m (55.2ft) and the lot depth is approximately 32.4m (106.3ft). The current height provision of the RS-1 zone is 8.0m, measured at the mid-point of the roof structure. The proposed R-1 zone permits a higher building height of 9.5m at the mid-point of the roof or said another way, a three storey structure. Should Council have a concern with this, a restrictive covenant could be required to limit the building height to 8.0m as per the RS-1 zone. iii) Off-Street Parking and Loading Bylaw: Each proposed dwelling unit will require a minimum of two off-street parking spaces. A minimum of one off-street parking space per dwelling unit shall be provided with roughed-in infrastructure capable of providing Level 2 charging. Visitor parking is not required for single-family dwellings. Bike parking will be accommodated within the garage of the single-family dwelling. 2021-092-RZ Page 3 of 5 i) Advisory Design Panel: A Development Permit is not required; therefore, the application was not required to be reviewed by the Advisory Design Panel. ii) Development Information Meeting: The proposed development is 9reating two single-family residential lots, and therefore a Development Information Meeting is not required for this application. iii) Parkland Requirement: As there are less than three lots being created, the application will not be subject to the park dedication requirements of Section 510 of the Local Government Act prior to subdivision approval. 4. Environmental Implications: An arborist report has been submitted by the applicant and reviewed. A total of ten trees have been identified on the subject site. Of these, all trees have been identified for removal including a significant Red Maple. Due to the location of the significant Red Maple, the applicant has proposed to remove it as it conflicts with the building footprint of the proposed single-family residence. There will be a Cash-In-Lieu amount of $3,600 for the loss of this Significant Tree, plus five replacement trees or a cash-in-lieu amount will be required. Interdepartmental Implications: i) ii) Engineering Department: The Engineering Department has indicated that the following servicing upgrades will be required through the Rezoning Servicing Agreement: • Road dedication as required to meet the design criteria of the Subdivision and Development Bylaw No. 4800-1993. • Utility servicing as required to meet the design criteria of the Subdivision and Development Bylaw No. 4800-1993. • Frontage upgrades to the applicable road standard. Parks. Recreation and Culture Department: No concerns, the Trans-Canada Trail follows 124 Avenue along the current sidewalk. Additionally, the existing bike lanes will continue to follow along 216 Street. iii) Fire Department: No concerns. 2021-092-RZ Page 4 of 5 5. School District No. 42 Comments: A referral was sent to School District No. 42 and they provided a response on April 21, 2023, which is attached to this report as Appendix E. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that second reading be given to Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7754-2021, and that application 2021-092-RZ be forwarded to Public Hearing. "Original Signed by April Crockett" Prepared by: April Crockett Planning Technician "Original Signed by Christine Carter" Approved by: Christine Carter, M.PL, MCIP, RPP GM Planning & Development Services The following appendices are attached hereto: Appendix A -Subject Map Appendix B -Ortho Map Appendix C -Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7754-2021 Appendix D -Subdivision Plan Appendix E -Response from School District No. 42 2021-092-RZ "Original Signed by Mark McMullen" for Reviewed by: Charles R. Goddard, BA, MA Director of Planning "Original Signed by Scott Hartman" Concurrence: Scott Hartman Chief Administrative Officer Page 5 of 5 CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE BYLAW NO. 7754-2021 A Bylaw to amend Schedule 11A11 Zoning Bylaw Map forming part of Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended APPENDIXC WHEREAS, it is deemed expedient to amend Maple Ridge Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended; NOW THEREFORE, the Municipal Council of the City of Maple Ridge enacts as follows: 1. This Bylaw may be cited as "Maple Ridge Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7754-2021!' 2. That parcel or tract of land and premises known and described as: Lot 1 District Lot 244 Group 1 New Westminster District Plan 10924 and outlined in heavy black line on Map No. 1889 a copy of which is attached hereto and forms part of this Bylaw, is hereby rezoned to R-1 Single Detached (Low Density) Urban Residential. 3. Maple Ridge Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended and Map 1'N1 attached thereto are hereby amended accordingly. 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Ga s Me t e r @ Wa t e r Mo t o r El Ju n c t i o n Bo x Sc a l e : 1: 25 0 Da t e : De c . 17 t h , 20 2 0 Fil e : MR 2 0 - 7 1 1 TO P O )> -0 -0 IT I z C, >< C, TO: City of Maple Ridge His Worship Mayor Dan Ruimy and Members of Council MEETING DATE: May 2, 2023 FILE NO: 2021-571-RZ FROM: Chief Administrative Officer MEETING: Co W SUBJECT: Second Reading Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7821-2021 12390 216 Street EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: An application has been received to rezone the subject property located at 12390 216 Street from RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) to R-1 (Single Detached (Low Density) Urban Residential), in order to permit a future subdivision of two lots. Council granted first reading to Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7821-2021 on January 25, 2022. This application is in compliance with the Official Community Plan. Pursuant to Council Policy 6.31, this application is subject to the Community Amenity Contribution (CAC) Program at a rate of $7,100.00 per single-family lot (the original lot is exempt), for an estimated total amount of $7,100.00, or such rate applicable at third reading of this application. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. That Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7821-2021 be given second reading, and be forwarded to Public Hearing; 2. That the following terms and conditions be met prior to final reading: i} Registration of a Rezoning Servicing Agreement as a Restrictive Covenant and receipt of the deposit of a security, as outlined in the Agreement; ii} Road dedication on 216 Street and 124 Avenue as required; iii} Registration of a Restrictive Covenant for Stormwater Management. iv} Removal of existing buildings; v} In addition to the Ministry of Environment Site Disclosure Statement, a disclosure statement must be submitted by a Professional Engineer advising whether there is any evidence of underground fuel storage tanks on the subject property. If so, a Stage 1 Site Investigation Report is required to ensure that the subject property is not a contaminated site. vi} That a voluntary contribution, in the amount of $7,100, or such rate applicable at third reading of this application, be provided in keeping with the Council Policy 6.31 with regard to Community Amenity Contributions. 2021-571-RZ Page 1 of 5 DISCUSSION: 1. Background Context: Applicant: Legal Description: OCP: Mayur Mehta Lot B, District Lot 245, New Westminster District Plan 17760 Existing: Urban Residential Proposed: Urban Residential Within Urban Area Boundary: Yes OCP Major Corridor: Yes Zoning: Existing: Proposed: Surrounding Uses: North: South: East: West: Existing Use of Property: Proposed Use of Property: Site Area: Access: Servicing Requirement: Flood Plain: Fraser Sewer Area: 2021-571-RZ RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) R-1 (Single Detached (Low Density) Urban Residential) Use: Single-Family Residential Zone: RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) (This property is subject to an active rezoning application (2021-092-RZ) to allow the rezoning to the R-1 zone) Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Urban Residential Single-Family Residential RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) Urban Residential Single-Family Residential RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) Urban Residential Single-Family Residential RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) Urban Residential Single-family Residential Single-family Residential 934. 7m2 (10,061.0ft2) 124 Avenue Urban Standard No Yes Page 2 of 5 2. Project Description: The subject property is bound by 124 Avenue to the north, 216 Street to the west and single-family residential to the east and south (Appendix A & B). The property contains seven trees and it is bound by hedges along both fronting streets. The current application proposes to rezone the subject property from RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) to R-1 (Single Detached (Low Density) Urban Residential), in order to subdivide into two single-family residential lots approximately 4 70.3 m2 (5,062.3 ft2) and 378.6 m2 (4,075.2 ft2) in area (Appendix D). 3. Planning Analysis: i) Official Community Plan: The subject property is located at 12390 216 Street and is designated Urban Residential in the Official Community Plan. Both 216 Street and 124 Avenue are designated as Major Corridor under the OCP. The Major Corridor Residential Infill policies support multi-family developments and smaller single- family lots. These policies also provide criteria for compatibility with the surrounding neighbourhood, with particular attention given to site design, massing, setbacks and lot configuration with the existing development pattern in the area. The current proposal is reflective of the surrounding single-family neighbourhood while providing infill densification that fits with the surrounding character. In addition, there is a similar development application (2021-092-RZ) to the north that proposes to rezone the property from RS-1 to R-1 in order to subdivide into two, comparably sized lots (Appendix A). Both of these development proposals are characterized as larger lots being subdivided into smaller lots to accommodate new single-family dwellings under the R-1 zoning. The application to rezone the property to the R-1 (Single Detached (Low Density) Urban Residential) zone is compliant with the OCP Infill Policies and is supportable. ii) Zoning Bylaw: The current application proposes to rezone the subject property from RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) to R-1 (Single Detached (Low Density) Urban Residential) to permit future subdivision into two lots (see Appendix D). The minimum lot size for the proposed zone is 371.om2 (3,993.4ft2). The proposed subdivision would create two single-family lots approximately 470.3m2 (5,062.3ft2) and 378.6 m2 (4,075.2ft2) in area. Both lots exceed the required minimum lot width of 13.5 m (42.7 ft.) for a lot on a street corner and 12m (39.4ft) for a regular lot. The proposed lots have a lot width of approximately 21.1 m (69.1 ft) for Lot 1 and 17.0 m (55.8 ft) for Lot 2. The proposed lot depth for both lots is approximately 22. 7m (7 4.5ft). The current height provision of the RS-1 zone is 8.0m, measured at the mid-point of the roof structure. The proposed R-1 zone permits a higher building height of 9.5m at the mid-point of the roof or said another way, a three-storey structure. Should Council have a concern with this, a restrictive covenant could be required to limit the building height to 8.0m as per the RS-1 zone. iii) Off-Street Parking and Loading Bylaw: Each proposed dwelling unit will require a minimum of two off-street parking spaces. A minimum of one off-street parking space per dwelling unit shall be provided with roughed-in infrastructure capable of providing Level 2 charging. Visitor parking is not required for single-family dwellings. Bike parking will be accommodated within the single-family dwelling. 2021-571-RZ Page 3 of 5 iv) Proposed Variances: The required lot depth in the R-1 zone is 24.0 m (78.7 ft) and as such, a Development Variance Permit will be required to permit a reduced lot depth in the proposed lots. A Development Variance Permit application has been received for this project and involves the following relaxation for both lots (see Appendix D): 1) Reducing the lot depth from 24.0m (78. 7ft) to approximately 22. 7m (7 4.5ft). The requested variances to the R-1 zone will be the subject of a future Council report. v) Advisory Design Panel: A Development Permit is not required; therefore, the application was not required to be reviewed by the Advisory Design Panel. vi) Development Information Meeting: The proposed development is creating two single-family residential lots, and therefore a Development Information Meeting is not required for this application. vii) Parkland Requirement: As there are less than three lots being created, the application will not be subject to the park dedication requirements of Section 510 of the Local Government Act prior to subdivision approval. 4. Environmental Implications: An arborist report has been submitted by the applicant and reviewed. A total of seven trees have been identified on the subject site. Of these, four trees have been identified for removal as they conflict with the proposed construction plan. Additionally, four replacement trees (two per lot) or a cash-in-lieu amount will be required. Street trees have also been identified as an Engineering requirement along 216 Street and 124 Avenue. 5. Interdepartmental Implications: i) Engineering Department: ii) The Engineering Department has indicated that the following servicing upgrades will be required through the Rezoning Servicing Agreement: • Road dedication as required to meet the design criteria of the Subdivision and Development Bylaw No. 4800-1993. • Utility servicing as required to meet the design criteria of the Subdivision and Development Bylaw No. 4800-1993. • Frontage upgrades to the applicable road standard. Parks. Recreation and Culture Department: The Trans-Canada Trail follows 124 Avenue along the current sidewalk. Additionally, the existing bike lanes will continue to follow along 216 Street. 2021-571-RZ Page 4 of 5 iii) Fire Department: No concerns. 6. School District No. 42 Comments: A referral was sent to School District No. 42 and they provided a respon·se on April 21, 2023, which is attached to this report as Appendix E. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that second reading be given to Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7821-2021, and that application 2021-571-RZ be forwarded to Public Hearing. "Original Signed by April Crockett" Prepared by: April Crockett Planning Technician "Original Signed by Christine Carter" Approved by: Christine Carter, M.PL, MCIP, RPP GM Planning & Development Services The following appendices are attached hereto: Appendix A -Subject Map Appendix B -Ortho Map Appendix C -Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7821-2021 Appendix D -Subdivision Plan Appendix E -Response from School District No. 42 2021-571-RZ "Original Signed by Charles R. Goddard" Reviewed by: Charles R. Goddard, BA, MA Director of Planning "Original Signed by Scott Hartman" Concurrence: Scott Hartman Chief Administrative Officer Page 5 of 5 CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE BYLAW NO. 7821-2021 A Bylaw to amend Schedule "A" Zoning Bylaw Map forming part of Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended APPENDIXC WHEREAS, it is deemed expedient to amend Maple Ridge Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended; NOW THEREFORE, the Municipal Council of the City of Maple Ridge enacts as follows: 1. This Bylaw may be cited as "Maple Ridge Zone Amending Bylaw No. 7821-2021." 2. That parcel of land and premises known and described as: Lot B District Lot 245 New Westminster District Plan 17760 and outlined in heavy black line on Map No. 1945 a copy of which is attached hereto and forms part of this Bylaw, is hereby rezoned to R-1 (Single Detached (Low Density) Urban Residential). 3. Maple Ridge Zoning Bylaw No. 7600-2019 as amended and Map "A" attached thereto are hereby amended accordingly. 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The requested variance is: 1. To reduce the minimum Right-of-Way for the existing Standard Lane at the rear of 20523 Lorne Avenue from the required 7.5m (24.61 ft.) to 6.0m (19.69 ft.). The proposed variance is supported as all required services can be accommodated within the reduced Right-of-Way and adequate access to the proposed parking is provided. RECOMMENDATION: That the Corporate Officer be authorized to sign and seal 2023-022-DVP respecting property located at 20523 Lorne Avenue. DISCUSSION: a) Background Context Applicant: Legal Description: OCP: Existing: Proposed: Within Urban Area Boundary: Area Plan: OCP Major Corridor: OCP: Existing: Proposed: 2023-022-VP George Sali Lot 670 District Lot 279 Group 1 New Westminster District Plan 2180 SFCR (Single-Family & Compact Residential) SFCR (Single-Family & Compact Residential) Yes Hammond Area Plan No RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) Page 1 of 3 Surrounding Uses: North: South: East: West: Existing Use of Property: Proposed Use of Property: Site Area: Access: Servicing Requirement: Flood Plain: Fraser Sewer Area: Concurrent or Previous Applications: b) Project Description: Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Single Detached Residential RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) SFCR (Single-Family & Compact Residential) Single Detached Residential RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) SFCR (Single-Family & Compact Residential) Single Detached Residential RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) SFCR (Single-Family & Compact Residential) Single Detached Residential RS-1 (Single Detached Residential) SFCR (Single-Family & Compact Residential) Single Family Residential Single Family Residential and Detached Garden Suite Residential 630m2 (0.16 acre) Lorne Avenue and Rear Lane Urban Standard No Yes BG22-115806 Building Permit application BG22-115806 has been received to construct a Detached Garden Suite to the rear of an existing single family dwelling at the subject property. The subject property is a 630m2 (0.16 acre) parcel with access from Lorne Avenue and from a rear lane (see Appendix A and B). The property is located in the Hammond community, near Hammqnd Elementary, Hammond Park and the Maple Meadows Translink station. The Official Community Plan's designation of the subject property, Single-Family & Compact Residential, supports the use of Detached Garden Suites as a supplementary housing form that can increase density in established communities. Detached Garden Suites are an important form that adds to the City's supply of rental housing options and are intended as a secondary residence for rental or to accommodate a family member. The City's Housing Action Plan provides strong direction to support the development of a mix of housing forms and create new rental housing opportunities including Detached Garden Suites. Currently Detached Garden Suites are limited to 90m2 (968 ft2) in size (or 10% of the lot area) and must have one off-street parking space dedicated to the suite. The siting of the proposed Detached Garden Suite meets the required setbacks of 1.5m (4.92 ft.) from the interior and rear lot lines (see Appendix C). At this time, no other variances have been requested for this application. 2023-022-VP Page 2 of 3 c) Variance Analysis: The Subdivision and Development Servicing Bylaw No. 4800-1993 establishes regulations for development, including Required Highway Right-of-Way widths. A Development Variance Permit allows Council some flexibility in the approval process. The requested variance and rationale for support is described qelow (see Appendix C): 1. Subdivision and Development Servicing Bylaw No. 4800-1993, Schedule C -Required Right- of-Way Widths: To reduce the minimum Right-of-Way for the existing Standard Lane at the rear of 20523 Lorne Avenue from 7.5m (24.61 ft.) to 6.0m (19.69 ft.). This variance is supported as the applicant has provided a 0.71m (2.34 ft:) road dedication along the rear property line which, in addition to the existing Right-of-Way, will accommodate all required services and provide an adequate turning radius into the proposed parking for the Detached Garden Suite. The proposed Detached Garden Suite will be sited 1.5m (4.92 ft.) from the adjusted rear property line. d) Citizen/Customer Implications: In accordance with the Development Procedures Bylaw No. 5879-1999, notice of Council consideration of a resolution to issue a Development Variance Permit was mailed to all. owners or tenants in occupation of all parcels, any parts of which are adjacent to the property that is subject to the permit. CONCLUSION: The proposed variance is supported as all required services can be accommodated within the reduced Right-of-Way and adequate access to the proposed parking is provided. Detached Garden Suites provide an additional housing form that increases the City's housing supply and are an efficient use of land and resources. It is therefore recommended that this application be favourably considered and the Corporate Officer be authorized to sign and seal Development Variance Permit 2023-022-DVP. "Original Signed by Erin Mark" Prepared by: Erin Mark Planning Technician "Original Signed by Christine Carter" Approved by: Christine Carter, M.PL, MCIP, RPP GM Planning & Development Services The following appendices are attached hereto: Appendix A -Subject Map Appendix B -Ortho Map Appendix C -Site Plan showing proposed variance 2023-022-VP "Original Signed by Charles R. Goddard" Reviewed by: Charles R. Goddard, BA, MA Director of Planning "Original Signed by Scott Hartman" Concurrence: Scott Hartman Chief Administrative Officer Page 3 of 3 APPENDIXC . . . . ··-··-··J_··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··_j_··-··-·· ---R-ed_u_c-ed-La_n_e____ I Right-of-Way Variance from 7.Sm (24.61 ft.) to 6.0m (19.69 ft.) N A , , I . I . L'.J .. I . , I '1--· -··---~----i--------------~---··-· Lorne Avenue l~1•• TO: mapleridge.ca City of Maple Ridge His Worship Mayor Dan Ruimy and Members of Council MEETING DATE: May 2, 2023 FILE NO: 2023-055-VP FROM: Chief Administrative Officer MEETING: C o W SUBJECT: Development Variance Permit 28621104 Avenue and 10455 287 Street EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Development Variance Permit application 2023-055-VP has been received in conjunction with a subdivision application 2018-231-SD to permit a subdivision into 4 lots. The requested variance is: Maple Ridge Subdivision and Development Servicing Bylaw No. 4800-1993: Part 4, Section B (4) • To waive the requirement to improve surfacing, curbing, drainage, or other works identified in Schedule A on existing highways within or immediately adjacent to a proposed subdivision or development, to the standard prescribed in the bylaw, where the standard is less than that prescribed by the bylaw for the existing zone. The variance to waive required improvements to 104 Avenue and 287 Street is requested, as supported by the Engineering Department, in consideration of an existing habitat protection covenant for a watercourse (roadside drainage ditch) and its riparian habitat along the north side of 104 Avenue and in consideration of the adequate capacity and services along 104 Avenue and 287 Street for the proposed low-density development in a rural area. The watercourse and its riparian habitat would be negatively impacted if the required improvements along 104 Avenue are not waived. There is no through traffic on these roads since 287 Street terminates to the northeast of the subject properties. