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Home My WebLink About2024-10-22 Council Workshop Agenda and Reports.pdfCOUNCIL WORKSHOP AGENDA Tuesday, October 22, 2024, 12:00 p.m. Council Chambers City Hall, 11995 Haney Place All meetings are hybrid, allowing virtual or in person participation. Online participation via zoom https://mapleridge-ca.zoom.us/j/85019447127 The meeting is live streamed and recorded by the City of Maple Ridge. Pages 1.CALL TO ORDER Territory Acknowledgement The City of Maple Ridge carries out its business on the traditional and unceded territories of the Katzie (q̓ic̓әy̓) First Nation and the Kwantlen (qʼʷa:n̓ƛʼәn̓) First Nation. 2.APPROVAL OF AGENDA Council Workshop - October 22, 2024 RECOMMENDATION: THAT the agenda of the Council Workshop Meeting of October 22, 2024, be approved as circulated. 3.ADOPTION OF MINUTES 3 Council Workshop Meeting Minutes - September 10, 2024 RECOMMENDATION: THAT the minutes of the September 10, 2024 Council Workshop Meeting, be adopted as circulated. 4.PRESENTATIONS AT THE REQUEST OF COUNCIL 5.UNFINISHED AND NEW BUSINESS 5.1 Maple Ridge Climate Action Plan Update 6 Update on findings from the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and climate hazard risk modelling. RECOMMENDATION: THAT staff develop new community and corporate Greenhouse Gas Emissions targets for Council consideration. 5.2 Customer Experience Strategy 60 Overview of the Customer Experience Strategy that is currently in development. RECOMMENDATION: THAT the October 22, 2024, Customer Experience Strategy report be received for information. 6.CORRESPONDENCE 7.BRIEFING ON OTHER ITEMS OF INTEREST/QUESTIONS FROM COUNCIL 8.MATTERS DEEMED EXPEDIENT 9.NOTICE OF CLOSED MEETING 10.ADJOURNMENT Page 2 of 63 1 COUNCIL WORKSHOP MEETING MINUTES September 10, 2024, 11:00 a.m. Council Chambers City Hall, 11995 Haney Place Council Present: Mayor D. Ruimy Councillor K. Carreras Councillor O. Dozie Councillor J. Dueck Councillor S. Schiller Councillor J. Tan Councillor A. Yousef Staff Present: S. Hartman, Chief Administrative Officer C. Mushata, Director of Legislative Services and Corporate Officer T. Thompson, Director of Finance Z. Lifshiz, Director, Strategic Development, Communications and Public Engagement D. Olivieri, Manager of Corporate Planning and Consultation G. Gerontas, Manager of Strategic Policy and Programs _____________________________________________________________________ 1. CALL TO ORDER 1.1 Territory Acknowledgement The City of Maple Ridge carries out its business on the traditional and unceded territories of the Katzie (q̓ic̓әy̓) First Nation and the Kwantlen (qʼʷa:n̓ƛʼәn̓) First Nation. 2. APPROVAL OF AGENDA Council Workshop Agenda - September 10, 2024 R/2024-WS-043 Moved by: Councillor Yousef Seconded by: Councillor Dozie THAT the September 10, 2024, Council Workshop Agenda be approved as circulated. CARRIED Page 3 of 63 2 3. ADOPTION OF MINUTES Council Workshop - July 23, 2024 R/2024-WS-044 Moved by: Councillor Yousef Seconded by: Councillor Tan THAT the July 23, 2024, Council Workshop Mintes be adopted as circulated. CARRIED 4. PRESENTATIONS AT THE REQUEST OF COUNCIL 5. UNFINISHED AND NEW BUSINESS 5.1 Housing Objectives and Key Results (OKRs) To clarify the relationship between housing targets set by Council and those established by the province. The Director of Strategic Development, Communications and Public Engagement gave a brief introduction of new staff. The Manager of Corporate Planning and Consultation gave a detailed presentation and answered questions of Council. The CAO responded to questions of Council. R/2024-WS-045 Moved by: Councillor Dozie Seconded by: Councillor Tan THAT Council receive the Housing Objectives and Key Results report dated September 10, 2024, for information; CARRIED 5.2 Development Approvals Concierge Service To provide Council with an overview of the proposed Development Concierge Service. The Manager of Strategic Policy and Programs gave a detailed presentation and answered questions of Council. Councillor A. Yousef left the meeting at 12:00 pm and rejoined at 12:02 pm. R/2024-WS-046 Moved by: Councillor Schiller Seconded by: Councillor Yousef THAT Council receives the Development Approval Concierge Service report dated September 10, 2024 for information and discussion. CARRIED 6. CORRESPONDENCE 7. BRIEFING ON OTHER ITEMS OF INTEREST/QUESTIONS FROM COUNCIL 8. MATTERS DEEMED EXPEDIENT Page 4 of 63 3 9. NOTICE OF CLOSED MEETING Resolution to exclude the public. R/2024-WS-047 Moved by: Councillor Dueck Seconded by: Councillor Carreras The meeting will be closed to the public pursuant to Sections 90(1) and Sections 90(2) of the Community Charter as the subject matter being considered is related to the following:  Section 90(1)(a) - personal information about an identifiable individual who holds or is being considered for a position as an officer, employee or agent of the municipality or another position appointed by the municipality; Section 90(1)(c) - labour relations or other employee relations;  Section 90(1)(e) - the acquisition, disposition or expropriation of land or improvements, if the council considers that disclosure could reasonably be expected to harm the interests of the municipality;  Section 90(1)(g) - litigation or potential litigation affecting the municipality;  Section 90(1)(k) - negotiations and related discussions respecting the proposed provision of a municipal service that are at their preliminary stages and that, in the view of the council, could reasonably be expected to harm the interests of the municipality if they were held in public;  Section 90(1)(l) - discussions with municipal officers and employees respecting municipal objectives, measures and progress reports for the purposes of preparing an annual report under section 98 [annual municipal report];  Section 90(2)(b) - the consideration of information received and held in confidence relating to negotiations between the municipality and a provincial government or the federal government or both, or between a provincial government or the federal government or both and a third party; Any other matter that may be brought