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. That the Corporate Officer be authorized to sign and seal 2023-055-VP respecting the properties located at 28621104 Avenue and 10455 287 Street. DISCUSSION: a} Background Context: Applicant: Legal Description: OCP Designation: Existing: Proposed: 2023-055-VP Justin Endresen Lot 5 Section 9 Township 15 New Westminster District Plan 66081; Lot 13 Section 9 Township 14 New Westminster District Plan 66392 Rural Residential Rural Residential Page 1 of 4 Within Urban Area Boundary: No OCP Major Corridor: No Zoning: Existing: Proposed: Surrounding Uses: North: South: East: West: Use of Property: Existing: Proposed: Site Area: Proposed Access: Servicing Requirement: Fraser Sewer Area: Flood Plain: Relevant Applications: Current: Past: 2023-055-VP RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) RS-3 (Single Detached Rural Residential) Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Use: Zone: Designation: Agricultural; Agricultural; Single Detached Residential A-2 (Upland Agricultural) Rural Residential Agricultural; Single Detached Residential A-2 (Upland Agricultural) Rural Residential Agricultural; Single Detached Residential A-1 (Small Holding Agricultural) Rural Residential Agricultural; Single Detached Residential; A-2 (Upland Agricultural) Rural Residential Single Detached Residential Agricultural; Single Detached Residential 8.8 hectares (22 acres) 104 Avenue; 287 Street Rural Standard No No 2018-231-SD 2018-231-RZ 2018-231-DP (Watercourse Protection DP) Page 2 of 4 b) Site Characteristics: The subject properties are located at the northwest corner of the intersection of 104 Avenue and 287 Street and have a total area of 8.8 hectares (22 acres) (see Appendices A and B). They are interspersed with trees and slope gradually from the west to 287 Street, which marks its highest point. The environmental consultant identified three watercourses and two ponds on the subject properties, as well as a drainage ditch along the west side of 287 Street. One of the watercourses identified by the environmental consultant is a drainage ditch along the north side of 104 Avenue. The subject properties are bounded by agricultural land and single detached residences to the north and west. To the east, there is 287 Street with agricultural land and single detached residences across the road. To the south, there is 104 Avenue with agricultural land and single detached residences across the road. One of the subject properties has a single detached residence and agricultural use/structures on it with vehicular access from 104 Avenue. The subject property to the east has a single detached residence and agricultural use on it with vehicular access from 287 Street. c) Project Description: The applicant is proposing to subdivide the properties into four lots (see Appendix C). Each proposed lot would have a minimum site area of 2 hectares (5 acres). The existing single detached residences on the subject properties would be retained and would utilize the existing vehicular accesses from 104 Avenue and 287 Street. After the proposed subdivision, the new lots without an existing single detached residence would have vehicular access from 287 Street. d) Variance Analysis The subject Development Variance Permit application involves the following variance: Maple Ridge Subdivision and Development Servicing Bylaw No. 4800-1993: Part 4, Section B (4) • To waive the requirement to improve surfacing, curbing, drainage, or other works identified in Schedule A on existing highways within or immediately adjacent to a proposed subdivision or development, to the standard prescribed in the bylaw, where the standard is less than that prescribed by the bylaw for the existing zone. The variance to waive required improvements to 104 Avenue and 287 Street is requested, as supported by the Engineering Department, in consideration of an existing habitat protection covenant for a watercourse (roadside drainage ditch) and its riparian habitat along the north side of 104 Avenue and in consideration of the adequate capacity and services along 104 Avenue and 287 Street for the proposed low-density development in a rural area. The watercourse and its riparian habitat would be negatively impacted if the required improvements along 104 Avenue are not waived. There is no through traffic on these roads since 287 Street terminates to the northeast of the subject properties. The environmental consultant for the project identified the roadside drainage ditch along the north side of 104 Avenue as a watercourse requiring habitat protection. Staff have confirmed that a habitat protection covenant was established for the watercourse and its riparian habitat and that no further protection is required. 2023-055-VP Page 3 of 4 e) Citizen/Customer Implications: In accordance with Development Procedures Bylaw No. 5879-1999, notice of Council consideration of a resolution to issue a Development Variance Permit was mailed to all owners or tenants in occupation of all parcels, any parts of which are adjacent to the property that is subject to the permit. CONCLUSION: The proposed variance is supported by City staff. It is recommended that the subject application be favourably considered and the Corporate Officer be authorized to sign and seal Development Variance Permit 2023-055-VP. "Original Signed by Daniel Rajasooriar" Prepared by: Daniel Rajasooriar, MRM Planner "Original Signed by Christine Carter" Approved by: Christine Carter, M.PL, MCIP, RPP GM Planning & Development Services The following appendices are attached hereto: Appendix A -Subject Map Appendix B -Ortho Map Appendix C -Proposed Subdivision Plan Appendix D -Draft Development Variance Permit 2023-055-VP "Original Signed by Charles R. Goddard" Reviewed by: Charles R. Goddard, BA, MA Director of Planning "Original Signed by Scott Hartman" Concurrence: Scott Hartman Chief Administrative Officer Page 4 of 4 II II / .- · • - - - // !1 ' - · 1,/ 11 ,, / f . l > w/ / ) - - - . :: : ) '' / z/ 1 WI ' >I <( ' .c ... . . . . -= ; t - 0 Z 1~ 6 f t I ar r RE O I J f f l £ M E N 1 Z . 1 l° i ~ 1 8 J CIT Y RE Q U I R E M O O S , PL A N 66 0 6 1 .- : . : ~ - - ~ - - .- _-·· -- - - - - - - ~ - " · - · · ! PL A C E A MIN I M U M OF 30 0 m m TH I C K AM E N D E D SO I L S ON AL L DIS T U R B E D AR E A S . ! ! 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E V A 1 l O N 90 . 9 7 0 ME l R E S . I EG A I DfS G B I P D O N · PL A N 86 0 8 1 . lO l 5 .!: EV E R T E K EN G I N E E R I N G 20 2 - 2 6 9 2 CL E A R B R O O K RO A D , A8 8 0 T S F O R D , 8. C . V2 T 3Y 8 TE L E P H O N E (6 0 4 ) 77 6 - 0 2 2 2 PL A N 68 . 3 9 2 . LO T 13 , src . 9, T.P . 1s , N.w . o . • Ev e r t e k En g i n e e r i n g TI- I E CI T Y OF MA P L E RID G E KE Y PL A N / S I T E SE R V I C I N G MA P t . £ RID C C . s.c 28 6 2 1 - 1 0 4 AV E . / 1 0 4 5 5 28 7 s1 . 1 : . : ; •• 1 "' 2 I 10 0 2 5 2 )> "' C "' C m z 0 X (" ) DEVELOPMENT VARIANCE PERMIT NO. 2023-055-VP TO: SCOTT ANTHONY DRIEMEL 10455 287 ST MAPLE RIDGE BC V2W 1L5 (the "Permittee") LISA HELEN ROBINSON 13086238ST MAPLE RIDGE BC V4R 2S4 (the "Permittee") APPENDIX D 1. This Development Variance Permit (the "Permit") is issued subject to compliance with all the Bylaws of the City of Maple Ridge (the "Municipality") applicable thereto, except as specifically varied or supplemented by this Permit. 2. This Permit applies to, and only to those lands within the Municipality described below and any and all buildings, structures, and other development thereon: Lot 5 Section 9 Township 15 New Westminster District Plan 66081; Lot 13 Section 9 Township 14 New Westminster District Plan 66392 (the "Lands") 3. Part 4, Section B (4) of Maple Ridge Subdivision and Development Servicing Bylaw No. 4800- 1993, as amended, outlines how where the standard of surfacing, curbing, drainage, or other works identified in Schedule A on existing highways within or immediately adjacent to a proposed subdivision or development is less than that prescribed by the bylaw for the existing zone, they shall be improved by the applicant to the standard prescribed in the bylaw. It is varied as follows: The required improvement of surfacing, curbing, drainage, or other works identified in Schedule A on existing highways within or immediately adjacent to a proposed subdivision or development, to the standard prescribed in the bylaw, where the standard is less than that prescribed by the bylaw for the existing zone, is hereby waived. 4. The Lands described herein shall be developed strictly in accordance with the terms and conditions and provisions of this Permit and any plans and specifications attached to this Permit which shall form a part hereof. 5. If the Permittee does not substantially commence the development permitted by this Permit within 24 months of the date of Council Authorization of this Permit, _______ _ this Permit shall lapse. 6. This Permit is not a Building Permit. 2023-055-VP Page 1 of 2 AUTHORIZING RESOLUTION passed by the Council_ day of _____ , 20_. ISSUED on the_ day of _____ , 20_. The following appendices are attached hereto: Appendix A -Subject Map Appendix B -Ortho Map Appendix C -Proposed Subdivision Plan 2023-055-VP CORPORATE OFFICER Page 2 of 2 In contrast, the Financial Statements are a retrospective document that provides snapshot of the City's financial condition as at December 31 of the yearthatjust ended. The statements compare our actual financial performance in the year to the activities identified in the applicable Financial Plan. The Community Charter requires municipalities to prepare the Financial Statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for local governments. In Canada, those principles are set by the PSAB. The objective of a municipality's Financial Statements is to report on its financial condition at a point in time and its financial performance for the year just ended. The differing objectives of the Financial Plan and the Financial Statements, combined with the different rules guiding their preparation, can easily result in confusion when trying to compare the two documents. For example, the Financial Plan treats transfers to and from Reserves as transactions, while the Financial Statements, at the summary consolidated level, ignore transfers as they take place within the corporate entity. It is important to keep the different rules and objectives in mind as we look at financial results for 2022. The 2022 Statements present the City's results of operations during the year and the financial position as at December 31, 2022. Financial performance is compared to the Financial Plan adopted in May of 2022 as this was the plan used to set property taxation rates, and to prior year results. The transactions included in the Financial Statements are those that took place between the City and outside parties. Internal transactions, such as transfers between Reserves, which are important for financial planning purposes, have been eliminated. The City's auditors, BDO, have conducted an audit of the Statements and will finalize their audit report once Council has approved the statements as noted in the recommendation to this report. The audit report will be "unqualified". This is the highest form of assurance an auditor can provide and indicates the Statements are free of material misstatements and that readers can rely on them for decision making purposes. There are a number of key terms used in the Financial Statements, that are defined here prior to reviewing the statements themselves. • Net Financial Position: provides a snapshot of where the City stood financially in terms of the resources it held and the amounts it owed at December 31, 2022. It is the difference between our financial assets and our liabilities and is considered an indicator of financial flexibility. If Net Financial Position is negative, it is referred to as Net Debt and indicates revenues that will be collected in the future are needed to pay for liabilities that already exist. If it is positive, it is referred to as Net Financial Assets and may indicate a greater degree of flexibility. • Accumulated Surplus: is the total of all the City's assets, both financial and non-financial, less our liabilities. It represents the net economic resources available for service provision. The largest element of this number is the value of our tangible capital assets, the physical assets used in day-to-day service provision, meaning the Accumulated Surplus balance does not represent a source of cash available to finance our day-to-day operations. • Annual Surplus: is the difference between annual revenues and expenses, as reported on the Statement of Operations. It is important to keep in mind that items included in revenue do not necessarily represent cash received during the year. For example, the value of contributed tangible capital assets is reported as a revenue, but does not represent cash the City received. On the expense side, only the annual cost of using those assets is recognized through amortization. The amounts expended for capital investment or renewal is not included, nor is the value of infrastructure contributed to the City through development. This accounting requirement results in a large reported Annual Surplus, but does not represent a cash surplus. Doc# 3351756 2 of 7 The City's Financial Statements are comprised of the following: • Statement of Financial Position • Statement of Operations • Statement of Change in Net Financial Assets • Statement of Cash Flow • Significant Accounting Policies • Notes to the Financial Statements • Segment Report • Supporting Schedules 1-2 The Notes to the Financial Statements provide additional information for the items found on the Statement of Financial Position and the Statement of Operations, and are referenced on each of these statements. Of note, Schedule 2 is a temporary schedule to the Financial Statements and meets the Provincial requirement to provide information regarding the use of the BC Safe Restart funding received by the City. As at the end of 2022, that funding is fully expended and this schedule will not form part of future financial statements. A discussion of the Financial Statements follows: Statement of Financial Position The Statement of Financial Position provides information about the City's financial assets, liabilities, and it's non-financial asets. One of the key indicators on this statement is the Net Financial Position. As noted above, it is calculated by subtracting our liabilities from our financial assets and is one piece of information available to assess the City's financial flexibility. At the end of 2022, the City had Net Financial Assets of $139.1 million, an increase of $17.75 million from 2021. The increase can be attributed to increases in cash and investments of $8.8 million and accounts receivable of $9 million. The other key indicator that appears on the Statement of Fiancial Position is the Accumulated Surplus. As noted above, this is the total of all of our assets, both financial and non-financial, less our liabilities. This number represents the net economic resources available for service provision. The bulk of this number comes from the value of our tangible capital assets, meaning it does not represent cash that can be spent to support our operations. At the end of 2022, the City's Accumulated Surplus was $1.334 billion compared to $1.293 billion for 2021. Of this amount, $1.177 billion is the book value of the City's tangible capital assets, compared to $1.154 billion in 2021. Key items to note on the Statement of Financial Position: • Combined cash and cash equivalents, and portfolio investments increased by $8.8 million. • Accounts receivable and recoverable local improvements Increased by $9 million with key contributors to the increase being a $2.3 million increase in accrued grants receivable and an increase in accrued interest receivable of approximately $4 million. Statement of Operations The Statement of Operations reports the City's revenues and expenses for the year. The difference between revenues and expenses is referred to as the Annual Surplus if positive, or the Annual Deficit if negative. It is important to note that accounting rules require us to include in revenue items such as the value of infrastructure contributed to the City through development, but on the expense side we include only the cost of using those assets through amortization, not the value of the assets received. This requirement contributes to a reported Annual Surplus that does not fully represent a cash surplus. Doc# 3351756 3 of 7 In 2022, the City recorded contributed infrastructure with a value of $17.56 million; this amount was recognized as revenue. On the expense side, the amortization recorded for these assets was approximately $1.3 million. The City's Annual Surplus was $41.8 million and $16.26 million of that amount comes from the transactions associated with contributed assets received during the year, and as noted previously, there is no cash received by the City related to these assets. As noted earlier in this report, when the Financial Plan is prepared, we ensure that all planned sources of funding are equal to all planned uses of funding. This is referred to as a "Balanced Budget". Not all of the elements that result in a Balanced Budget are included in the Statement of Operations. Some Financial Plan transactions, such as transfers to and from Reserves, are eliminated from the summary Financial Statements as they are internal transactions; other items are not included as they do not meet the definition of an expense. For example, our planned investment in tangible capital assets will result in an expenditure of resources, but not an expense. The annual cost of using our tangible capital assets, recorded as amortization, is an expense and is included on this Statement of Operations. Information about the difference between the Financial Plan and the Financial Statements is shown in Note 19 to the Financial Statements. The following discusses the Statement of Operations: Consolidated Revenues: Actual $201.4 million; Budget $230. 7 million Not all monies the City receives are recorded as revenues at the time of payment. Monies, such as Development Cost Charges, that are collected for specific works, typically capital in nature, are recorded as restricted revenue and reported as a liability when received. It's only when we do the works funded from these sources that we draw down the liability and recognize the revenue. Until that occurs, the funds remain recorded as a liability. In 2022, consolidated revenues were below budget by $29.34 million. This is comprised of variances in a number of categories, particularly those related to capital. The following highlights some of the key variances: • Government Transfers (grants) revenues were below budget estimates by $5.58 million due to timing delays in grant funded capital projects. • Development revenues below budget estimates by $28.8 million. This is due in large part to factors such as expenditures for DCC funded capital projects not being incurred and, as noted previously, when this happens the funds remain recorded as a liability. • The value of contributed assets was $2.4 million below the budgeted provision for this item, noting again that this item does not represent cash received. While revenues related to the capital program were below budgeted estimates this was offset on the operating side by the following: • User fees exceeded budgeted estimates by $2.5 million with key contributors including $200 thousand from business licences and $582 thousand from recycling revenues; subdivision inspection fees exceeded targets by $250 thousand and $1.1 million from user fees for sewer & water; • Gaming revenues exceeded budget by $827 thousand; and, • Interest income exceeded targets by $4.1 million. Consolidated Expenses -Actual $159.6 million; Budget $173.3 million Expenses are comprised of general operating expenses for goods and services, labour, interest on debt, and amortization of our tangible capital assets. The actual cash expended to invest in the replacement or acquisition of assets is not reflected on this Statement. Doc# 3351756 4 of 7 General Revenue Fund The majority of the City's diverse day-to-day operations take place within the General Revenue Fund. This includes activities ranging from the development of master plans to guide the community's future, to maintaining infrastructure such as roads to all the activities integral to the delivery of the essential City services. The accumulated surplus balance in the General Revenue fund is a source of one-time monies that, by policy, is available to Council to fund extraordinary one-time items. The accumulated surplus balance is the cumulative balance of revenues over expenditures and net transfers to reserves over time. It is not the result of a single year of operations, rather the balance has been fluctuating each year since the City was incorporated. At the beginning of 2022, the General Revenue Accumulated Surplus balance was $8.6 million and the Financial Plan contemplated drawing that balance down by $1.4 million. As a result of variations between budgeted and actual results and Council decisions to use surplus to advance a strategic land acquisition we ended 2022 by drawing the accumulated surplus balance down by $2.8 million to $5.73 million. Sewer and Water Utilities The Sewer and Water Utilities are self-funded business units that manage the collection and distribution of water and liquid waste and the related infrastructure. A large portion of the costs in the utilities are driven by the Regional District and Council has historically employed a rate stabilization practice to manage fluctuations in these costs. Under this practice, we will see cycles where Accumulated Surplus amounts are deliberately built up over a period of time, then subsequently drawn down in order to provide for our commitment towards larger regional projects as well as variations in our own annual infrastructure investment. This practice allows Council to smooth the impact of variations in annual spending levels on our rate payers. The Financial Plan included activities that would have have seen the Accumulated Surplus balances in the Water Utility drawn down by $2.2 million and in the Sewer Utility by $1.8 million. As with the General Revenue Fund, variations between budgeted and actual results final results differed. We saw the Water Utility Accumulated Surplus was increased slightly and the Sewer Utility Accumulated Surplus was drawn down slightly. The following shows the Accumulated Surplus amounts in each of the General Revenue fund and the Sewer and Water Utilities, and can also be found in Note 14 to the Financial Statements: Reserves General Revenue Sewer Utility Water Utility 2022 $ 5,727,398 5,937,537 13,793,118 $ 25.458.053 2021 $ 8,563,194 5,966,930 13,707,170 $ 28.237 ,294 The City's Reserves are an important financial planning tool, providing a mechanism to build capacity over time to undertake strategic projects or address long-term infrastructure sustainability requirements. They are reviewed on a regular basis to assess their adequacy, with adjustments made when capacity permits. The City's Reserves consist of two distinct categories, Reserve Funds and Reserve Accounts. Reserve Funds are statutory, meaning they are established by bylaw for specific purposes. Once monies are transferred to a Reserve Fund, they can only be used for the purpose outlined in the establishing bylaw. Doc# 3351756 6 of 7 To the Mayor and Council of the City of Maple Ridge Opinion Independent Auditor's Report We have audited the consolidated financial statements of the City of Maple Ridge (the "City"), which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at December 31, 2022, the Consolidated Statements of Operations, Changes in Net Financial Assets and Cash Flows for the year then ended, and notes and schedules, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information. In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the City as at December 31, 2022 and its results of operations, changes in net financial assets, and cash flows or the year then ended in accordance with Canadian public sector accounting standards. Basis for Opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the City in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the consolidated financial statements in Canada, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with Canadian public sector accounting standards, and for such ir,ternal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the City's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the City or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the City's financial reporting process. Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 4 of 28 • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the City's internal control. • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management. • Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the City's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the City to cease to continue as a going concern. • Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. • Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. Unaudited Information We have not audited, reviewed or otherwise attempted to verify the accuracy or completeness of 'Schedule 2 -Schedule for BC Safe Restart Grant' that is included in these consolidated financial statements. Chartered Professional Accountants Vancouver, British Columbia [REPORT DATE] City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 5 of 28 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at December 31, 2022 2022 2021 Financial Assets Cash and cash equivalents (Note 1) $ 22,933,056 $ 116,531,792 Portfolio investments (Note 2) 253,251,692 150,882,727 Accounts receivable (Note 3) 25,283,520 16,238,012 Recoverable local improvements (Note 4) 614,913 772,641 Other assets (Note 5) 1,146,868 1,121,812 Inventory available for resale 561169 56169 303,286,218 285,603,153 Liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 6) 32,565,424 32,035,516 Deferred revenue (Note 8) 19,475,845 18,065,700 Restricted revenue (Note 9) 38,878,746 38,083,113 Refundable performance deposits and other 27,470,091 25,945,403 Employee future benefits (Note 10) 2,861,700 3,145,300 Debt (Note 11) 4219301686 4619751903 164, 182,492 164,250,935 Net Financial Assets 13911031726 1211352218 Non Financial Assets Tangible capital assets (Note 12, Schedule 1) 1,177,844,681 1,154,325,050 Undeveloped land bank properties (Note 13) 15,526,529 15,526,529 Supplies inventory 610,871 533,617 Prepaid expenses 1A561190 110031351 11195A381271 1117113881547 Accumulated Surplus (Note 14) $ 1133415411997 $ 11292)401765 Scott Hartman Chief Administrative Officer Trevor Thompson, BBA, CPA, CGA Director of Finance The accompanying summary of significant accounting policies and notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 6 of 28 Consolidated Statement of Operations For the year ended December 31, 2022 Budget Actual Actual 2022 2022 2021 Note 19 Revenue (Segment Report, Note 23) Taxes for municipal purposes (Note 16) $ 103,991,814 $ 104, 187,540 $ 99,296,699 User fees and other revenue 52,910,221 55,431,092 50,497,200 Government transfers (Note 17) 12,910,331 7,325,205 6,803,129 Development revenue 37,457,515 8,634,346 5,016,024 Interest and investment income 2,694,988 6,801,307 2,411,236 Gaming revenues 750,004 1,576,904 780,946 Refinancing and asset disposal losses (149,126) (1,065,038) Contributed tangible capital assets (Note 12) 2010001000 1715601027 16,4351062 230,714,873 201,367,295 180,175,258 Expenses (Segment Report, Note 23) Protective services 52,284,717 48,800,726 45,049,842 Transportation services 27,487,924 26,247,478 22,798,719 Parks, recreation & cultural 26,669,074 24,654,225 21,263,223 Water utility 19,652,587 17,441,267 16,757,542 Sewer utility 15,576,404 13,339,392 13,395,349 General government 23,238,572 21,830,513 20,074,697 Planning, public health and other 813521812 71252A62 711731527 173,262,090 159,566,063 146,512,899 Annual Surplus 57,452}83 4118011232 3316621359 Accumulated Surplus -beginning of year 1129217401765 11292i140i165 112591078,406 Accumulated Surplus -end of year (Note 14) $ 1135011931548 $ 1133415411997 $ 112921740}65 The accompanying summary of significant accounting policies and notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 7 of 28 Consolidated Statement of Change in Net Financial Assets For the year ended December 31, 2022 Budget Actual Actual 2022 2022 2021 Note 19 Annual Surplus $ 57,452,783 $ 41,801,232 $ 33,662,359 Add (Less): Change in Tangible Capital Assets Acquisition of tangible capital assets (187,741,339) (50,169,026) (57,444,676) Amortization 24,593,930 26,466,120 23,863,066 Proceeds from disposal of tangible capital assets 34,149 139,110 Loss on disposal of tangible capital assets 1491126 115651038 (163,147,409) (23,519,631) (31,877,462) Change in Other Non Financial Assets Increase in supplies inventory (77,254) (71,664) Increase in prepaid expenses {4521839) (1501135) (530,093) (221,799) Increase (decrease) in Net Financial Assets (105,694,626) 17,751,508 1,563,098 Net Financial Assets beginning of the year 12113521218 12113522218 119)891120 Net Financial Assets end of the year $ 1516571592 $ 1392103i126 $ 12113521218 The accompanying summary of significant accounting policies and notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 8 of 28 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow For the year ended December 31, 2022 Actual Actual 2022 2021 Operating transactions Annual surplus $ 41,801,232 $ 33,662,359 Items not utilizing cash Amortization 26,466,120 23,863,066 Loss on disposal of assets 149,126 1,065,038 Contributed tangible capital assets (17,560,027) (16,435,062) Actuarial adjustment on debt (500,883) (440,357) Restricted revenues recognized {719691147) (415501168) 585,189 3,502,517 Change in non-cash operating items Increase in prepaid expenses (452,839) (150,135) Increase in supplies inventory (77,254) (71,664) Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable (9,045,508) (1,205,428) Decrease in recoverable local improvements 157,728 403,071 Increase in other assets (25,056) (307,415) Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 529,908 3,987,620 Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue 1,410,145 2,779,302 Increase (decrease) in refundable performance deposits 1,524,688 5,471,404 (Decrease) in employee future benefits {2831600) (2021900) (6,261,788) 10,703,855 Cash provided by operating transactions 36,124,633 47,868,731 Capital transactions Proceeds on disposal of tangible capital assets 34,149 139,110 Cash used to acquire tangible capital assets {3216081999) (4110091614) (32,574,850) (40,870,504) Investing transactions Proceeds on disposal of land available for sale 500,000 (Increase) decrease in portfolio investments {10213681965) (601562A93) (102,368,965) (60,062,493) Financing transactions Proceeds from debt issues 29,000,000 Debt repayment (3,544,334) (2,260,235) Collection of restricted revenues 8l64i180 11 894 417 5,220,446 38,634,182 (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (93,598,736) (14,430,084) Cash and cash equivalents -beginning of year 1161531 i192 13019611876 Cash and cash equivalents -end of year $ 2219331056 $ 1161531}92 The accompanying summary of significant accounting policies and notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 9 of 28 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies For the year ended December 31, 2022 The City of Maple Ridge (the "City") is a municipality in the province of British Columbia and operates under the provisions of the Community Charter. The City provides municipal services such as fire, public works, planning, parks, recreation and other general government services. (a) Reporting Entity and Basis of Consolidation These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Canadian Public Sector Accounting Standards (PSAS) using guidelines developed by the Public Sector Accounting Board of the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada. They consolidate the activities of all of the funds of the City and the City's wholly owned subsidiaries C.D.M.R. Developments Ltd. and Maple Ridge Municipal Holdings Ltd. Transactions between the City's funds and wholly owned subsidiaries have been eliminated and only transactions with outside entities are reported. (b) Basis of Accounting The basis of accounting followed in these financial statements is the accrual method and includes revenues in the period in which the transactions or events occurred that gave rise to the revenues and expenses in the period the goods and services were acquired and a liability was incurred. (c) Non-financial Assets Non-financial assets are not available to discharge existing liabilities and are held for use in the provision of services. They have useful lives extending beyond the current year and are not intended for sale in the ordinary course of business. (d) Tangible Capital Assets Tangible capital assets are a special class of non-financial assets and are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. Cost includes all costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of the tangible capital asset including transportation and installation costs, design and engineering fees, legal fees and site preparation costs. Interest costs are not capitalized during construction. Amortization is recorded on a straight line basis over the estimated life of the tangible capital asset commencing once the asset is put into use. Assets under construction are not amortized. Contributed tangible capital assets are recorded at estimated fair value at the time of the contribution and are also recorded as revenue. Estimated useful lives of tangible capital assets are as follows: Buildings (including building components) Transportation network Storm sewer system Fleet and equipment Technology Water system Sanitary sewer system Furniture and fixtures Structures 7 to 50 years 10 to 75 years 1 Oto 75 years 8 to 20 years 3 to 25 years 10 to 85 years 30 to 75 years 3 to 20 years 15 to 75 years Natural resources, works of art and historic assets are not recorded as assets in these consolidated financial statements. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 10 of 28 (e) Liability for Contaminated Sites Contaminated sites are a result of contamination being introduced into air, soil, water or sediment of a chemical, organic or radioactive material or live organism that exceeds an environmental standard. A liability for remediation of a contaminated site is recognized when a site is not in productive use or an unexpected event occurs and the following criteria are met: i. an environmental standard exists; ii. contamination exceeds the environmental standards; iii. the City is directly responsible or accepts responsibility; iv. it is expected that future economic benefits will be given up; and v. a reasonable estimate of the amount can be made. The liability is recognized as management's best estimate of the cost of remediation and post- remediation, including operation, maintenance and monitoring, that are an integral part of the remediation strategy for a contaminated site. Management has assessed its potential liabilities for contamination, including sites that are no longer in productive use and sites for which the City accepts responsibility. There were no such sites that had contamination in excess of an environmental standard requiring remediation at this time, therefore no liability was recognized at December 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020. (f) Landfill Closure and Post Closure Costs The Ministry of Environment establishes certain requirements for the closure and post closure monitoring of landfill sites. The obligation for closure and post closure costs associated with the City's former landfill is based on the present value of estimated future expenses. (g) Expense Recognition Expenses are recorded using the accrual basis of accounting whereby expenses are recognized as they are incurred and measurable based upon receipt of goods and services and/or the legal obligation to pay. (h) Revenue Recognition Taxation Taxes are recorded at estimated amounts when they meet the definition of an asset, have been authorized and the taxable event occurs. Annual levies for non-optional municipal services and general administrative services are recorded as taxation for municipal purposes in the year they are levied. Taxes receivable are recognized net of an allowance for anticipated uncollectable amounts. Levies imposed by other taxing authorities are not included in the City's revenues. Through the British Columbia Assessments' appeal process, taxes may be adjusted by way of supplementary roll adjustments. The effects of these adjustments on taxes are recognized at the time they are awarded. User fees and other revenue Charges for sewer and water usage are recorded as user fees and other revenue when the services are provided. Government transfers Government transfers are recognized as revenue in the financial statements when the transfer is authorized and any eligibility criteria are met, except to the extent that transfer stipulations give rise to an obligation that meets the definition of a liability. Government transfers are recorded as deferred revenue when transfer stipulations give rise to a liability and are recognized in the statement of operations as the stipulated liabilities are settled. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 11 of 28 Development revenues Receipts that are restricted by the legislation of senior governments or by agreement with external parties are a liability of the municipality and are reported as Restricted Revenues at the time they are received. When qualifying expenditures are incurred Restricted Revenues are brought into revenue as development revenue. Investment income Investment income is recorded on the accrual basis and recognized when earned. Investment income is allocated to various reserves and operating funds on a proportionate basis. To the extent that financial instruments have no stated rate of return, investment income is recognized as it is received. Contributed tangible capital assets Subdivision developers are required to provide subdivision infrastructure such as streets, lighting, sidewalks, and drainage etc. Upon completion, these assets are turned over to the City. Contributed tangible capital assets are recorded at their estimated fair value at the time of contribution and are also recorded as revenue. (i) Use of estimates/measurement uncertainty The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant areas requiring use of management estimates relate to the useful lives of tangible capital assets, determination of employee future benefits, landfill closure and post closure obligations, the outcome of litigation and claims, and the percentage of completion of buildings and subdivision inspections. Actual results could differ from these estimates. (j) Budget figures The budget figures reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements represent the 2022 component of the Financial Plan Bylaw, No. 7727-2021, adopted by Council on May 10, 2022. (k) Financial instruments The City's financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, portfolio investments, accounts receivable, recoverable local improvements, other assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, refundable performance deposits and,debt. Unless otherwise indicated, it is management's opinion that the City is not expo§ed to any significant interest, credit or currency risks arising from these financial instruments. (I) Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of the amounts held in the City's bank accounts and investments with an original term to maturity of three months or less. (m) Portfolio Investments Investments with an original term to maturity of more than three months from the date of acquisition are reported as portfolio investments. Investments and pooled investments are reported using the cost method. Provisions for declines in the market value of investments are recorded when they are considered to be other than temporary. Declines in the market values of investments are considered to be other than temporary when the carrying value exceeds market value for more than three years. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 12 of 28 (n) Basis of segmentation Municipal services have been segmented by grouping services that have similar service objectives (by function). Revenues that are directly related to the costs of the function have been attributed to each segment. Interest expense is allocated to functions based on the purpose of specific borrowings. (o) Employee future benefits The City and its employees make contributions to the Municipal Pension Plan, and the employees accrue benefits under this plan based on service. The City's contributions are expensed as incurred. As this is a multi-employer plan, no liability is attributed to the City and no liability is recorded in the financial statements. Sick leave benefits and retirement severance benefits are also available to the City's employees. The costs of these benefits are actuarially determined based on service and best estimates of retirement ages and expected future salary and wage increases. The liabilities under these benefit plans are accrued based on projected benefits prorated as the employees render services necessary to earn the future benefits. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 13 of 28 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the year ended December 31, 2022 1. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents as at December 31, 2022 were comprised as follows: Dec 31, 2022 Cash $ 7,443,999 $ Cash equivalents 15,489,057 $ 22,933,056 $ Dec 31, 2021 108,452,634 8,079.158 116,531,792 Cash equivalents were comprised of a pooled mortgage fund with an effective interest rate of 3.10% (4.82% for 2021). 2. Portfolio Investments 3. Portfolio investments include Canadian bank notes, Guaranteed Investment Certificates and BC Credit Union term deposits with effective interest rates of 1.41 % -5.48%. A portion of the bank notes held have interest payments linked to the performance of a set of equities or a financial index without stated or certain interest rates. The carrying value of portfolio investments at December 31, 2022 was $253,251,692 ($150,882,727 for 2021 ). The market value of portfolio investments at December 31, 2022 was $243,693,597 ($151,802,777 for 2021). Accounts Receivable 2022 2021 Property Taxes $ 6,400,737 $ 5,594,269 Other Governments 6,343,201 3,178,097 General and Accrued Interest 8,672,159 4,257,060 Development Cost Charges 4,077,852 3,395,482 25,493,949 16,424,908 Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts {210,429) (186,896) $ 25,283,520 $ 16,238,012 4. Recoverable Local Improvements The City provides interim financing for certain geographically localized capital projects. It recovers these amounts from benefiting property owners. Interest rates are established at the outset of the process and are a function of borrowing rates at the time. Repayment is typically made over fifteen years. 5. Other Assets Debt Reserve Fund: The Municipal Finance Authority of British Columbia (MFA) provides capital financing for regional districts and their member municipalities. As part of each loan issuance, 1 % of the gross debt proceeds are held back by the MFA to form the MFA's Debt Reserve Fund (ORF). The amounts in the ORF are held in trust for each borrower by the MFA, as protection against borrower default. Upon maturity of each debt issue, the ORF and any interest earned is discharged to the borrower. The City has estimated that there is only a remote possibility that these funds will not be recovered and therefore these funds have been included in Other Assets of$1,146,868 ($1,121,812 for2021). City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 14 of 28 6. Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities 2022 2021 Accounts Payable: General $ 11,227,439 $ 9,779,172 Other Governments 14,401,385 14,853,709 Salaries and Wages 113441351 116391827 26,973,175 26,272,708 Accrued Liabilities: Landfill Liability 3,454,381 3,750,986 Vacation Pay 1,071,537 887,756 Other Employment Benefits 110661331 111241066 515921249 517621808 $ 321565A24 $ 3210351516 The City's Landfill closed in 1989 and legislation requires closure and post closure care of solid waste landfill sites. Closure is estimated to be completed in 2030 and includes final covering, landscaping, erosion control, leachate and gas management. Post closure requirements extend for 30 years beyond completion of the closure plan and includes inspection and maintenance of the final covering, ground water monitoring, gas management systems operations, inspections and annual reports. The liability recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the present value of the expected future cash flows for the closure and post closure care activities and is subject to measurement uncertainty. The inflation rate used was 3.08% (2.16% for 2021) and the discount rate was 4.07% (2.59% for 2021). As at the Consolidated Financial Statement date the feasibility of a revised closure plan is being considered. Should a revised plan be approved by the provincial regulator, it is expected the liability will increase. 7. Contingencies and Commitments: (a) Where losses related to litigation are likely and can be reasonably estimated management accrues its best estimate of loss. These amounts are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. There are various other claims by and against the City, the outcome of which cannot reasonably be determined. Any ultimate settlements will be recorded in the year the settlements can be determined and are not expected to be material. (b) In 1998 the City entered into an agreement to purchase ice sheet time for five years commencing in 1999, with five five-year renewal options. In 2018, the agreement was renewed for an additional five-year period. The minimum annual payment due for the provision of ice time is $706,000. Additional ice time is purchased separately. These payments are recorded as expenses when the ice time is provided. (c) The City is a shareholder and member of E-Comm Emergency Communications for British Columbia Incorporated ("E-Comm") whose services provided include: regional 9-1-1 call centre for the Greater Vancouver Regional District; Wide Area Radio network; dispatch operations; and records management. The city has 2 Class A share and 1 Class B shares (of a total of 37 Class A shares and 18 Class B shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022. As a class A shareholder, the City shares in both funding the future operations and capital obligations of E-Comm (in accordance with a cost sharing formula), including any lease obligations committed to by E- Comm up to the shareholder's withdrawal date. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 15 of 28 8. Deferred Revenues Deferred revenues held by the City were comprised as follows: December 31 1 2021 Additions Revenue earned December 31, 2022 Property taxes $ 8,589,236 $ 17,332,653 Connection Revenues 1,841,494 832,804 Other 7,6341970 610531218 $ 181065,700 $ 24,218.675 9. Restricted Revenues Restricted revenues held by the City were comprised as follows: Development cost charges Parkland acquisition charges Amenity Charges Parking Charges Other 10. Employee Future Benefits December 31 1 2021 Collections/Interest $ 21,077,096 $ 5,533,077 2,195,991 7,003,779 999,812 6,806.435 $ 381083.113 350,922 2,267,542 70,847 542.392 $ 8.764.780 $ $ 16,783,679 $ 9,138,210 816,331 1,857,967 5,2081520 8.4791668 22,808,530 $ 19.4751845 Disbursements December 31, 2022 $ (7,215,685) $ 19,394,488 (622,901) (130.561) $ (7.969.147) 2,546,913 8,648,420 1,070,659 7,218266 $ 38.878.746 The City provides employee future benefits in the form of severance benefits and vested and non-vested sick leave to qualifying employees. These benefits are not separately funded. Severance benefits are cash settlements paid to employees who cease their employment with the City after a specified period of time. Employees hired before February 11, 1999 qualify for five days pay per year of employment, provided they either work a minimum of 20 years with the City or retire as defined by the Public Sector Pension Plan Act. Full time employees hired after February 11, 1999 qualify for 20 days pay provided they work a minimum of 10 years with the City and retire as defined by the Public Sector Pension Plan Act. The City permits regular employees to accumulate up to 18 days per year of service for future illnesses up to a maximum of 250 days. For certain qualifying employees a portion of this benefit vests; for the balance, this benefit does not vest and cannot be converted to any other type of benefit. An actuarial valuation of these benefits was performed to determine the City's liability and accrued benefit obligation as at December 31, 2021 and updated for December 31, 2022. The valuation resulted in a cumulative unamortized actuarial gain of $290,000 at December 31, 2022, (cumulative unamortized loss of $64,200 for 2021). Actuarial gains or losses are amortized over the expected average remaining service life of employees. The benefit liability at December 31, 2022 was $2,861,700, ($3,145,300 for 2021) comprised as follows: Accrued benefit obligation, beginning of year $ Add: Current service costs Interest on accrued benefit obligation Actuarial (gain)/loss Less: Benefits paid during the year Accrued benefit obligation, end of year Add: Unamortized actuarial (loss)/gain Accrued Benefit liability City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 16 of 28 2022 2021 3,209,500 $ 3,317,900 183,200 200,400 70,900 49,100 (290,000) 82,300 {532AOO) (4401200) 2,641,200 3,209,500 2201500 (64,200) 21861 i700 3.145.300 10. Employee Future Benefits (cont'd) Actuarial assumptions used to determine the City's accrued benefit obligation are as follows: Discount rate (long-term borrowing rate) Expected future inflation rate Merit and inflationary wage and salary increases averaging Estimated average remaining service life of employees (years) 11. Debt 2022 4.30 % 2.00% 2.68 % 12.0 2021 2.25 % 2.00% 2.73 % 12.0 The City obtains debt instruments through the Municipal Finance Authority (MFA), pursuant to security issuing bylaws under authority of the Community Charter, to finance certain capital expenditures. Debt is reported net of Sinking Fund balances and interest expense is reported net of Sinking Fund earnings. During the year, the City's outstanding debt balance was reduced by a combination of direct principal payments and sinking fund earnings totaling $4,045,217 ($2,700,592 for 2021). Interest payments for the year totalled $1,632,244 ($1,581,216 for 2021). The gross amount of debt less sinking fund installments and actuarial adjustments to date are as follows: MFA Bylaw No. Purpose Rate Due Gross Debt Cumulative 2022 Debt 2021 Debt Issue Payments Outstanding Outstanding 93 6246 Downtown Civic Facilities 5.70% 2027 32,100,000 22,992,077 9,107,923 99 6246 Downtown Office Complex 5.00% 2026 16,300,000 12,041,938 4,258,061 121 6560 Animal Shelter 2.90% 2027 625,000 377,911 247,089 121 6559 Cemetery Expansion 2.90% 2037 1,520,000 441,899 1,Q78, 101 121 6679 Cemetery Expansion 2.90% 2037 700,000 203,506 496,494 153 6558 Fire Hall #4 2.41% 2031 6,000,000 550,409 5,449,591 153 7370 Leisure Ctr. Reno 2.41% 2046 3,500,000 107,522 3,392,478 153 7371 Synthetic Field 2.41% 2046 7,000,000 215,044 6,784,956 153 7372 Albion Community Ctr. 2.41% 2046 8,500,000 261,125 8,238,875 153 7374 Hammond Community Ctr. 2.41% 2046 2,000,000 61,441 1,938,559 153 7376 MRSS Track Facility 2.41% 2046 2,000,000 61 441 1,938,559 80,245,000 37,314,313 42,930,686 The following debenture debt amounts plus projected Sinking Fund earnings are payable over the next five years and thereafter are as follows: 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Actuarial earnings Debt Payments $ 3,599,153 3,647,762 3,697,744 3,749,136 3,254,597 15,974,864 9,007A30 $ 42,930.686 The City has the following authorized but unissued financing available as at December 31, 2022: LIA Bylaw #6560 #7373 #7375 #7377 LIA Amount LIA Bylaw $ 275,000 #6679 1,000,000 #7374 1,000,000 #7376 23,500,000 Total City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 17 of 28 LIA Amount $ 1,100,000 500,000 500,000 $ 27l875l000 10,782,231 5,251,753 291,492 1,130,022 520,405 6,000,000 3,500,000 7,000,000 8,500,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 46,975,903 12. Tangible Capital Assets Land $ Buildings Transportation network Storm sewer system Fleet and equipment Technology Water system Sanitary sewer system Other $ Net book value 2022 2021 296,648,241 $ 287,303,392 84,764,834 85,896,611 224,884,037 216,622,442 222,877,103 222,817,744 22,175,953 20,263,737 5,672,612 6,217,561 138,161,075 136,157,705 141,310,826 141,032,148 41,350,000 38.013.710 1,177,844,681 $===1=.1===5==4=,3===25=,0=5==0 For additional information, see the Schedule of Tangible Capital Assets (Schedule 1) During the year there were no write-downs of assets (2021 -$Nil). In addition, the fair value of roads and related infrastructure, underground networks and land contributed to the City totaled $17,560,027 ($16,435,062 for 2021) and was capitalized and recorded as revenue at the time of recognition. Natural assets, works of art, artifacts, cultural and historic assets are not recorded as assets in these financial statements. The City controls various works of art and historical treasures including artifacts, paintings, sculptures and mosaics located at City sites and public display areas. 13. Undeveloped Land Bank The City owns property in various areas identified for future growth in the Official Community Plan. These properties are not currently used in the provision of service to the citizens of Maple Ridge. The properties represent a strategic, non-renewable resource available for the advancement of Council's strategic plan. 14. Accumulated Surplus Accumulated Surplus is comprised of operating surpluses and equity in tangible capital assets held in the general, sewer and water funds as well as reserves. Accumulated surplus for 2022 is $1,334,545,933 ($1,292,740,765 for 2021) and is distributed as follows: Operating surplus Equity in the capital funds Reserves Accumulated Surplus 2022 General $ 5,727,398 Sewer 5,937,537 Water 13,793.118 25,458,053 General 867,398,256 Sewer 143,022,206 Water 141,808.064 1, 152,228,526 Funds 49,015,284 Accounts 107,840.134 156,855.418 $ 1,334,541.997 City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 18 of 28 $ $ 2021 8,563,194 5,966,930 13.707.170 28,237,294 842,930,177 142,398,327 139.437.695 1,124,766,199 44,524,272 95.213.000 139.737.272 1.292.740.765 15. Reserves Reserve Funds Local Improvement Equipment Replacement Capital Works Fire Department Capital Acquisition Sanitary Sewer Land Total Reserve Funds Reserve Accounts Specific Projects -Capital Specific Projects -Operating Self Insurance Police Services Fire Services Core Development Recycling Community Safety Initiatives Building Inspections Gravel Extraction Community Works (Gas Tax) Facility Maintenance Snow Removal Park & Recreation Improvements Cemetery Maintenance Infrastructure Sustainabiilty (Town Centre Bldgs) Infrastructure Sustainability (Roads) Infrastructure Sustainability (Drainage) Drainage Improvements Gaming Revenues Self Insurance (Sewer) Self Insurance (Water) Specific Projects (Sewer) Specific Projects (Water) Total Reserve Accounts Total Reserves 16. Property Tax Levies $ December 31, 2021 2,669,747 $ 19,583,271 16,176,221 4,094,702 1,227,204 773127 44,524,272 13,799,761 9,846,884 653,809 9,746,964 485,230 1,724,172 4,106,894 772,746 3,569,030 912,857 966,576 448,144 850,061 5,310,021 256,840 5,415,418 3,341,593 5,797,872 2,253,496 171,940 152,252 11,762,103 12,868,337 95.213.000 $ 139,737,272 Interest Contributions/ Use of Allocated Transfers Reserves 40,817 $ 429,002 338,432 104,717 25,219 15 910 954,097 13,600 273,121 9,983 35,036 86,424 73,440 19,613 17,497 18,267 124,817 76,600 140,887 889,285 1,843,382 3,134,544 3,344,418 1,196,111 7,675,073 5,511,139 6,089,562 45,000 1,624,451 5,918,375 646,902 59,349 315,198 2,140,000 2,379,997 160,241 794,200 4,280,587 1,050,884 2,000,239 1,576,904 6,504 6,504 7,482,001 6,648.396 48.736.433 56.411.506 $ $ (1,959,854) (1,768,502) (357,649) (52,153) (4,138,158) (3,945,358) (7,135,909) (67,842) (415,401) (48,543) (6,237,915) (410,325) (188,808) (5,846) (24,988) (2,087,874) (143,372) (4,302,480) (13,568) (559,531) (4,366,308) (814,673) (323,047) (766,324) (6,542) (2,645,605) (2.488.325) (36,998.584) (41.136.742) December 31, 2022 2,710,564 21,186,963 18,090,569 5,037,881 1,200,270 789,037 49,015,284 15,365,542 8,800,537 644,567 11,229,135 446,670 1,439,668 4,429,895 583,938 3,642,470 985,973 1,274,283 518,537 706,689 3,387,538 403,513 234,669 5,454,514 3,654,404 7,615,951 3,064,076 178,444 152,214 16,598,499 17,028.408 107,840,134 156,855.418 In addition to its own tax levies, the City is required to collect taxes on behalf of various other taxing authorities. These include the provincial government for local school taxes, incorporated dyking districts located within the City and organizations providing regional services in which the City has become a member. Taxes levied for other agencies are not included in City revenues. Total tax levies were comprised as follows: Municipal Tax Levies Levies for other authorities School taxes Translink British Columbia Assessment Metro Vancouver Regional District Dyking Districts Municipal Finance Authority Total Collections for Others Total Tax Levies $ $ 2022 Budget 103,991,814 $ 47,004,053 9,437,278 1,419,700 2,061,422 1,144,538 7 877 61.074.868 165.066.682 $ City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 19 of 28 2022 104,187,540 $ 46,999,301 9,441,526 1,420,328 2,061,483 1,144,538 7.879 61,075,055 165,262,595 $ 2021 99,296,699 42,974,954 8,277,785 1,259,526 1,693,254 744,042 6 003 54.955.564 154.252.263 17. Government Transfers Government transfers recognized as revenues during the year were comprised of the following: 2022 2021 Capital Operating Total Total Federal Government $ 500,837 $ 419,118 $ 919,955 $ 1,697,618 Provincial Government 331,557 2,425,882 2,757,439 2,518,261 Translink 1,986,977 1,644,398 3,631,375 2,559,687 Other 16A36 16A36 27,563 Total $ 218351807 $ 4A891398 $ 713251205 $ 618031129 18. Trust Funds Certain assets have been conveyed or assigned to the City to be administered as directed by an agreement or statute. The City holds the assets for the benefit of, and stands in a fiduciary relationship, to the beneficiary. The following trusts are excluded from the City's consolidated financial statements: Balance Dec 31, 2021 Interest Earned Receipts Disbursements Balance Dec 31, 2022 Latecomer Fees Cemetery Perpetual Care Election Surplus $ Metro Vancouver Sewer & Drainage District Translink School Site Acquisition Fees Road 13 Dyking District Albion Dyking District $ 19. Expenses and Expenditures by Object Operations Goods and services Wages and salaries Interest Total Amortization expenses Contributed tangible capital assets Total Expenses and $ 76,937,666 $ 54,459,133 1,703,144 133,099,943 26,466,120 1,410,782 8,690 $ $ 776,201 $ 3,345 87,586 111 (2,940) $ (3,345) (8,801) 773,261 1,498,368 2,222,066 1,598,490 (1,704,548) 2,116,008 919,448 810,228 (1,038,733) 690,943 26,100 26,100 1,420,980 179,951 (20,035) 1,580,896 2.401.485 311,286 (51763) 217071008 8,383,451 $===3=4=5=6 $ 3)89,842 $ (2,784,165) $===9,=3=92=15=8=4 Capital Acquisitions 31,742,700 $ 866,299 32,608,999 17,560,027 2022 Total 108,680,366 $ 55,325,432 1 703 144 165,708,942 26,466,120 17,560,027 2022 Budget 257,620,023 $ 57,029,491 1,759,984 316,409,498 24,593,930 20,000,000 2021 Total 110,720,871 51,308,259 1,630,317 163,659,447 23,863,066 16,435,062 Expenditures $ 159,566,063 $ 50.169,026 $ 209,735,089 $ 361,003,428 $ 203,957,575 City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 20 of 28 20. Budget Budget amounts represent the Financial Plan Bylaw adopted by Council on May 10, 2022. The Financial Plan anticipated use of surpluses accumulated in previous years to balance against current year expenditures in excess of current year revenues. The following shows the reconciliation of the amounts presented on the financial statements to the approved budget: Revenue Taxation $ 103,991,814 User fees and other revenue 52,910,221 Other 53,812,838 Contributed subdivision infrastructure 2010001000 Total Revenue 230/141873 Expenses Protective services 52,284,717 Transportation services 27,487,924 Recreation and cultural 26,669,074 Water utility 19,652,587 Sewer utility 15,576,404 General Government 23,238,572 Planning, public health and other 813521812 Total expenses 17312621090 Annual Surplus $ 5714521783 Less: Capital expenditures 187,741,338 Debt repayment 4,055,066 Add: lnterfund transfers 80,848,953 Amortization 24,593,930 Borrowing proceeds 2819001738 Financial Plan Bylaw $ 21. Contractual Rights There are a number of development projects in progress throughout the City where there is a requirement for the developer to provide infrastructure to the City, such as roads, sewers, sidewalks and street lighting. The estimated fair value of the infrastructure is recognized as "contributed tangible capital assets" revenue in these consolidated financial statements when the City accepts responsibility for the infrastructure. Estimated fair value is determined at the time the assets are recognized. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 21 of 28 22. Municipal Pension Plan The City of Maple Ridge and its employees contribute to the Municipal Pension Plan (a jointly trusteed pension plan). The board of trustees, representing plan members and employers, is responsible for administering the plan, including investment of assets and administration of benefits. The plan is a multi- employer defined benefit pension plan. Basic pension benefits are based on a formula. As at December 31 2021, the plan has about 227,000 active members and approximately 118,000 retired members. Active members include approximately 42,000 contributors from local governments. Every three years, an actuarial valuation is performed to assess the financial position of the plan and adequacy of plan funding. The actuary determines an appropriate combined employer and member contribution rate to fund the plan. The actuary's calculated contribution rate is based on the entry-age normal cost method, which produces the long-term rate of member and employer contributions sufficient to provide benefits for average future entrants to the plan. This rate may be adjusted for the amortization of any actuarial funding surplus and will be adjusted for the amortization of any unfunded actuarial liability. The most recent valuation for the Municipal Pension Plan as of December 31, 2021, indicated a $3.761 million funding surplus for basic pension benefits on a going concern basis. The City of Maple Ridge paid $4,060,332 (2021 $3,848,908) for employer contributions while employees contributed $3,567,537 (2021 $3,218,889) to the plan in fiscal 2022. The next valuation will be as at December 31, 2024, with results available in 2025. Employers participating in the plan record their pension expense as the amount of employer contributions made during the fiscal year (defined contribution plan accounting). This is because the plan records accrued liabilities and accrued assets for the plan in aggregate, resulting in no consistent and reliable basis for allocating the obligation, assets and cost to individual employers participating in the plan. 23. Segmented Information The City is a diversified municipal government entity in the province of British Columbia that provides a wide range of services to its citizens. Municipal services have been segmented by grouping activities that have similar service objectives (by function) and separately disclosed in the segment report. Where certain activities cannot be attributed to a specific segment they have been reported as unallocated. The segments and the services they provide are as follows: Protective Services Protective Services is comprised of the Ridge Meadows RCMP detachment, the Maple Ridge Fire Department, bylaw enforcement, inspection services and emergency services. Services provided by the segment are focused on protecting the citizens of Maple Ridge. Transportation Services Transportation Services is comprised of Engineering, Operations, Drainage and Roads. Services provided by the segment include the construction and maintenance of transportation related infrastructure. Parks, Recreation & Cultural Services Recreation and cultural services provides library services, access to recreation facilities and maintains and operates City parks. Water Utility The Water Utility, in conjunction with Metro Vancouver, provides safe, clean, reliable water to the residents and businesses of the City of Maple Ridge. Sewer Utility The Sewer Utility collects waste water and transports it to treatment plants operated by Metro Vancouver in addition to maintaining the sanitary sewer infrastructure. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 22 of 28 23. Segmented Information (cont'd) General Government General Government provides administrative, legislative and support services for the City. Functions include financial planning and reporting, information technology, economic development and communications. Commerical operations are also included in this segment. Planning, Public Health and Other This segment is comprised of Planning, Recycling, Cemetery and Social Planning. Activities include land use guidelines, development of the City's official community plan, management of the recycling contract and improving the social well-being of the community. Unallocated Unallocated includes revenues that cannot be directly attributed to the activities of an identified functional segment. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 23 of28 Segment Report Consolidated Report of Segmented Revenue and Expenses Revenue Tax revenue Other revenues Government transfers Development revenue Interest and investment income Gaming Revenues Asset disposal gain(loss) Contributed infrastructure Total Revenue Expenses Operating: Goods and services Labour Debt Servicing Sub total Amortization Total Expenses Excess (deficiency) of revenue over expenses For the year ended December 31, 2022 Protective Transportation Recreation Services Services and Cultural $ $ $ 5,875,627 901,510 3,351,390 1,655,024 4,213,176 918,128 13,557 1,842,314 5,602,176 (255) 402,270 (22,348) 911591013 418831000 7,543,953 16,518,283 14,732,346 26,434,870 5,718,797 11,185,867 19,952,549 7,044,600 9,397,819 1401853 11016)96 46,528,272 12,763,397 21,600,482 212721455 13,4841080 31053)42 4818001727 261247,477 241654224 $ (4\2561774) $ (917291194) $ (919211878) City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 24 of 28 Water Utility Sewer Utility $ 155,558 $ 996,800 21,694,371 15,667,907 35,871 (48,076) 289,867 455,612 (177,979) (346,387) 215691439 948P5 24,567,127 17,674,431 12,454,810 9,924,530 2,138,161 587,174 14,592,971 10,511,704 218481297 218271687 17,4411268 1313391391 $ 711251859 $ 413351040 General Commercial Government Tower $ $ $ 2,203,702 2,065,407 540,098 418,320 (4,427) 3,157,693 2,065,407 6,720,834 710,352 12,216,418 1361579 367 061 19,073,831 1,077,413 116791270 20}531101 1077413 $ (171595A08) $ 987 994 $ Planning Public Health Total & Other Unallocated 2022 Actual 2,482,585 $ 100,552,597 $ 104,187,540 3,671,178 55,431,092 10,984 7,325,205 12,500 8,634,346 6,801,307 6,801,307 1,576,904 1,576,904 (149,126) 1715601027 6,177,247 108,930,808 201,367,295 3,787,606 76,937,666 3,122,412 54,459,133 41 855 1i7031144 6,951,873 133,099,943 3001589 26i4661120 71252A62 15916661063 (110751215) $ 10819301808 . $ 4118011232 City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 25 of 28 Total Total Budget 2021 Actual $ 103,991,814 $ 99,296,699 52,910,221 50,497,200 12,910,331 6,803,129 37,457,515 5,016,024 2,694,988 2,411,236 750,004 780,946 (1,065,038) 2010001000 1614351062 230,714,873 180,175,258 89,878,685 70,531,201 57,029,491 50,488,315 \7591984 116301317 148,668,160 122,649,833 2415931930 2318631066 17312621090 14615121899 $ 5714521783 $ 3316621359 Schedule 1 Schedule of Tangible Capital Assets For the year ended December 31, 2022 Land2 Building Transportation Storm System Network Historical Cost 1 Opening cost $ 287,303,392 $ 144,466,521 $ 356,899,006 $ 300,231,449 Additions 9,344,849 2,204,111 15,465,590 5,150,298 Disposals (121888) 638 319 (11618,499) 296,648,241 146,657,744 373,002,915 303,763,248 Accumulated Amortization Opening balance 58,569,910 140,276,564 77,413,705 Amortization expense 3,330,583 8,633,596 4,049,654 Effect of disposals (71583) (7911282) (5771211) 6118921910 148 118 878 8018861148 Net Book Value as $ 2961648241 $ 84 764 834 $ 22418841037 $ 22218771100 at December 31, 2022 Net Book Value as at $ 287,303,392 $ 85,896,611 $ 216,622,442 $ 222,817,744 December 31, 2021 1 Historical cost includes work in progress at December 31, 2022 of $14,756,896 ($31,977,067 for 2021) comprised of: Land $658,032 ($614,988 for 2021); Buildings $111,063 ($20,275,525 for 2021); Transportation network $6,027,059 ($876,825 for 2021); Storm system $24,641 ($24,641 for 2021); Fleet and equipment $437,010 ($430,962 for 2021); Technology $248,001 ($177,218 for 2021 ); Water system $1,776,196 ($1,960,180 for 2021 ); Sanitary system $3,856,060 ($6,697,799 for 2021); and Other $1,618,834 ($918,930 for 2021). Work in progress is not amortized. 2 Additions to land are net of $-Nil ($-Nil for 2021) of land reclassified to inventory available for sale. 3 "0ther" at net book value includes Furniture and Fixtures at $1,131,451 ($967,734 for 2021) and Structures at $40,218,549 ($37,045,974 for 2021) City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 26 of 28 Fleet and Equipment $ 37,703,513 $ 4,110,154 (2281023) 41,585,644 17,439,776 2,189,124 (2191209) 19A09,691 $ 2211751953 $ $ 20,263,737 $ Technology Water System Sanitary System 15,980,714 $ 179,820,507 $ 196,857,458 849,426 4,871,173 3,321,831 (2591072) (3911968) (7321278) 16,571,068 184,299,712 199,447,011 9,763,153 43,662,802 55,825,310 1,389,501 2,683,846 2,689,116 (2541199) (2081013) (3781243) 101898A55 4611381635 5811361183 5p2,613 $ 138116to77 $ 14t31Da828 6,217,561 $ 136,157,705 $ 141,032,148 City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 27 of 28 Other3 Total $ 57,285,158 $ 1,576,547,718 4,851,594 50,169,026 (991893) (217041302) 62,036,859 1,624,012,442 19,271,448 422,222,668 1,500,700 26,466,120 (851287) (215211027) 20,6861861 44611671761 $ 4t349,998 $ 11177,8441681 $ 38,013,710 $ 1,154,325,050 Grant Received Schedule for BC Safe Restart Grant For the year ended December 31, 2022 (unaudited) Balance of BC Safe Restart Grant Application of Grant Lost revenue* Operational adaptations** Total Application Balance Remaining Schedule 2 $ 165,613 165,613 $ _ ___.;1 __ 65 __ • 6 __ 1_3 $ * Lost revenues are comprised of revenue shortfalls associated with the closure of City Recreation facilities **Operational adaptations are comprised of expenditures incurred to faciliate remote work and meeting attendance for staff and Council, the installation of physical barriers in the workplace, increased cleaning and various other incremental costs. City of Maple Ridge -2022 Financial Statements Page 28 of 28 AUDIT REPORT DATE BDO Canada LLP Chartered Professional Accountants Unit 1100 -Royal Centre 1055 West Georgia Street Vancouver, BC V6E 3P3 City of Maple Ridge This representation letter is provided in connection with your audit of the financial statements of City of Maple Ridge for the period ended December 31, 2022, for the purpose of expressing an opinion as to whether the financial statements are presented fairly, in all material respects, in accordance with Canadian Public Sector Accounting Standards. We confirm that to the best of our knowledge and belief, having made such inquiries as we considered necessary for the purpose of appropriately informing ourselves: Financial Statements We have fulfilled our responsibilities, as set out in the terms of the audit engagement dated January 20, 2023, for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with Canadian Public Sector Accounting Standards; in particular, the financial statements are fairly presented in accordance therewith. • The methods, significant assumptions, and data used in making accounting estimates and their related disclosures are appropriate to achieve recognition, measurement and/ or disclosure that are reasonable in accordance with Canadian Public Sector Accounting Standards. • Related party relationships and transactions have been appropriately accounted for and disclosed in accordance with the requirements of Canadian Public Sector Accounting Standards. • All events subsequent to the date of the financial statements and for which Canadian Public Sector Accounting Standards require adjustment or disclosure have been adjusted or disclosed. • The financial statements of the entity use appropriate accounting policies that have been properly disclosed and consistently applied. • The effects of uncorrected misstatements are immaterial, both individually and in the aggregate, to the financial statements as a whole. A list of the uncorrected misstatements is attached to the representation letter. Information Provided • We have provided you with: • access to all information of which we are aware that is relevant to the preparation of the financial statements, such as records, documentation and other matters; • additional information that you have requested from us for the purpose of the audit; and • unrestricted access to persons within the entity from whom you determined it necessary to obtain audit evidence. • We are responsible for the design, implementation and maintenance of internal controls to prevent, detect and correct fraud and error, and have communicated to you all deficiencies in internal control of which we are aware. • All transactions have been recorded in the accounting records and are reflected in the financial statements. • We have disclosed to you all known instances of non-compliance or suspected non-compliance with laws and regulations whose effects should be considered when preparing the financial statements. • We have disclosed to you the identity of the entity's related parties and all the related party relationships and transactions of which we are aware. Fraud and Error • We have disclosed to you the results of our assessment of the risk that the financial statements may be materially misstated as a result of fraud. • We have disclosed to you all information in relation to fraud or suspected fraud that we are aware of and that affects the entity and involves: • management; • employees who have significant roles in internal control; or • others where the fraud could have a material effect on the financial statements. • We have disclosed to you all information in relation to allegations of fraud, or suspected fraud, affecting the entity's financial statements communicated by employees, former employees, analysts, regulators, or others. General Representations • Where the value of any asset has been impaired, an appropriate provision has been made in the financial statements or has otherwise been disclosed to you. • We have provided you with significant assumptions that in our oprn10n are reasonable and appropriately reflect our intent and ability to carry out specific courses of action on behalf of the entity when relevant to the use of fair value measurements or disclosures in the financial statements. • We confirm that there are no derivatives or off-balance sheet financial instruments held at year end that have not been properly recorded or disclosed in the financial statements. • Except as disclosed in the financial statements, there have been no changes to title, control over assets, liens or assets pledged as security for liabilities or collateral. • The entity has complied with all provisions in its agreements related to debt and there were no defaults in principal or interest, or in the covenants and conditions contained in such agreements. • There have been no plans or intentions that may materially affect the recognition, measurement, presentation or disclosure of assets and liabilities (actual and contingent). • The nature of all material uncertainties have been appropriately measured and disclosed in the financial statements, including all estimates where it is reasonably possible that the estimate will change in the near term and the effect of the change could be material to the financial statements. • There were no direct contingencies or provisions (including those associated with guarantees or indemnification provisions), unusual contractual obligations nor any substantial commitments, whether oral or written, other than in the ordinary course of business, which would materially 2 affect the financial statements or financial position of the entity, except as disclosed in the financial statements. Other Representations Where the Situation Exists • We have informed you of all known actual or possible litigation and claims, whether or not they have been discussed with legal counsel. When applicable, these litigation and claims have been accounted for and disclosed in the financial statements. • We consider the assumptions used in the calculations of employee future benefits to be the best estimate of future events, in particular, long-term borrowing rates and compensation escalation over the expected average remaining service life of the employee group. • The financial statements and any other information in the annual report provided to you prior to the date of this representation letter are consistent with one another, and there is no material misstatement of the other information. We have provided you with the final version of the document(~) comprising the annual report. • (If some/all of the document(s) comprising the annual report will not be available until after the date of the auditor's report, include:) We will provide to you, when available and prior to issuance by the entity, the final version of the document(s) comprising the annual report. Yours truly, Trevor Thompson, Chief Financial Officer Catherine Nolan, Deputy Director_of Finance 3 CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE Council Strategic Plan 2023-2026 DRAFT CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 2 Contents Message from City Council 3 Council Strategic Plan Overview 4 What Guides Our Work 5 Mission Statement 6 Vision Statement and Description 7 Core Values 8 Strategic Priorities 9 Liveable Community 10 Climate Leadership and 11 Environmental Stewardship Engaged, Healthy Community 12 Diversified, Thriving Economy 13 Governance and Corporate Excellence 14 The City of Maple Ridge carries out its business on the traditional territory of the Katzie (q̓ic̓əy̓) First Nation and the Kwantlen (qʼʷa:n̓ƛʼən̓) First Nation. CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 3 A New Chapter for Maple Ridge As we came together as a new Council to consider our priorities for the coming term, we each brought our individual views on what we wanted to achieve. We also had many ideas in common, including a desire to pursue a new chapter for Maple Ridge – one that preserves our many valuable existing assets and characteristics, while bringing what we need to thrive today and tomorrow. Through this in-depth planning process, we developed a shared vision of what we wanted for Maple Ridge. We wanted to continue to build an innovative community that is an example in the region. We wanted to reinforce the social bonds upon which our community will grow and prosper. We wanted to nurture all aspects of the community, including our environment and local economy, for a resilient future. We wanted to earn the trust of our residents and create opportunities for everyone to participate, engage and thrive. Overall, we wanted to build a sustainable community that will serve our citizens today and for generations to come, and to continue to strive for excellence in all that we do. All of this is represented on the following pages, in our exciting new mission, vision, core values and strategic priorities. We encourage you to get to know them – and keep us accountable to them – as, together, we turn the page to a new chapter for Maple Ridge. MESSAGE FROM MAPLE RIDGE CITY COUNCIL COUNCILLOR ONYEKA DOZIE COUNCILLOR SUNNY SCHILLER COUNCILLOR JUDY DUECK MAYOR DAN RUIMY COUNCILLOR JENNY TAN COUNCILLOR AHMED YOUSEF COUNCILLOR KORLEEN CARRERAS CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 4 Council Strategic Plan Overview The Council Strategic Plan identifies the collective focus and priorities for each sitting Maple Ridge City Council to guide City decision-making and activities during their term. The Plan provides a Mission, Vision and Core Values to guide the overall approach, and sets out Strategic Priorities with related Strategic Goals. The intent is a Strategic Plan that will resonate with and inspire the public, Council and staff while guiding the City’s work during the four-year Council term. Staff develops Business Plans based on the Strategic Priorities and Strategic Goals and provides periodic progress reports to Council. The Council Strategic Plan is reviewed and updated as needed over the term, based on emerging priorities and needs. This document includes the highlights of the Plan. Please see mapleridge.ca for more details. CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 5 What Guides Our Work CITY SERVICES Council Strategic Planning Mission VisionValues STRATEGIC PRIORITIES Department Business Planning P RIORITIES R E S U L T S Community Input, Needs and Priorities Corporate / Financial Planning CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 6 Mission Statement We strive for excellence as we deliver vital municipal services with innovation, accountability and efficiency to meet the needs of the community now and into the future. CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 7 From the peaks of the Golden Ears to the roar of the Fraser River, we are a dynamic economic and innovation hub. We are a leader in providing a full spectrum of innovative housing options and recreational infrastructure. We are a caring and environmentally sustainable community that supports healthy living. We are a socially and culturally friendly community – a place where people are connected to neighbourhoods, to their work, and to the natural environment. We offer high-quality services and prioritize a positive customer experience. The best and brightest seek to work with us and employees are encouraged to share their ideas and are supported in taking initiative. Maple Ridge has unparalleled access to nature and is as distinct as its neighbourhoods. We don’t fit a mould. We are authentic, bold, adventurous and ambitious about our future. Vision Statement and Description 7 CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 8 Relationships are at the core of all of our work. We strive to build and enhance strong, trusted relationships with our community, other governments and agencies, Indigenous partners and other key groups for improved information-sharing, collaboration, and service-delivery. STRONG RELATIONSHIPS EQUITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSIVENESS We embed equity, inclusion, dignity and respect for all in our service delivery, to inform our decision-making and actions. We share in the responsibility to create a positive, diverse culture to honour our differences. We inspire and empower everyone to be engaged and to champion building a better community.LEADERSHIP We encourage and support a culture of continuous improvement, embracing risk while cultivating new ideas, methods, and processes to deliver our services. INNOVATION We lead with honesty, fairness, and transparency, with our community’s interests at heart.INTEGRITY We are driven to exceed expectations.EXCELLENCECore ValuesCore Values CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 9 Strategic Priorities The five Strategic Priorities are informed by the Mission, Vision and Core Values and will guide the decisions and actions of the City from 2023-2026. CLIMATE LEADERSHIP & ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP LIVEABLE COMMUNITY ENGAGED, HEALTHY COMMUNITY GOVERNANCE & CORPORATE EXCELLENCE DIVERSIFIED, THRIVING ECONOMY CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 10 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES Liveable Community Goals We continue to build Maple Ridge into a liveable community that meets the needs of our diverse residents, businesses and other stakeholders through community planning, transportation and infrastructure services that benefit and strengthen our City today and in the future. ✦Facilitate expanded housing diversity and supply, to promote attainability. ✦Improve mobility with safe, sustainable and effective transportation options. ✦Develop infrastructure that positions the City to provide accessible and sustainable services while accommodating growth. CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 11 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES Climate Leadership & Environmental Stewardship Climate change poses a tremendous risk to current and future generations. As stewards of our environmental assets, we value our natural infrastructure and seek to leverage its benefits to reduce our climate impact. We actively plan to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change as our community grows, pursue the growth of green industries, and adopt promising practices and innovation. ✦Mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change. ✦Reduce municipal and community greenhouse gas emissions in alignment with adopted targets. ✦Enhance and protect the health of our natural environment. Goals CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 12 Engaged, Healthy Community STRATEGIC PRIORITIES ✦Provide a diversity of inclusive and accessible recreation opportunities. ✦Build and celebrate community pride, strengthening community connections to foster a sense of belonging. ✦Promote a vibrant arts and culture community. ✦Ensure the safety and enhance the well-being of residents. ✦Improve community engagement with the City. We provide dynamic public spaces for our residents to engage with their community and maintain an active lifestyle. Our citizens are proud to be from Maple Ridge and celebrate our history and culture. Residents feel safe and supported by their community and municipal services. Goals CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 13 Diversified, Thriving Economy STRATEGIC PRIORITIES Goals Our local economy is as diverse and vibrant as our community. We attract business investment to balance our tax base and provide employment opportunities across different sectors and our businesses are supported in their growth and innovation goals. Our community is a destination for seekers of arts, culture and outdoor adventure. ✦Attract, retain and expand business investment to diversify the tax base and increase local employment. ✦Expand training and educational options in Maple Ridge to build a skilled workforce that attracts innovative businesses. ✦Explore and maximize tourism opportunities as a means to further diversify the local economy. CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE | COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN 2023-2026 14 Governance & Corporate Excellence STRATEGIC PRIORITIES Responsive and accessible government is paramount to building public trust. We build that trust through the City’s communications, transparent engagement and customer-centric service experiences. We honour our service to our community through prudent financial management, effective public policy and transparent decision-making. ✦Identify and commit to opportunities for the City to move forward on a path of Truth and Reconciliation. ✦Deliver an exceptional customer experience across City services. ✦Ensure organization and financial alignment to achieve Strategic Priorities and meet the needs of our growing community. ✦Be accountable to the public through open and responsive governance. ✦Ensure the City is organizationally resilient, ready to adapt to a changing environment. Goals For more information about the 2023-2026 Council Strategic Plan, please visit mapleridge.ca. CITY OF MAPLE RIDGE11995 Haney Place Maple Ridge, B.C. V2X 6A9 604-463-5221 enquiries@mapleridge.ca mapleridge.ca DISCUSSION: a) Background Context: The existing communications cabling infrastructure at the City of Maple Ridge's Operations Centre has reached the end of its useful life and requires replacement in order to mitigate and resolve network failures, connectivity, and safety issues at this critical site. The existing Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system (SCADA) servers that allow staff to monitor real-time data and control equipment, and associated communications equipment have outgrown their current locations and require consolidation into a larger server room with adequate space and appropriate climate control. An internal project team comprised of staff from Facilities, Operations (Electro-Mechanical), and Information Technology were engaged through the project design and development to ensure the design supports both current and future needs of the City. DMD & Associates Ltd. were retained for the design drawings, specifications, and technical expertise. Request for Proposal PL23-1 Data Re-Cabling & Server Room Relocation Project was posted on BC Bid and two bids were received before closing, as noted in the following table: Bidder Bid Price (plus applicable taxes) Paladin Technologies Inc. $379,748.02 IDR Commercial Construction Management $1,086,516.68 The lowest priced proposal submitted by Paladin Technologies was incomplete and non- compliant IDR Commercial Construction Management was the highest scoring proposal, evaluated according to the stated criteria for experience and qualifications, methodology, and price. Staff is satisfied that IDR Commercial Construction Management and their team of subcontractors have the required experience and qualifications to complete the work successfully. b) Desired Outcome: The desired outcome is to replace a cable plant that has reached end of life and causes significant issues for staff working at this facility. The Operation Centre's network speed, resiliency, and consistency as well as the SCADA system's availability will be improved and a larger, climate-controlled server room to house critical SCADA and communications infrastructure will be provided. c) Strategic Alignment: This project supports Council's Strategic Priorities as follows: 1) Liveable Community -develop infrastructure that positions the City to provide accessible and sustainable services while accommodating growth; and 2) Governance and Corporate Excellence -deliver an exceptional customer experience across city services. d) Citizen/Customer Implications: System outages and cutovers required for this project will be carefully scheduled to minimize disruptions to staff and services at the Operation Centre. Once complete, staff will experience fewer outages and connectivity issues. Doc# 3376659 Page 2 of 3 Notice of Motion by Councillor A. Yousef Whereas the City of Maple Ridge recognizes the negative impact of open drug use in municipal parks and public spaces and the effects on the safety of our community, specifically families, youth, and children; Therefore be it resolved that the City of Maple Ridge enact a prohibition of illicit drug use in all city parks and outdoor public gathering spaces. Highlights from Academic Research *Conventional wisdom suggests that neighborhood residence has important implications for individual health and development generally and for substance use specifically. Despite a relative dearth of empirical research, sociological and criminological theory provide a strong foundation for exploring neighborhood influences on residents' behavioral and mental health. Much of this theory focuses on the implications of living in poor neighborhoods. For instance, social disorganization theory (Shaw & McKay, 1969)--an extremely influential theory that examines relations between neighborhoods and crime-- suggests that neighborhood-level characteristics like low socioeconomic status (SES), ethnic heterogeneity, and residential mobility disrupt social organization and lead to crime and delinquency. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-19890-022 *the social science on “neighborhood effects” as an independent force in shaping poor outcomes, specifically mental illness and criminal behavior, before discussing the implications of that research for understanding the relationship between neighborhoods, race and class. Neighborhood effects research has proliferated in recent years with extensive attention again being focused on the social context of family and individual development and life course. Moreover, recent work has suggested the need to consider the developmental effects of neighborhoods that persist across life-span. This paper will focus specifically on mental illness and criminal behavior as outcomes for understanding neighborhood effects, but will also consider what the structural causes of individual behavior and functioning mean for clinical assessment, especially forensic assessment. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4169988/ *Only 10% of the children had experienced no adversity, while more than 20% had experienced 5 or more types of childhood adversity. At age 12, 37% of the children sampled had some health complaint. Exposure to 5 or more adversities, particularly exposure in the second 6 years of life, was significantly associated with increased risks of any health complaint (odds ratio [OR] 2.24, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02–4.96), an illness requiring a doctor (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.02–15.1), and caregivers’ reports of child's somatic complaints (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.0). There was no association between adverse exposures and self-rated poor health or self-rated somatic complaints. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876285908002635 Background https://www.castanet.net/news/Salmon-Arm/422683/Mayor-of-Sicamous-says-drug-use-bylaw-to-stay- despite-IH-call-to-wait-and-see?fbclid=IwAR3QGu4NiciWJ-VwOdyRZaugGPydmireRy- hLRe1g2XRCu5Tllejpkt4MUk https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/kelowna-drug-decriminalization-exemption- 1.6781765?fbclid=IwAR1triXDhHxxJLBeH_7KTDcCUVotatjj61pLzYjj2nNUWYXEHkkruG8xnlE Kamloops and Campbell River have set in motion new bylaws that will prohibit drug use at parks, beaches and playgrounds in the same way as smoking and consuming alcohol. https://www.theorca.ca/commentary/rob-shaw-how-the-provinces-drug-decriminalization-program-is- meeting-opposition-in-bc-municipalities-6889430?fbclid=IwAR1VxItRBq- uKhovi82qvNI_2ptDHJLEDwPfWOZa0x3MNbSE8GPobYlyiIc https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/bc-news/campbell-river-tries-again-to-ban-public-drug- consumption- 6893509?%3Futm_source=twitter&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=snd&fbclid=IwAR0ZWvTLyr9 S2Yd2f7uUZoniZFxZBJYqqi53j2GjMttoPO9gUhe75ysuQKQ https://www.timescolonist.com/local-news/campbell-river-scraps-bylaw-changes-to-ban-drug- consumption-on-public-property- 6610913?fbclid=IwAR07WI0DlLDVS3mxRfjAKeSO2_xsTPALyTOacbQJgAHZVeCHZddnVpBDscs 5/4/23, 9:13 AM Neighborhood influences on substance use etiology: Is where you live important? https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-19890-022 1/1 (/)(https://www.apa.org) Neighborhood influences on substance use etiology: Is where youlive important? Chapter Database: APA PsycInfo EXPORT Add To My List Cited by 16 (/search/citedBy/2009-19890-022) Gardner, Margo (/search/results?term=Gardner,%20Margo&latSearchType=a) Barajas, R. Gabriela (/search/results?term=Barajas,%20R.%20Gabriela&latSearchTyp e=a) Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne (/search/results?term=Brooks-Gunn,%20Jeanne&latSearchType=a) Citation Gardner, M., Barajas, R. G., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2010). Neighborhood influences on substance use etiology: Is where you live important? In L. Scheier (Ed.), Handbook of drug use etiology: Theory, methods, and empirical findings (pp. 423–441). American Psychological Association. Conventional wisdom suggests that neighborhood residence has important implications for individual health and development generally and for substance use specifically. Despite a relative dearth of empirical research, sociological and criminological theory provide a strong foundation for exploring neighborhood influences on residents' behavioral and mental health. Much of this theory focuses on the implications of living in poor neighborhoods. For instance, social disorganization theory (Shaw & McKay, 1969)--an extremely influential theory that examines relations between neighborhoods and crime--suggests that neighborhood-level characteristics like low socioeconomic status (SES), ethnic heterogeneity, and residential mobility disrupt social organization and lead to crime and delinquency. Newer theories, which seek to explain relations between neighborhood residence and a variety of individual-level outcomes (see Jencks & Mayer, 1990, and Leventhal & Brooks-Gunn, 2000, for reviews), build on the underlying assumption of social disorganization theory--namely, that structural features of neighborhoods (e.g., SES, ethnic diversity, and mobility) influence individuals' behavior through their impact on neighborhood-level social processes. Little is known about the social processes that link neighborhood structure and substance use outcomes. Relevant extant research is limited in scope and has focused primarily on the direct, unmediated influence of neighborhood SES. Findings on the influence of neighborhoods are mixed. Some studies have suggested that residents in lower SES neighborhoods are at greater risk of substance use and substance use problems than are residents in higher SES neighborhoods (Boardman, Finch, Ellison, Williams, & Jackson, 2001; Carpiano, 2007; Chaix, Merlo, Subramanian, Lynch, & Chauvin, 2005; Datta et al, 2006; Finch, Kolody, & Vega, 1999; Kleinschmidt, Hills, & Elliott, 1995; Saxe et al, 2001; Steptoe & Feldman, 2001; Stimpson, Ju, Raji, & Eschbach, 2007). Other studies have indicated that the opposite is true (Chuang, Ennett, Bauman, & Foshee, 2005; Fauth, Leventhal, & Brooks-Gunn, 2007; Galea, Ahern, Tracy, Rudenstine, & Vlahov, 2007; Galea, Ahem, Tracy, & Vlahov, 2007; Pollack, Cubbin, Ahn, & Winkleby, 2005). Borrowing heavily from the theoretical traditions just described (Jencks & Mayer, 1990; Leventhal & Brooks-Gunn, 2000; Shaw & McKay, 1969), we provide a framework for understanding how neighborhood-level processes might explain these mixed findings. Our review is divided into three parts. First, we discuss different approaches to measuring the influence of neighborhood residence. Second, we review the empirical literature describing links between neighborhood SES--the most frequently researched dimension of neighborhood structure--and substance use outcomes among adolescents and adults. Finally, we discuss the processes through which neighborhood SES might influence adolescent and adult substance use outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract © 2023 American Psychological Association. 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242 (https://www.facebook.com/APAdatabases/) (https://twitter.com/apa_databases) ( https://www.youtube.com/c/APAPublishingTra (https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/am Neighborhood Effects, Mental Illness and Criminal Behavior: A Review David Freedman1 and George W. Woods2 1Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 2Morehouse University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Abstract This paper briefly reviews the social science on “neighborhood effects” as an independent force in shaping poor outcomes, specifically mental illness and criminal behavior, before discussing the implications of that research for understanding the relationship between neighborhoods, race and class. Neighborhood effects research has proliferated in recent years with extensive attention again being focused on the social context of family and individual development and life course. Moreover, recent work has suggested the need to consider the developmental effects of neighborhoods that persist across life-span. This paper will focus specifically on mental illness and criminal behavior as outcomes for understanding neighborhood effects, but will also consider what the structural causes of individual behavior and functioning mean for clinical assessment, especially forensic assessment. Keywords death penalty; neighborhood effects; race; poverty; criminal behavior; mental illness 1. Introduction Neighborhood effects research, using an expansive array of data and analyses, has made significant strides in the last twenty-five years (Raudenbush & Sampson, 1999). The relationship between neighborhoods and poor mental and physical health, although studied for decades (Faris, 1939, Reprinted 1965), now more clearly and strongly links neighborhoods to mortality, heart disease, cancer, low birth weight, infant mortality, childhood illnesses, asthma, depression, anxiety, smoking, diet and nutrition, hypertension, heart disease, suicide, accidental injuries, lead exposure, and numerous other illnesses (Roux & Mair, 2010; Morenoff & Lynch, 2004). Research on the association of family and neighborhood characteristics with delinquency and crime also began more than seventy-five Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Correspondence: David Freedman, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168th Street, 7th Floor, New York, New York 10032, USA. Tel: 1-212-543-5629. df2379@columbia.edu. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. Published in final edited form as: J Politics Law. 2013 September 1; 6(3): 1–16. doi:10.5539/jpl.v6n3p1.NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t years ago, reaching conclusions about the fundamental role of family life and neighborhood in behavioral problems that have been confirmed over the decades since (Glueck & Glueck, 1950; Healy & Bronner, 1936; Sampson & Laub, 1993; Shaw & McKay, 1969). Nevertheless, serious research issues remain concerning both how to measure neighborhood effects and how to interpret results that suggest associations (Roux, 2008; Oakes, 2004). Recently, Sampson (2008) articulated an important conceptual framework for understanding the mechanisms by which neighborhoods effect individuals (Sampson, 2008). This framework argues for a dual import to neighborhoods: first, as the situational context of family and individual life - which has long been how neighborhoods are viewed (Bronfenbrenner, 1977); but second, as influencing the developmental and enduring early life course that shapes long-term development, behavior and health throughout the life of the individual regardless of subsequent neighborhood stability or individual mobility (Sampson, 2008). In considering outcomes such as mental illness and criminal behavior, this dual framework suggests important possibilities for understanding and preventing illness and crime, and therefore, is also important for clinical and forensic neuropsychiatric practice. In this paper, we first briefly review some of the research related to neighborhoods and mental health in adults and children. We next focus more specifically on the research related to psychosis, child abuse and witnessing violence, neurotoxicant exposure and finally criminal behavior. As discussed throughout these sections, issues of race/ethnicity and poverty are interwoven into the research findings, but we also address more directly race and class and neighborhoods in considering the pathways and mechanisms by which neighborhoods may be associated with these outcomes. 2. Mental Illness and Neighborhoods Historically, mental illness has been seen as a condition of the individual alone. Individuals, rather than families or communities, are diagnosed with mental illnesses, except in certain rare disorders, like shared delusional disorder, where several individuals, or even a community may suffer shared psychiatric symptoms. Certainly, few would disagree that mental illness is embodied in the individual. As a result, mental illness is susceptible to the individualistic fallacy which assumes that individual-level outcomes should be attributed solely to individual characteristics or traits (Silver, 2000). However, families and neighborhoods have clear associations with, and in some instances appear to be causally related to, mental illnesses. Current research finds independent, statistically significant effects when examining neighborhoods and mental illness. As Oakes writes: “It would be shocking to learn that [social] contexts did not somehow impact health. The question is about magnitude, mechanism, and mutability” (Oakes, 2004) at p.1929. The effect sizes are often small, leading to debate as to the significance of association. Yet, the question for people interested in identification, prevention, and treatment of mental illness and shifting the career course of offenders, as well as those interested in understanding the neurodevelopment and life course, is not to parse the exact contribution of one risk factor while holding all else constant, but rather to understand the interaction and mediation of associated risks that act together, both the direct and indirect effects of neighborhoods, to shape the life experiences of those who become and are mentally ill (Hafeman, 2008). Freedman and Woods Page 2 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t Further, while neighborhoods are the collection of individuals, suggesting that aggregated individual data might explain the neighborhood, they are also more than the sum of the individual parts. Neighborhoods have quantifiable characteristics above and beyond the aggregated individual level. For instance, vacancy rates in residential areas are a measure of the neighborhood characteristics, not the individuals who do or do not live in the area. Similarly, a neighborhood which is densely poor, may in fact have some individuals who are exceptionally wealthy. To simply use mean or median income as a measure of the neighborhood may misrepresent the lived experience of those in the neighborhood, thereby missing or mischaracterizing the effect of social context on that lived experience. Additionally, the rate of change over time of a neighborhood may be quite different than the duration of residence of any set of individuals in that area, reflecting qualities other than the aggregated sum of residents at any given point in time. Finally, neighborhoods may change by virtue of policy (changes in zoning, increased infrastructure investment to improve walkability, or the lifting of restrictive covenants) or by virtue of adjacent neighborhood changes (increased public transportation or expansion of services in the adjacent neighborhood), influences which have no individual level corresponding characteristic. Neighborhoods, then, are more than an aggregate of individual level characteristics, but that does not sufficiently define what constitutes “neighborhood” or what should be measured to capture its characteristics. Most simply, neighborhood are the utilized space in the daily functioning of people and families, the place where people live and move to work or play or school, to shop, to interact with other people. Yet, such a simply definition would mean that every person has his or her own “neighborhood,” making the concept incoherent and quantitatively useless. Some researchers have used statistically available geographic boundaries (such as census tracts) or the aggregation of individual characteristics (the place where most people have a high socio-economic status). Some have proposed thorough approaches to defining neighborhoods for research purposes (Aronson, Wallis, O'Campo, & Schafer, 2007; Azrael et al., 2009; L. Weiss, Ompad, Galea, & Vlahov, 2007), but few studies utilize such careful and time intensive approaches. While our review is bounded by the definitions used by the researchers who conducted the studies, the conceptual approach to neighborhoods is predicated on the idea that neighborhoods are defined by physical space, shared social norms and expectations, social networks, and institutional structures. Structural and distal causes of functioning and behavior affect groups and populations. Clinical and forensic practice often becomes over-focused on the individual, losing out on important influences and risks that increase the rates and risks for mental illness, as well as the possibilities of intervention and prevention. Thus, when we examine individuals and seek to understand why this person got this disease at this time, we are often unable to examine and understand the mechanisms by which an illness is distributed within a population (Rose, 1985). By understanding the role of neighborhoods and communities in mental illness, we are able to compare not just individuals to other individuals, but social contexts in which those individuals developed and lived and became ill. Freedman and Woods Page 3 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t 2.1 Adults Truong and Ma (2006) reviewed the literature on adult mental health and neighborhoods (Truong & Ma, 2006). They found 27/29 studies reported statistically significant neighborhood effect on mental health for adults. The studies used differing measures of neighborhood and outcomes, making comparisons difficult across the group of studies, but in general, the evidence supported the finding that neighborhoods have an independent effect on the incidence of mental illness, specifically: symptoms of depression, psychological distress, anxiety and psychosis. The studies fell into three groupings regarding the proposed mechanisms of these effects: structural characteristics of the neighborhoods (i.e., socio-demographic make-up), neighborhood disorder (i.e., perceived safety and social and/or physical “uncivility”), and environmental stressors (i.e., stressors and resources). The United States Office of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) sought to directly test whether concentrated poverty caused worse mental health, employment, and school outcomes by conducting an experiment which randomized people into types of housing options. The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) project randomized a sample of people living in neighborhoods of concentrated poverty in five major cities, into three groups: the first group, a control group who continued to be eligible for public housing; the second group was referred to as the Section 8 group, received a Section 8 housing voucher without geographic restriction; and the third group, the experimental group, was given a Section 8 housing voucher that restricted the density of poverty in the census tract to which they were permitted to move (Kling, Liebman, & Katz, 2007). Although much debate about how to interpret the results, and whether the experimental design was adequate to find results given how few people opted to move or moved into neighborhoods that offered better opportunity (Aliprantis & Richter, 2012), has followed the MTO project, a few clear findings emerge. Adult mental health, for those who moved out of concentrated poverty (a small portion of the experimental group), improved significantly and those improvements have persisted over time (Kling et al., 2007). Other studies have found similar, more robust, relationships between adult mental well- being and neighborhood effects. For instance, a ten-year longitudinal study of British civil servants examined neighborhood deprivation and social fragmentation, independent of individual socio-economic status, and found each associated with poorer mental functioning. The differences over time widened between those in more-compared-to-less fragmented neighborhoods as well as those in more-compared-to-less deprived neighborhoods, indicating a cumulative negative effect of deprivation and fragmentation (Stafford, Gimeno, & Marmot, 2008). 2.2 Children and Adolescents As with adults, children's mental health and behavioral problems are also associated with neighborhood effects, most typically concentrated disadvantage (Caughy, Nettles, & O'Campo, 2008; Xue, Leventhal, Brooks-Gunn, & Earls, 2005). Children living in poverty were more likely than non-poor children to have a psychiatric disorder (Costello, Compton, Keeler, & Angold, 2003); psychological distress is higher among those who live in high poverty neighborhoods (Schulz et al., 2000); and those living in poverty have substantially Freedman and Woods Page 4 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t worse physical health (Aber, Bennett, Conley, & Li, 1997). Poverty's consequences continue to effect children as they develop, with lowered education attainment, heightened risk of accidents, increased school drop-out, decreased IQ, increased risk for child maltreatment and neglect and increased behavior problems (Baydar, Brooks-Gunn, & Furstenberg, 1993; Duncan, Brooks-Gunn, & Klebanov, 1994; Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn, & Morgan, 1987). When children moved from poverty to wealth in a natural experiment, after four years of affluence, psychiatric symptoms of previously poor children declined to match those children who had never been poor. This effect was strongest in the area of behavioral symptoms, e.g. conduct and oppositional disorder (Costello et al., 2003). However, the evidence that changing neighborhoods improves child mental health is not always observed. For instance, children in the MTO had different outcomes of moving to less densely poor neighborhoods depending on gender and victimization, with girls' mental health improving but boys from vulnerable families experiencing a worsening mental health (Osypuk, Schmidt, et al., 2012; Osypuk, Tchetgen, et al., 2012). These findings suggest that neighborhoods in and of themselves are not the answer to mental health problems, but support the notion that they must be considered as influential variables when assessing risk and causation, and considered as part of the mechanism of both good and poor mental health outcomes. Similar research explains that child problem behaviors may be explained, at least in part by measures of concentrated disadvantage. While controlling for individual family economic factors, the research indicates that neighborhood economic disadvantage has a significant impact on maladaptive behaviors. Thus, a child whose family's economic status is above the poverty line, but who lives in a neighborhood of concentrated disadvantage, is at heightened risk for behavior problems. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood is an independent risk for behavior problems for children over time. This appears most significant during the transition from childhood to adolescence (Kalff et al., 2001; Schneiders et al., 2003). Studies of twins raised apart found that variability in intelligence among children is related to the socioeconomic status of the family in which the twin was raised: for those raised in poverty, their poverty accounted for 60% of the variance in IQ scores while genes accounted for nearly none of the variance; for those raised in affluence, the results showed the opposite, with genes accounting for about 60% of variance (Turkheimer, Haley, Waldron, D'Onofrio, & Gottesman, 2003). Other studies have found pre-frontal cortex deficits, manifested as executive dysfunction, related to socio-economic status (SES), although most of them have relied on global measures of SES and not sought to differentiate the influence of more closely defined neighborhood factors from SES. Nevertheless, impairments have been noted in cognitive flexibility, language performance and working memory associated with low SES (Kishiyama, Boyce, Jimenez, Perry, & Knight, 2009). Conversely, collective efficacy may underlie resilience in some children and may lower the incidence of mental illness (Xue et al., 2005). Freedman and Woods Page 5 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t 3. Psychosis and Neighborhood While depression and anxiety in relation to chaotic and fear-inducing neighborhood conditions makes a kind of simple conceptual sense (Cutrona, Wallace, & Wesner, 2006), the relationship between neighborhoods and psychosis is less intuitive. Nevertheless, many studies have now found strong associations between psychosis and neighborhood effects. A recent review found an increased incidence of schizophrenia across many countries, although primarily in Europe, for migrants (Cantor-Graae, 2007). A meta-analysis of 50 studies examining first and second generation migrants found a relative risk of 2.9 schizophrenia, with second generation immigrants having an RR of 4.5 and immigrants of color having an RR of 4.8 (Cantor-Graae & Selten, 2005). Another review, which specifically examined urbanicity and neighborhood effects, found that both are associated with psychosis but that methodological problems in the reviewed studies undermine the ability to reach conclusions regarding neighborhood effects. Of the 44 studies reviewed, urbanicity was found to increase the risk of psychosis between two- and four-fold; and, despite methodological problems, many of the individual neighborhood effects studies found significant associations but were unable to reach broader conclusions (March et al., 2008). Some of the current hypotheses regarding why the rates of psychosis are higher for some migrants include discrimination and social isolation. That is, that the social experience of migration, especially for migrants of color moving into countries which are predominantly white, contributes to the vulnerability and onset of psychosis. For instance, a study of psychosis in The Hague found the experience of racial/ethnic discrimination raised the incidence of psychosis, with high discrimination experiences leading to 4 incidence rate ratios compared to 1.2 incidence rate rations for very low discrimination exposure. Neighborhood measures included rates of long-term unemployment, income, poor quality of housing, and level of education. This study suggests that the perception of discrimination may contribute to increased risk for psychosis (Veling et al., 2007). Similarly, in a prospective study of the incidence of psychosis, immigrants living in neighborhoods where their own ethnic group comprised only a small percent of the population had higher incidence, suggesting that social isolation and the experience of exclusion may also play a role in the development of psychosis (Veling et al., 2008). Moreover, a case-control study of first episode psychosis found that cases were more socially disadvantaged and isolated than controls. Six domains were included for assessing disadvantage and isolation: education, employment, living arrangements, housing, relationships and social networks. As the number of indicated risk factors rose, the incidence of psychosis rose as well. The initial risk for psychosis was generally similar for White British and Black Caribbean immigrants, but Black Caribbean immigrants had higher exposure to the indicated risk factors (Morgan et al., 2008). One hypothesis, which needs further research, suggests that the higher rates of psychosis and the higher rates of child abuse that are associated with neighborhood effects may be related to each other. A recent study found a dose-response relationship in a prospective study Freedman and Woods Page 6 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t between childhood trauma and the risk of psychosis, with an odds ratio for child abuse predicting psychosis of 7.3 percent (Janssen et al., 2004). Others have reported this association as well (Larkin & Morrison, 2006). 4. Childhood Physical /Sexual Abuse, Witnessing Violence and Neighborhoods The long-term mental health consequences of childhood physical and sexual abuse and witnessing violence are well-established (Follette, Polusny, Bechtle, & Naugle, 1996; Herman, 1997; Kaplan et al., 1998; Malinoskyrummell & Hansen, 1993; Martinez & Richters, 1993; Maughan & Cicchetti, 2002; Roberts, O'Connor, Dunn, Golding, & Team, 2004; Van der Kolk, McFarlane, & Weisæth, 1996). Parental abuse of children has historically been viewed solely as a failure of parenting; not an unreasonable view, but one that may be too narrow when seeking to understand and prevent such abuse (Molnar, Buka, Brennan, Holton, & Earls, 2003). More recently, researchers have found considerable agreement across a range of studies that neighborhood disadvantage is also associated with child maltreatment. That is, neighborhoods have a significant effect on the incidence of childhood physical and sexual abuse even when controlling for individual and family differences (Coulton, Crampton, Irwin, Spilsbury, & Korbin, 2007). Abuse has been associated with economic and family resources, residential instability and geographic proximity to neighborhoods of concentrated disadvantage (Coulton, Korbin, Su, & Chow, 1995). Concentrated disadvantage and community violence significantly predicted parent to child aggression (Molnar et al., 2003). The measure of the concentrated disadvantage of the neighborhood typically refers to the percentage of residents below the poverty line, the percentage on family assistance, the percentage of female headed households, the percentage of unemployed, the percentage of children under 18, and the percentage of African Americans (Coulton, Korbin, & Su, 1999; Coulton et al., 1995; Molnar et al., 2003). The statistical findings of the effect of neighborhoods on the incidence of abuse is significant but small because family factors interact with neighborhood factors. The interaction makes sense, because although the family is the actual mechanism of the maltreatment, neighborhood-level factors such as economic and family resources, residential instability, household make-up, and geographic proximity to concentrated poverty areas are all associated with the occurrence of maltreatment. Thus, while this research indicates that neighborhoods do not primarily cause child maltreatment, neighborhood factors are part of the understanding of how and when and why child maltreatment occurs. Neighborhoods with the highest maltreatment rates were those with high combinations of poverty, unemployment, racial segregation, abandoned housing, population loss, lack of child care, few elderly residents, and which border other neighborhoods with high density poverty. These structural factors explain a significant part of the statistical variance in maltreatment across neighborhoods (Coulton et al., 1995). Moreover, witnessing community violence has been shown to be associated with both behavioral and psychological problems in youth. The individual effects of exposure to community violence (depression, withdrawal, dissociative coping, aggression, substance abuse, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder and other physiological deficits) are significant Freedman and Woods Page 7 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t (Buka, Stichick, Birdthistle, & Earls, 2001; Salzinger, Feldman, Stockhammer, & Hood, 2002). Witnessing community violence is related to child maltreatment and poor outcomes as both the “severity of neglect and victimization by violence in the community are significant predictors of children's functioning” (p. 246) (Lynch & Cicchetti, 1998). The neighborhood can create increased risk for both exposure to violence and for physical and sexual abuse within the family (Garbarino & Sherman, 1980). A community survey found that where there were lower than expected rates of child abuse there was higher reported satisfaction with neighborhoods (Garbarino & Sherman, 1980). They suggested that neighborhood, and community member perception of the neighborhood, was an important factor in child maltreatment. Similarly, a neighborhood with a high degree of collective efficacy may in fact provide a protective effect against child abuse. Meaning, where the neighborhood has strong social cohesion, that cohesion may provide a protection for children against the violence of a parent (Silk, Sessa, Morris, Steinberg, & Avenevoli, 2004). Neighborhoods have been associated with resiliency as well, meaning, neighborhood advantage may assist abused children in more quickly overcoming and coping with the abuse (DuMont, Widom, & Czaja, 2007). 5. Neurotoxicant Exposures Exposure to neurotoxicants, in particular pesticides, metals and solvents, is also a pervasive neighborhood-level problem that has significant effects on developmental course (Landrigan et al., 1999). For instance, exposure to DDT in utero has been found to cause significant neuro-developmental delays (Eskenazi et al., 2006). Similarly, childhood exposures to pesticides and flame retardants have been associated with persistent neuro-developmental delays (Eskenazi, Bradman, & Castorina, 1999; Eskenazi et al., 2013). The neighborhood level issues result from the unequal distribution of environmental hazards such that they disproportionately expose some people more than others (Cole & Foster, 2001). The effect of lead, for instance, has clearly been shown to be unequally distributed by both race and class, as well as being related to a host of negative health and mental health outcomes (Hu, Shih, Rothenberg, & Schwartz, 2007). The likelihood and extent of exposure to neurotoxicants is dependent, at least in part, on neighborhood factors such as segregation and density of poverty and public policy related to the zoning of hazards and housing; these factors in turn shape the developmental course of those who live in neighborhoods with high levels of neurotoxic agents (Bullard, Johnson, & Torres, 2000). Researchers have sometimes viewed neurotoxicant exposure as a confound of poverty. This appears to be an inaccurate inference, however, and may lead to a false attribution of effects (Bellinger, 2008). Instead, Bellinger has argued that lead exposure is an effect modification with potential direct influence on dose-response relationships, and therefore on health outcomes (Bellinger, 2000). Therefore, rather than “controlling” for context when assessing the effect of neurotoxicant exposure on health and behavior, this research suggests a more careful consideration of the effect modification of neighborhood level effects when considering the outcomes of exposure. Freedman and Woods Page 8 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t Both high exposures (including poisoning) and chronic, low-level exposures are associated with a host of negative health and mental health effects. A wealth of research indicates that chronic pesticide exposure is associated with decreased cognitive, psychomotor and psychiatric functioning (Kamel & Hoppin, 2004). These changes can persist throughout the life time of the exposed person and can be dramatic (Ecobichon & Joy, 1994; Feldman, 1999). For children, from in utero to adolescence, the human body is less able to physiologically eliminate pesticides compared to adults. The absorption in children is more than 70% compared to absorption in adults of 30% of many chemical agents. In addition, because the central nervous system is developing during the course of adolescence and vulnerable to toxic mutation, exposure prior to and during adolescence alters the development and functioning of the brain to a greater degree (Rice & Barone, 2000). Perhaps more than any other agent, the neurocognitive effects of lead have been studied extensively. Declines in IQ scores have been demonstrated over many years (Canfield, Henderson, et al., 2003; Lanphear et al., 2005); reduction in brain volume, specifically in frontal gray matter and the anterior cingulate cortex, has more recently been shown (Cecil et al., 2008); behavioral problems, including arrests, as well as neuropsychological impairments such as spatial attention, executive functioning, attention, working memory and learning (Canfield, Kreher, Cornwell, & Henderson, 2003; Surkan et al., 2007; Wright et al., 2008). Lead exposure has also been associated with depression, anxiety, irritability and anger (Shih, Hu, Weisskopf, & Schwartz, 2007). In adults, the cumulative exposure to lead is associated with increased neurocognitive decline. The most significant association between bone-lead level and cognitive decline was found in total cognitive score, spatial ability, learning and memory, and in executive functioning over time compared to controls (Khalil et al., 2009). The consequences of cumulative life-time lead exposure are exacerbated by neighborhood level psychosocial hazards. The combination resulted in diminished cognitive functioning in executive function and language areas for adults. The lead exposure-cognitive impairment demonstrated dose- response characteristics and has a plausible biological mechanism (Glass et al., 2009). Pesticides have also been shown to significantly increase the risk for mental illness based on both chronic exposure and poisoning. While pesticide poisoning increased the risk of depression by an odds ratio of 2.57%, chronic exposure increased the odds ration by 1.54 percent (Beseler et al., 2008). Pesticides (primarily organophosphates and organochlorines) are also associated with a host of symptoms that may be short- or long-term in duration: irritability, depression, anxiety, mood lability, agitation, memory impairment, confusion, hallucinations, academic deficits, hyperactivity, poor concentration, paranoia, dissociation and somatic complaints (Brown, 2002). Finally, environmental deprivation may have a potentiating effect on neurotoxicant exposure deficits. Put more positively, environmental enrichment can serve as a tool to assist exposed children in being resilient. Heightened stress (such as exposure to violence or negative neighborhood factors) and heightened maternal stress also appear to negatively interact with Freedman and Woods Page 9 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t neurotoxic exposure (Cory-Slechta, Virgolini, Thiruchelvam, Weston, & Bauter, 2004; Weiss & Bellinger, 2006). In this way, a mechanism by which neurotoxic exposure and the other neighborhood level factors discussed can be understood to relate to worsened mental health outcomes. 6. Criminal Behavior As discussed above, immigration studies first found a “race” effect for psychosis, but later research suggests that the perception of discrimination and migration status itself, as well as neighborhood effects, may be the more important mechanisms in understanding the observed findings. This is not to argue for a more limited view of the importance of race and class, but rather for a more precise measurement -- and as a result of so doing, to shift the individual-level markers of race and class back to the structural-level of their operation and effect and to understand for what they stand as proxies (Manly, 2006; Manly & Echemendia, 2007). No area of research more so than studies of criminal behavior has been confounded by issues of race and class. Having reviewed some of the neighborhood effects literature on mental health, the question arises as to how neighborhood effects may relate to criminal behavior. Are the same factors observed in the health and mental health research found in the research on criminal behavior? Recently, the role of race and class in the perception of neighborhood disorder has attracted attention, with some research suggesting that the racial and class make-up of a neighborhood shapes people's perceptions of disorder more than trash, graffiti or broken windows (Franzini, Caughy, Nettles, & O'Campo, 2008). This research runs directly counter to the “broken window” theory of crime, first posited in 1982 (Wilson & Kelling, 2011), which suggested that public disorder of any sort leads to criminal behavior (Kelling & Coles, 1996). This theory argues that the unrepaired window leads to the breakdown of community social control, and therefore increased crime. The idea that race and class perceptions, rather than disorder, effect residents' view of neighborhoods undermines the proposition that disorder is causative of violence. However, when the question of race and crime are analyzed directly, the results indicate that neighborhood disadvantage rather than race explains significantly more variation in crime rates. Individual differences (family poverty status, IQ, and impulsivity) accounted for about 6% of variance between white and African-American crime, whereas neighborhood disadvantage (including racial segregation) explained 60% of the difference (Sampson, Morenoff, & Raudenbush, 2005). Further, variation between neighborhoods is more significant to understanding crime than race, meaning that crime rates for whites and African-Americans are almost identical when controlling for neighborhood level differences (Peterson, Krivo, & Hagan, 2006). These findings echo those of McNulty and Bellair who reported that differences between neighborhoods, rather than people, explained criminal youth violence (McNulty & Bellair, 2003). In fact, in an analysis of Chicago neighborhoods and homicide, researchers found that spatial proximity to violence, collective efficacy and measures of affluence/resource Freedman and Woods Page 10 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t inequality were the most significant predictors of variations in homicide rates (Morenoff, Sampson, & Raudenbush, 2001). This research challenges the view that minor disorder leads to major crime, finding instead that low collective efficacy neighborhoods tend to be higher in both disorder and criminal activity (Sampson & Raudenbush, 1999; Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997a). Most interestingly, this research has shown that where collective efficacy is high, that is, where neighbors have shared expectations and the neighborhood has a strong sense of cohesion, even where poverty is concentrated, crime is low; and in a analysis of homicides, the findings are even stronger that the combination of collective efficacy and measures of inequality are exceptionally strong predictors of homicides (Morenoff et al., 2001). Relatedly, research has shown that impulsive boys were at greater risk for juvenile offending if they lived in densely poor neighborhoods compared to impulsive boys who lived in better neighborhoods (Lynam et al., 2000). As suggested by this research, the interaction between individual factors, such as mental illness, and neighborhood effects, such as dense poverty or collective efficacy, suggests that context is critical to understanding behavior and outcomes of concern such as criminal offending. 7. Neighborhood Effects Mechanisms and Implications The research reviewed here on crime and mental illness suggests that neighborhood effects must be considered if the determinants of behavior and functioning are to be understood. Neighborhoods are defined by physical space, shared social norms and expectations, social networks, and institutional structures, and neighborhoods do appear to play a role in the mechanism by which some people develop mental illnesses, and behavioral and functional impairments. Sampson (2008) argues for understanding neighborhood effects mechanisms on individual behavior in two ways: first, in the situational context of life-course in a place; and second, in the developmental and enduring effects that neighborhoods exercise on early life course that may persist throughout the life of the individual regardless of neighborhood stability or individual mobility (Sampson, 2008). Certainly the known long-term effects of childhood exposure to violence, childhood exposure to neurotoxicants and the onset and course of many serious mental illnesses, support the notion of studying neighborhood effects in this way. That the effects long outlast changed circumstances supports the concept of examining both context and developmental course. The literature on neighborhood effects would appear to point to collective efficacy and concentrated disadvantage as the ways in which individuals are shaped by neighborhoods. Collective efficacy, which refers to the level of mutual trust and cohesion among residents and their willingness to work toward the common good is related to the structural characteristics of the neighborhood. Collective efficacy includes a shared willingness and capacity for people in a neighborhood to intervene informally (exercise informal social control) in neighborhood activities to promote social good. Research has shown that where collective efficacy is high, that is, where neighbors have shared expectations and the neighborhood has a strong sense of cohesion, even where poverty is concentrated, crime is low (Sampson et al., 1997a). Freedman and Woods Page 11 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t Alternatively, in neighborhoods in which collective efficacy is low, residents may feel isolated and have little belief in the neighborhood's capacity to improve negative situations, such as drug dealing or crime. In such neighborhoods residents are less willing to enforce conventional behaviors or provide control for inappropriate activities that occur (Earls & Carlson, 2001; Sampson, Morenoff, & Earls, 1999). Neighborhood effects research has found that concentrated disadvantage and residential instability explain 70% of neighborhood variation in how willing people are to help their neighbors, intervene on their behalf or protect other people's children (Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997b). A recent summary of neighborhood research finds that [T]he evidence is solid on the ecological differentiation of American cities along socio-economic and racial lines, which in turn corresponds to the spatial differentiation of neighborhoods by multiple child, adolescent, and adult behaviors. These conditions are interrelated and appear to vary in systematic and theoretically meaningful ways with hypothesized social mechanisms such as informal social control, trust, institutional resources and routines, peer-group delinquency, and perceived disorder. An important take-away of our assessment is that these and other neighborhood-level mechanisms can be measured reliably with survey, observational, and archival approaches. (p. 473) (Sampson, Morenoff, & Gannon-Rowley, 2002). Neighborhood processes can and should be treated as ecological or collective phenomena rather than as individual-level perceptions or traits. Collective efficacy is a measure of informal social control and mutual dependence, where people believe that members of their community will assist them when they are in need. Nevertheless, collective efficacy has an independent effect on both contextual and life-course development of mental illness and criminal behavior. This effect is significant enough that it should not be overlooked or studied by proxy measures. Similarly, concentrated disadvantage, rather than vague notions of socioeconomic status or other proxy markers, have demonstrated robust impact on the context and life-course of individuals as indicated when looking at mental illness and criminal behavior as outcomes. Although often studied through proxy measures that fail to adequately address how and why concentrated disadvantage operates, significant findings point to concentrated disadvantage having life-course effects (Sampson, 2008). Perhaps equally significant in this research are the questions that are raised about how we understand race and class. Both have been used variously as proxy measures to the detriment of more nuanced understandings. Each needs to be deconstructed if we are to explore the actual mechanisms of a host of behavioral, psychological and health outcomes. The evidence that the proxy measures of race and class have clear health and behavior consequences is not undermined by seeking a better understanding of what is meant when those categories are used to group people. Residential segregation is the clearest means by Freedman and Woods Page 12 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t which these structural factors shape people's lives by defining their access to, and the quality of, medical and social services, employment, education, food, mobility, environmental hazards and a host of disadvantage (Acevedo-Garcia, Osypuk, McArdle, & Williams, 2008). Racial segregation in housing not only affects individuals but also acts as a social and neighborhood structural barrier. A study of urban Atlanta found substantial race-based discrimination in housing and work, including a spatial mismatch (poor people who need entry level jobs are unable to live in proximity to those jobs) and housing segregation (inability to move based on race), which resulted in a concentration of poor people into densely poor areas (Sjoquist, 2000). These neighborhood factors shape the lives of people by narrowing their options and teaching mean lessons about what it means to be poor or a person of color (W. J. Wilson, 1996). Nationally, African Americans among all racial groups are most physically segregated from jobs (Stoll & Raphael, 2002). In terms of mental health care, in 2001, the Surgeon General of the United States issued a report finding serious disparities in mental health care and treatment for people of color. The report found that people of color are less likely than whites to receive services and more likely to receive poor quality services when they do (Health and Human Services, 2001). In addition, perceptions of discrimination are associated with poorer mental and physical health (Williams, Neighbors, & Jackson, 2003). Further, consideration of neighborhood disadvantage accounts for some of the race/ethnic and socioeconomic position differences in health, particularly in hypertension. When controlling for neighborhood effects, a significant amount of the statistical difference in the incidence of hypertension that appears based on racial/ethnic status goes away (Morenoff et al., 2007). When looking at violence in patients recently discharged from a psychiatric hospital, researchers found that, after controlling for individual factors (such as age, diagnosis, prior arrests), the concentrated disadvantage of the neighborhood into which the patient was discharged was predictive of future violence. That is, the risk that a patient discharged from locked facility would engage in future violence increased 2.7 times if the person was discharged into a neighborhood of concentrated disadvantage compared to a less disadvantaged one (Silver, 2000; Silver, Mulvey, & Monahan, 1999). But they also found that “the significant association between African-American racial status and violence was completely eliminated when neighborhood disadvantage was controlled” (p. 405) (Silver, 2001). In a study of stereotype threat, researchers found that simply asking African-Americans to record their race before a test significantly lowered test performance compared to whites and compared to African-American controls (Steele & Aronson, 1995). Whatever else this research says, it provides some insight into how structural barriers to equality, perhaps ones that are not context-driven but which shaped the developmental and experiential life-course of the test subjects, act on individuals. Simply examining how these subjects scored on tests would lead to false conclusions and useless intervention strategies. Similarly, research that relies on race and class as proxies about crime, violence or mental illness are missing critical information which might re-shape the understanding of cause and course of behavior and Freedman and Woods Page 13 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t illness. Instead, neighborhood effects, in their specific mechanisms of action, can assist in deconstructing those proxy measures such that a more accurate and meaningful understanding can be sought. How we understand race and class effects should be broadened to look at both the context effect of discrimination, isolation and perception, as well as the long-term effect on mental health and criminal behavior. When Sampson argued for this dual understanding, it was in order that the research begin to take into account both mechanisms (Sampson, 2008). Neighborhood effects have both a contextual consequence as well as a long-term developmental consequence, and the outcomes discussed here also demonstrate evidence of such influences. Yet, we often ignore the developmental and course aspects of both, which means we are missing important prevention and intervention evidence as well as misconstruing the results of the data. How we understand neighborhood effects, both collective efficacy and concentrated disadvantage, should also be helping us understand the context and life course of individual behavior and illness. This should also affect how forensic assessment is conducted. Competent forensic neurobehavioral assessment requires a thorough multigenerational social history, along with the integration of information obtained from multiple sources, across a number of disciplinary approaches, each of which assess different aspects of behavior and functioning (Woods, Freedman, & Greenspan, 2012). It is no longer adequate to consider the individual out of context or to seek to explain behavior and functioning without regard to the causal effects of structural forces. Forensic assessment, in our view, must include an assessment of those structural forces to be meaningful and valid. This means that popular forensic views about individuals characteristics and actions will need to be replaced with scientifically reliable and valid evidence of the dynamic forces which shape the life course. Behavior and functioning will need to assessed from the viewpoint of the causal forces that shape an individual from place in which they are born, to the cultural and ethnic biases they have faced, to the opportunities available or denied. Competent forensic assessment should consider the ways in which neighborhood effects, as one example of the structural forces demonstrated to affect behavior and functioning in mental illness and crime, alter the life trajectory of the individual. Acknowledgments Preparation of this manuscript was supported in part by NIMH Training Grant 5T32MH-13043-40 (DF). References Aber JL, Bennett NG, Conley DC, Li JL. 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NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t Xue YG, Leventhal T, Brooks-Gunn J, Earls FJ. Neighborhood residence and mental health problems of 5-to 11-year-olds. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2005; 62(5):554–563. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1001/archpsyc.62.5.554. [PubMed: 15867109] Freedman and Woods Page 21 J Politics Law. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 September 21. NI H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t N I H - P A A u t h o r M a n u s c r i p t 5/4/23, 10:47 AM Adverse Childhood Exposures and Reported Child Health at Age 12 - ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876285908002635 1/6 Academic Pediatrics Volume 9, Issue 3, May–June 2009, Pages 150-156 Child Mental Health Adverse Childhood Exposures and Reported Child Health at Age 12 Emalee G. Flaherty MD , Richard Thompson PhD, Alan J. Litrownik PhD, Adam J. Zolotor MD, MPH, Howard Dubowitz MD, MS, Desmond K. Runyan MD, DrPH, Diana J. English PhD, Mark D. Everson PhD Show more https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2008.11.003 ↗ Get rights and content ↗ Objective The relationship between adverse childhood exposures and poor health, illness, and somatic complaints at age 12 was examined. Methods LONGSCAN (Consortium for Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect) tracks a group of children with variable risk for maltreatment. Of the participating child-caregiver dyads, 805 completed an interview when the child was age 4 or age 6, as well as interviews at age 8 and 12. The relationships between 8 categories of childhood adversity (psychological maltreatment, physical abuse, sexual abuse, child neglect, caregiver's substance/alcohol use, caregiver's depressive symptoms, caregiver's being treated violently, and criminal behavior in the household) and child health at age 12 were analyzed. The impact of adversity in the first 6 years of life and adversity in the second 6 years of life on child health were compared. Results Only 10% of the children had experienced no adversity, while more than 20% had experienced 5 or more types of childhood adversity. At age 12, 37% of the children sampled had some health complaint. Exposure to 5 or more adversities, particularly exposure in the second 6 years of life, was significantly associated with increased risks of any health complaint (odds ratio [OR] 2.24, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02–4.96), an illness requiring a doctor (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.02–15.1), and caregivers’ reports of child's somatic complaints (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.0). There was no association between adverse exposures and self-rated poor health or self-rated somatic complaints. Share Cite 5/4/23, 10:47 AM Adverse Childhood Exposures and Reported Child Health at Age 12 - ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876285908002635 2/6 Conclusions A comprehensive assessment of children's health should include a careful history of their past exposure to adverse conditions and maltreatment. Interventions aimed at reducing these exposures may result in better child health. Section snippets Participants and Study Design Data used in these analyses were collected by the Consortium for Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). LONGSCAN is a consortium of a coordinating center and 5 study sites investigating prospectively the antecedents and consequences of child maltreatment. The study sites represent different geographical regions and populations with different levels of risk for maltreatment. The Southwest site includes children removed from their homes by Child Protective Services (CPS)… Adverse Childhood Exposures The prevalence, type, and timing of adverse childhood exposures are listed in Table 2. Only 10% of the children in the sample had experienced no adversities. More children tended to experience each type of maltreatment during the first 6 years of life than in the second 6 years. The children also appeared more likely to experience 5 or more adversities during the first 6 years of life than in the second 6 years (Figure).… Child Health More than one-third of the children (37%) had a health complaint including… Discussion The children and/or caregivers in this study reported higher rates of poor health and somatic complaints than have been found in other nationally representative samples or samples of disadvantaged children.27, 28 The participants reported that 37% of the children had some health complaint, including almost 14% of the children having their health rated as poor and approximately 17% as having somatic complaints. We speculate that the high rates may be explained by the high proportion of children… Acknowledgments This research was sponsored by grants from the Office of Child Abuse and Neglect to the Consortium of Longitudinal Studies on Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). The authors are grateful to the LONGSCAN Coordinating Center at the University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill for administrative and data management support.… 11 5/4/23, 10:47 AM Adverse Childhood Exposures and Reported Child Health at Age 12 - ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876285908002635 3/6 References (33) S.R. Dube et al. Adverse childhood experiences and personal alcohol abuse as an adult Addict Behav (2002) R.D. Coddington The significance of life events as etiologic factors in the diseases of children. II. A study of a normal population J Psychosom Res (1972) D.J. English et al. The dimensions of maltreatment: introduction Child Abuse Negl (2005) J.M. Hussey et al. Defining maltreatment according to substantiation: distinction without a difference? Child Abuse Negl (2005) D.J. English et al. Maltreatment's wake: the relationship of maltreatment dimensions to child outcomes Child Abuse Negl (2005) D.K. Runyan et al. 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The impact of adverse childhood experiences on health problems: evidence from four birth cohorts dating back to 1900 Prev Med (2003) 5/4/23, 10:47 AM Adverse Childhood Exposures and Reported Child Health at Age 12 - ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876285908002635 4/6 View more references Cited by (147) Childhood adversity associated with poorer health: Evidence from the U.S. National Survey of Children's Health 2022, Child Abuse and Neglect Citation Excerpt : …This contrasted with prior literature indicating that older age groups (e.g., age 14) with more recent experiences reported more health problems and somatic complaints (e.g., headaches and stomach problems), compared to younger age groups (e.g., ages 4–6 and 8–12; Flaherty et al., 2013). Further, another study examining age-specific differences in ACEs and health among high-risk samples found worse outcomes for children who experience more ACEs in the first 6 years of life compared to middle childhood (Flaherty et al., 2009). While a dose-response relationship did not occur in earlier ages (4 to 6), from the first 6 years to age 12, there did appear to be a dose-response relationship.… Show abstract Toxic stress, epigenetics and child development 2022, Jornal de Pediatria Show abstract Early adverse childhood experiences and exclusionary discipline in high school 2022, Social Science Research Citation Excerpt : …In particular, findings from multiple studies suggest that adversity very early in life may lead to stress-related changes in brain development and structure that predispose children to depression and other mental health problems later on in adolescence and adulthood (Anderson and Teicher, 2008; De Bellis, 2011). Additional research suggests that children who have experienced a high ACE score (four or more ACEs) early in childhood have significantly worse outcomes later in life compared to children who experience fewer ACEs (Dierkhising et al., 2019; Flaherty et al., 2009; Thompson et al., 2015). Scholars have more recently utilized the ACEs model to understand behavioral problems in elementary and middle school children (Blodgett and Lanigan, 2018; Burke et al., 2011; Crouch et al., 2019; Forster et al., 2020; Jimenez et al., 2016; Lansford et al., 2002; Loomis, 2020; Ramirez et al., 2012; Ray et al., 2020).… Show abstract Cumulative adverse childhood experiences and children's health 2020, Children and Youth Services Review Citation Excerpt : …They also preclude an investigation of the causal mechanisms linking cumulative ACE exposure and children’s health, as all variables are measured contemporaneously and it is not possible to disentangle the timing of ACE exposure, 5/4/23, 10:47 AM Adverse Childhood Exposures and Reported Child Health at Age 12 - ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876285908002635 5/6 potential mechanisms, and onset of health conditions. Taken together, these analyses provide new evidence about the accumulation of adversities in childhood, complementing existing research by using a nationally representative sample of children and examining an array of specific indicators of health to extend prior research that is based on non-random samples or examines global or summary measures of children’s health (Balistreri, 2015; Balistreri & Alvira-Hammond, 2016; Bethell et al., 2014; Flaherty et al., 2006, 2009, 2013; McCrae et al., 2019; though see Kan et al., 2020; Kerker et al., 2015); by examining children at specific ages, which both minimizes confounding by potential exposure and allows for a consideration of variation by age; and by showing how ACEs are equally associated with children’s health across race/ethnicity and gender. Given that ACEs are disproportionately experienced among already vulnerable children, such as children of color and children in poverty, these analyses suggest that ACEs may exacerbate existing inequalities in children’s health (Mehta, Lee, & Yitalo, 2013; Sacks & Murphey, 2018).… Show abstract Early life adversity, inflammation, and immune function: An initial test of adaptive response models of immunological programming 2022, Development and Psychopathology Exposure to potentially traumatic events and PTSD symptomatology in Norwegian 11–13-year- olds: results from the Bergen Child Study 2023, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health View all citing articles on Scopus Recommended articles (6) Research article Childhood poly-victimization and children’s health: A nationally representative study Child Abuse & Neglect, Volume 91, 2019, pp. 88-94 Show abstract Research article Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Volume 80, 2017, pp. 166-184 Show abstract Research article Adverse childhood experiences and association with health, mental health, and risky behavior in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia Child Abuse & Neglect, Volume 60, 2016, pp. 10-17 Show abstract 5/4/23, 10:47 AM Adverse Childhood Exposures and Reported Child Health at Age 12 - ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876285908002635 6/6 Research article Adverse childhood experiences are associated with adult sleep disorders: a systematic review Sleep Medicine, Volume 16, Issue 3, 2015, pp. 320-330 Show abstract Research article Associations of adverse childhood experiences with depression and alcohol abuse among Korean college students Child Abuse & Neglect, Volume 67, 2017, pp. 338-348 Show abstract Research article Trajectories of childhood adversity and mortality in early adulthood: a population-based cohort study The Lancet, Volume 396, Issue 10249, 2020, pp. 489-497 Show abstract View full text Copyright © 2009 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. ScienceDirect® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. 5/4/23, 9:18 AM Mayor of Sicamous says drug use bylaw to stay despite IH call to 'wait and see' - Salmon Arm News - Castanet.net https://www.castanet.net/news/Salmon-Arm/422683/Mayor-of-Sicamous-says-drug-use-bylaw-to-stay-despite-IH-call-to-wait-and-see?fbclid=IwAR3Q…1/2 Photo: District of Sicamous Mayor of Sicamous says drug use bylaw to stay despite IH call to 'wait and see' Jon Manchester - Apr 22, 2023 / 4:00 am | Story: 422683 The mayor of Sicamous says there won't be any backtracking on a bylaw banning open drug use in district parks. The municipality was one of the rst in B.C. to pass such a bylaw following decriminalization by the province of personal amounts of street drugs. Mayor Colleen Anderson says the bylaw was passed by council last week and will stay in place, despite a plea from Interior Health for communities to take a wait-and-see approach before enacting laws that could undermine the intent of the change. IH has called for a "six-month observation period" to monitor the e ects of decriminalization on public consumption. Its April 14 letter was sent to every municipality in the IH region and signed by six medical health o cers. But Anderson says the latest gures show decriminalization isn't working, with nearly 600 drug deaths in B.C. during the rst three months of the year. "It's not getting any better," she said Friday. "Three months into this project, and things are looking worse than they were three months ago." While Kelowna is pushing for decriminalization rules to ban drug use in playgrounds, Sicamous' bylaw is speci c to parks. "Our beach park, we have 100 kids there every day during summer, more than the playground," Anderson said. "Parks are for families." She said children witnessing someone shooting heroin would be "traumatizing." Anderson says council has consulted with IH, but won't be backing down. "Waiting six months, that's well into our summer," she said. "Our hearts go out to these people, but we have no services for them in Sicamous. ...It isn't a big problem in Sicamous, and we don't want it to be one." The mayor said the local RCMP have told her they haven't pursued small possession charges "for years." "It was a non-issue ... it feels like a bit of social engineering is going on." Anderson says Sicamous bylaw sta won't be ticketing anyone and will focus on education. "The reason we were elected was the safety and well-being of our community. I don't think this train can be stopped." B.C. launched the three-year pilot on Jan. 30. It allows adults to freely possess less than 2.5 grams of street drugs including heroin, meth and cocaine. Penticton has also started the process of bringing in a bylaw to ban drug use in parks. SICAMOUS WON'T BACK DOWN 17°C Kelowna's Homepage Thursday, May 4 5/4/23, 9:18 AM Mayor of Sicamous says drug use bylaw to stay despite IH call to 'wait and see' - Salmon Arm News - Castanet.net https://www.castanet.net/news/Salmon-Arm/422683/Mayor-of-Sicamous-says-drug-use-bylaw-to-stay-despite-IH-call-to-wait-and-see?fbclid=IwAR3Q…2/2 More Salmon Arm News 5/4/23, 10:49 AM Kelowna wants its municipal parks exempted from B.C.'s drug decriminalization project | CBC News https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/kelowna-drug-decriminalization-exemption-1.6781765 1/5 British Columbia Kelowna wants its municipal parks exempted from B.C.'s drug decriminalization project Mayor Tom Dyas says he has received 'positive reaction' in response to the city's request Winston Szeto · CBC News · Posted: Mar 21, 2023 1:59 PM PDT | Last Updated: March 21 Kelowna Mayor Tom Dyas, right, with B.C. Attorney General Niki Sharma and Public Safety Minister Mike Farnworth inside the provincial legislature building in early March. Dyas said he has requested an exemption from the province's decriminalization rules being applied to Kelowna parks. (Tom Dyas/Twitter) Search Sign In 5/4/23, 10:49 AM Kelowna wants its municipal parks exempted from B.C.'s drug decriminalization project | CBC News https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/kelowna-drug-decriminalization-exemption-1.6781765 2/5 comments The mayor of Kelowna, B.C., says the city is lobbying the province to exclude parks from drug decriminalization rules that took effect this year. Tom Dyas said last Thursday that his municipality had asked the B.C. government to make an exception for the Central Okanagan city that would allow it to prohibit illicit drugs being used in municipal parks. The request comes amid a federally approved three-year pilot decriminalizing the personal possession of up to 2.5 grams of cocaine (crack and powder), methamphetamine, MDMA and opioids (including heroin, fentanyl and morphine). Dyas said he has received a "positive reaction" to his request from provincial officials. "I know that they'll go back, and they will look at it and come back to us," he told host Chris Walker on CBC's Daybreak South. "We would be in favour, as a city, to have parks and playgrounds also incorporated into excluded areas." What you need to know about the decriminalization of possessing illicit drugs in B.C. Other B.C. municipalities make similar attempts Other B.C. municipalities have attempted to pass bylaws to outlaw drug consumption in public spaces. The city council in Campbell River on Vancouver Island dropped its plan to pass such a bylaw in late February after a motion in favour of it was made a month ago. According to a local news report, council voted to abandon the plan after receiving a letter of opposition from the Island Health authority and facing a legal challenge from the Vancouver-based Pivot Legal Society. Vancouver Island municipality to ban drug use in public spaces as decriminalization takes effect 5/4/23, 10:49 AM Kelowna wants its municipal parks exempted from B.C.'s drug decriminalization project | CBC News https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/kelowna-drug-decriminalization-exemption-1.6781765 3/5 Sicamous in B.C.'s Shuswap region is still considering whether to adopt a similar bylaw. Mayor Colleen Anderson says as elected officials, she and her councillors bear a duty to protect local residents from illicit drug use in public parks. "In parks where, you know, for the summer, there are probably more children. We're very concerned about the impact on our youth. "[If] someone does OD [overdose] in front of a child … it's traumatic," she said on CBC's Daybreak South. Kelowna's Dyas said he's concerned decriminalization in B.C. may create an influx of drug users from other provinces to parks in Kelowna during the summer. Dr. Carol Fenton, the medical health officer for Interior Health, disagrees — she argues that decriminalization hasn't resulted in increased substance use in other countries like Portugal, and Kelowna's proposed policy would perpetuate the stigma against drug users. "There are objective harms from policies like this," she said on Daybreak South. "There isn't a problem already. So we need to be really careful." Dr. Carol Fenton is a Medical Health Officer with the Interior Health Authority, she responds to Kelowna Mayor Tom Dyas, who is lobbying the province to exclude parks from BC's new drug decriminalization rules. With files from Daybreak South and Akshay Kulkarni CBC's Journalistic Standards and Practices |About CBC News Corrections and clarifications |Submit a news tip |Report error Daybreak South 11:10 Dr. Carol Fenton is a Medical Health Officer with the Interior Health Authority, she responds to Kelowna Mayor Tom Dyas, who is lobbying the province to 5/4/23, 10:49 AM Kelowna wants its municipal parks exempted from B.C.'s drug decriminalization project | CBC News https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/kelowna-drug-decriminalization-exemption-1.6781765 4/5 Popular Now in British Columbia Flooding situation likely to get worse in B.C. Interior, province says Proposed changes to UBC student union sexual violence policy draw student outrage, national criticism Highway closures across B.C. 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All rights reserved. Visitez Radio-Canada.ca 5/4/23, 9:32 AM Rob Shaw: How the province's drug decriminalization program is meeting opposition in B.C. municipalities - The Orca https://www.theorca.ca/commentary/rob-shaw-how-the-provinces-drug-decriminalization-program-is-meeting-opposition-in-bc-municipalities-6889430 1/4 Rob Shaw: How the province's drugdecriminalization program is meetingopposition in B.C. municipalities Rob Shaw Apr 21, 2023 9:55 AM 5/4/23, 9:32 AM Rob Shaw: How the province's drug decriminalization program is meeting opposition in B.C. municipalities - The Orca https://www.theorca.ca/commentary/rob-shaw-how-the-provinces-drug-decriminalization-program-is-meeting-opposition-in-bc-municipalities-6889430 2/4 Listen to this article 00:06:53 (Editor's Note: The final paragraph in this column has been changed from an earlier version to clarify the province's approach to municipalities.) Two major B.C. municipalities are set to ban open drug use in public places, a move that sparked a heated debate at the legislature this week about whether the province’s new decriminalization program is worsening disorder on city streets. Kamloops and Campbell River have set in motion new bylaws that will prohibit drug use at parks, beaches and playgrounds in the same way as smoking and consuming alcohol. Councillors in Kamloops voted last week to have staff prepare the new bylaw for adoption, while the mayor of Campbell River says his municipality is expected to vote to pass its initiative next week. “For me personally, I have a six-year-old granddaughter, and I don’t think she should have to go to a local farmer’s market and watch someone potentially with a needle doing heroin sitting on a bench in our downtown,” said mayor Kermit Dahl. “I think we should be protecting our kids from thinking in some way it is normal or acceptable.” B.C. in late January started a three-year pilot program that decriminalizes personal possession of small amounts of illicit drugs like cocaine, heroin and fentanyl, to try and encourage users to seek help during a worsening toxic drug crisis that has killed almost 12,000 people since 2016. But B.C. has also been in the grips of a public safety crisis this year, as random attacks, violence, vandalism and street disorder increased in urban centres across the province. Some of that is fuelled by those feeding addictions, which in turn has led to more visible signs of drug use and homelessness. Whether decriminalization is connected to the rising visible drug use on city streets remains a topic of hot debate at the legislature. But it is clearly causing some municipalities to take more direct action. “It’s like daily, multiple times daily, people are overdosing,” said Dahl. “Nothing is changing. None of the stuff that really needs to be addressed is being addressed.” As some municipalities push back on the province's drug decriminalization program, BC United leader Kevin Falcon calls the program "reckless."|Submitted 5/4/23, 9:32 AM Rob Shaw: How the province's drug decriminalization program is meeting opposition in B.C. municipalities - The Orca https://www.theorca.ca/commentary/rob-shaw-how-the-provinces-drug-decriminalization-program-is-meeting-opposition-in-bc-municipalities-6889430 3/4 Opposition BC United leader Kevin Falcon seems to sense the public mood shifting away from an acceptance of open drug use, amid fear over worsening public safety. Falcon this week accused the NDP government of a “reckless” pursuit of decriminalization, by failing to accompany it with enough addictions treatment and police resources. “While simple activities like having a beer at your local public park or using a plastic straw are tightly regulated, the premier's policy allows completely uncontrolled consumption of lethal drugs like crystal meth, crack cocaine and fentanyl,” Falcon told the legislature Wednesday. “Neighbourhoods, as a result, are being plagued by discarded drugs and drug paraphernalia, forcing families to worry about their children stumbling upon needles in parks, beaches and playgrounds.” Falcon said he supports municipalities that want to craft their own bylaws limiting public drug use. But to do so, both Kamloops and Campbell River have had to face off against opposition by local public health officials, who have argued that banishing drug users from public spaces during a toxic drug crisis will add to the stigma that forces them to use alone and be more susceptible to a fatal overdose. Campbell River abandoned its first attempt at a public drug use bylaw in February, after refusing to accept a letter or input from an Island Health medical health officer. At first, municipalities assumed they had to get permission from local health officials, and ultimately the Minister of Health, to enact bylaws related to drug use. But they have recently discovered that if they use a nuisance bylaw instead, then they can ban public drug use without requiring permission from health officials. Dahl said he’s found it frustrating to be accused of furthering stigma against drug users. “The federal government has said you weren’t allowed to use drugs in the airport, or certain other areas, and nobody said anything about stigma,” said Dahl. “But as soon as we say we don’t think it should be done in public parks paid for by taxpayers, or where kids would be, then the word stigma comes up.” Falcon said the government is using the health authorities to pressure municipalities, as it seeks to protect its decriminalization initiative. The NDP government’s response has been to argue that decriminalization is only one part of a larger suite of measures that are an attempt to stem the rising number of overdose deaths. 5/4/23, 9:32 AM Rob Shaw: How the province's drug decriminalization program is meeting opposition in B.C. municipalities - The Orca https://www.theorca.ca/commentary/rob-shaw-how-the-provinces-drug-decriminalization-program-is-meeting-opposition-in-bc-municipalities-6889430 4/4 Comments (0) “In the context of an unrelenting public health emergency that is the toxic drug crisis, we have to do all of the things at the same time,” said Mental Health and Addictions Minister Jennifer Whiteside. “We are morally bound, ethically bound, to ensure that we work to keep people alive, while we can connect them to supports and services.” B.C. chief coroner Lisa Lapointe reported this week almost 600 deaths in the first three months of the year, which Lapointe called “a crisis of incomprehensible scale.” The number of deaths is appalling. Yet at the same time, the public finds itself upset at stories like the one that emerged in Nanaimo this week in which a five-year-old girl found a bag of toxic fentanyl on a school playground, took it home and was about to open it before her mother noticed and stopped her. Falcon drew a direct line between the Nanaimo girl and government’s decriminalization efforts. And nobody from the NDP government was able to counter it effectively this week. “I just cannot understand why the government cannot just make it clear that province wide, we're going to have a policy that says you do not get to do open drug use in parks, playgrounds and beaches,” said Falcon. It sounds simple. And it passes the political sniff test, in that if you went out on the street and asked random people “do you think drugs should be used in public spaces like parks and beaches?” almost all of them would likely say no. Perhaps that’s why the NDP government is having such difficulty on the issue — as it encourages municipalities to consult public health officials to find more productive solutions. And it’s almost assuredly why we haven’t heard the end of the issue — both from municipalities themselves, and from the government’s political opponents at the legislature. Rob Shaw has spent more than 15 years covering B.C. politics, now reporting for CHEK News and writing for Glacier Media. He is the co-author of the national bestselling book A Matter of Confidence, host of the weekly podcast Political Capital, and a regular guest on CBC Radio. rob@robshawnews.com 5/4/23, 9:31 AM Campbell River tries again to ban public drug consumption - Vancouver Is Awesome https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/bc-news/campbell-river-tries-again-to-ban-public-drug-consumption-6893509 1/4 JOIN OUR NEWSLETTER Listen to this article 00:05:04 Campbell River tries again to ban public drug consumption Carla Wilson Apr 22, 2023 5:55 AM A woman walks past a person using a glass pipe to smoke drugs in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck 5/4/23, 9:31 AM Campbell River tries again to ban public drug consumption - Vancouver Is Awesome https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/bc-news/campbell-river-tries-again-to-ban-public-drug-consumption-6893509 2/4 As B.C. municipalities struggle with how best to respond to decriminalization of possession of small amounts of illicit drugs, Campbell River is making another attempt to restrict public drug consumption. This time, the city is relying on a section of the Community Charter that allows councils to make rules around nuisances and disturbances. It aims to ban consumption in places where it would “negatively interfere with the public’s use and enjoyment of such places,” a staff report said. The proposal moves away from a previous plan for a city-wide ban, to focus on a more limited geographic area — high-use zones and places frequented by children, families and tourists. It would prohibit consumption of drugs within 15 metres of playgrounds, sports elds, tennis courts, picnic shelters, water parks, skate parks and covered bus shelters. The prohibition would also apply to city hall, the community centre, the sportsplex, Spirit Square, the Centennial Building, Robert Ostler Park, the library, Tidemark Theatre, Centennial swimming pool, the museum, the maritime heritage centre and the Discovery shing pier. The bylaw would allow RCMP and municipal bylaw of cers to ticket offenders. Council has allocated $82,000 to hire another bylaw of cer to deal with an increased workload. In February, the province began a three-year pilot project permitting people to carry up to 2.5 grams of controlled substances for personal use. The same month, Campbell River council scrapped proposed bylaws that would have banned drug consumption on city property after hearing from the local public health of cer that the plan would have negative public health impacts. The city also faced a legal challenge from the advocacy group Pivot Legal Society. Elle Brovold, Campbell River chief administrative of cer, said Friday that community safety and downtown revitalization are priorities for council, which wants to create an environment where people feel safe in publicly owned spaces. Council has heard from residents, businesses and visitors who say they don’t feel comfortable when people consume drugs in certain public areas, which can at times lead to disruptive behaviours, prompting them to avoid these areas, she said. 5/4/23, 9:31 AM Campbell River tries again to ban public drug consumption - Vancouver Is Awesome https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/bc-news/campbell-river-tries-again-to-ban-public-drug-consumption-6893509 3/4 Kamloops council similarly voted on April 11 to prohibit the consumption of controlled substances on city facilities, roads, parks and public spaces, although a formal bylaw would need ministerial approval and consultation with public health authorities. BC United Leader Kevin Falcon said this week that he supports communities like Campbell River, Kamloops, Sicamous and Kelowna that are preparing draft bylaws to ban the use of drugs in public spaces, adding the Health Ministry should get behind them. Falcon noted that people can’t smoke or drink alcohol in playgrounds, beaches and parks, “but don’t worry — you can go there and do all the drugs you want openly in front of families and children.” Falcon said the “guardrails” the province said it would put in place for the three-year pilot project — access to drug treatment on demand, for example — are not in place. (Neither the NDP, nor the Liberal government before them until 2017, has been able to provide free readily accessible residential drug treatment in the province). Falcon said his party “100 per cent” supports municipalities that want to protect their children and communities by creating bylaws prohibiting open drug use in parks, beaches and playgrounds, for example. He cited the case of a Nanaimo girl who recently found a bag of fentanyl on a school playground and took it home before her parents seized it. Both the NDP and Liberals supported the province’s application to Health Canada for a decriminalization pilot. Last year, they co-wrote and endorsed an all-party health legislative committee report calling for decriminalization. Provincial health of cer Dr. Bonnie Henry and chief coroner Lisa Lapointe say decriminalization is one tool to reduce the stigma around drug use and to reduce the fear of arrest that drives people to use drugs alone where they can’t be helped if they overdose. Mental Health and Addictions Minister Jennifer Whiteside has said a wide variety of tools and actions are needed to address the crisis. But Falcon said the province needs to recognize the current course of action is not working — there were almost 600 deaths because of the toxic drug supply in the rst three months of this year — and make a “dramatic shift” toward treatment and recovery. cjwilson@timescolonist.com 5/4/23, 9:31 AM Campbell River tries again to ban public drug consumption - Vancouver Is Awesome https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/bc-news/campbell-river-tries-again-to-ban-public-drug-consumption-6893509 4/4 charnett@timescolonist.com >>> To comment on this article, write a letter to the editor: letters@timescolonist.com Leave a comment Have a story idea?Report a mistake 5/4/23, 10:51 AM Campbell River scraps bylaw changes to ban drug consumption - Victoria Times Colonist https://www.timescolonist.com/local-news/campbell-river-scraps-bylaw-changes-to-ban-drug-consumption-on-public-property-6610913 1/2 JOIN OUR NEWSLETTER Listen to this article 00:01:56 Campbell River scraps bylaw changes to ban drug consumption on public property Carla Wilson Feb 25, 2023 5:22 AM A man prepares heroin he bought on the street to be injected at the Insite safe injection clinic in Vancouver. Campbell River has backed away from plans to prohibit consumption drugs on municipal property. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck 5/4/23, 10:51 AM Campbell River scraps bylaw changes to ban drug consumption - Victoria Times Colonist https://www.timescolonist.com/local-news/campbell-river-scraps-bylaw-changes-to-ban-drug-consumption-on-public-property-6610913 2/2 Campbell River council has backed away from imposing an immediate ban on consuming controlled drugs on municipal property. Recommended reads for you: Addictions minister to discuss drug ban with Campbell River council Washington state to decriminalize drugs unless lawmakers act On Thursday, councillors voted to abandon plans for nal adoption of bylaws enabling the ban. The city had received a Feb. 10 letter from medical health of cer Dr. Charmaine Enns, who said the prohibition would have “direct and deleterious public health impacts.” The city also found itself facing a legal challenge launched this month by Vancouver-based legal advocacy group Pivot Legal Society. There was little discussion amongst council about its change of direction. Coun. Susan Sinnott made a successful motion that “staff report back on further options to address the consumption of controlled substances in our public spaces.” Council had initially planned to pass changes to the city’s public nuisance bylaw prohibiting use of drugs on municipal roads, facilities, parks and other public spaces, with violations carrying a penalty of $200. The changes, which went to third reading, were prompted by a three-year provincial pilot project that began Feb. 1 allowing people to carry up to 2.5 grams of drugs such as heroin, fentanyl, cocaine and methamphetamine for personal use. Enns initially outlined her concerns in a Jan. 25 letter but council chose not to receive it prior to passing early readings for bylaw changes. In her Feb. 10 letter, Enns called that a “concerning decision” by council. She pointed out that while council is not obliged to follow her advice, it is required to consider what she has to say, under rules set out in the Public Health Act. cjwilson@timescolonist.com >>> To comment on this article, write a letter to the editor: letters@timescolonist.com