before the Council that meets the requirements for a meeting closed to the public pursuant to Sections 90(1) and 90(2) of the Community Charter or Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act. CARRIED 10. ADJOURNMENT 6:05 pm D. Ruimy, Mayor C. Mushata, Corporate Officer Page 5 of 63 October 22, 2024 - Council Workshop Page 1 of 1 Maple Ridge Climate Action Plan Update Recommendation: THAT staff develop new community and corporate Greenhouse Gas Emissions targets for Council consideration. Report Purpose and Summary Statement: The purpose of this report is to provide Council with an update on findings from the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and climate hazard risk modelling. Both datasets are foundations for the development of the Climate Action Plan. Findings have prompted the need for a governance-decision pertaining to GHG targets, which will inform the action planning phase of Climate Action Plan development Previous Council Action: Council received an information update on July 23, 2024 Financial Impact: There are no direct financial implications resulting from this report. Funding Source: The development of the Climate Action Plan is being funded in its entirety from Local Government Climate Action Program and Union of BC Municipalities grant funding. Strategic Alignment: Climate Leadership & Environmental Stewardship; Climate Impact: The outcomes and deliverables of the Climate Action Plan will influence community and corporate greenhouse gas and climate risk reduction and prevention actions. Communications: An amendment to the Official Community Plan to modify the community Greenhouse Gas emissions targets would require a public engagement process. Applicable Legislation/ Bylaw/Policy: Community Greenhouse Gas emission targets are legislated in the Official Community Plan (OCP). Modifications to emissions targets would require an amendment to the OCP. Page 6 of 63 October 22, 2024 – Council Workshop Page 1 of 5 To: Mayor and Council File number: [11.5280.01] Maple Ridge Climate Action Plan Update BACKGROUND: The Climate Action Plan adopts a low carbon resiliency approach that integrates both adaptation and mitigation strategies into municipal and community planning. This approach ensures that decisions are made to reduce emissions while strengthening the community's ability to withstand the impacts of climate change. It also considers how climate actions intersect with other community priorities, such as health, equity, biodiversity, natural systems, and economic development, so that these actions deliver multiple benefits beyond just climate resilience. The work developing the Climate Action Plan began in February 2024 and will be completed in March 2025. The project contains the following elements: Deliverable Task Status 1 A Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory that identifies GHG emissions and sources in the community from buildings (residential, commercial, institutional), transportation, and waste as well as municipal (City of Maple Ridge) emissions. Complete 2 A Climate Risk Assessment to identify risks and determine vulnerabilities in the community from climate hazards including wildfire, heat, flooding, extreme rain. In Progress 3 Conducting an extreme temperature (heat) risks mapping analysis to find community vulnerability and identify responses. Complete 4 Examine multi-hazards and map the vulnerability and risks of climate change and impacts to the local economy, social and cultural practices, and the environment to inform response. Near completion 5 Three rounds of public engagement: Phase 1 was completed in August 2024. Phase 2 begins in October 2024. Phase 3 will be undertaken in January 2025. Ongoing 6 Determine 'Bold Move' priorities and actions that can address climate action (mitigation and adaptation) and build more resiliency in the community to climate impacts. Not Started 7 Develop the action-oriented climate action plan for Maple Ridge to inspire action and advance community benefits while addressing the climate challenges that Maple Ridge faces. Not Started Page 7 of 63 October 22, 2024 - Council Workshop Page 2 of 5 ANALYSIS: Discussion: The presentation before Council will inform of discoveries from the completed work of Phase 1 in advance of developing and engaging on climate actions under the Climate Action Plan. These include outcomes from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions modelling and climate risk modelling. Greenhouse Gas Emissions The City’s GHG emissions target is 45% reduction of 2010 emissions in 2030 and net zero emissions in 2050. These targets have been adopted into the Official Community Plan. Sources of GHG emissions in the community in 2010 and 2022 have been identified and future emissions to 2030 and 2050 have been forecasted – In a “business as usual” scenario where no actions are implemented, the emissions in Maple Ridge would reach 531,000 tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (Co2e) in 2030 and 640,000 tons of Co2e in 2050. In modelling emissions resulting from multiple scenarios of action, the forecasted emissions reach 334,115 tons of Co2e (23% reduction from 2010) in 2030 and 64,116 tons of Co2e in 2050 (85% reduction from 2010) even in the most aggressive approach. This modeling has identified a gap of 95,885 tons of Co2e to achieving the 2030 target. This gap, along with a more detailed breakdown of forecasted community emissions and the reduction resulting from actions, is summarized in Attachment 1 – GHG Emissions Projections Modelling Summary - Draft. Climate Risks Maple Ridge’s Climate Action Plan includes a comprehensive Climate Risk Assessment, which identified key climate hazards such as extreme heat, wildfire, flooding, and poor air quality. These hazards were identified using a combination of provincial, regional, and City-specific data. The assessment revealed that most hazards, including extreme weather events and water shortages, are expected to intensify as climate change progresses. This data-driven approach informs the city’s efforts to integrate resilience measures into its planning, ensuring that community decision-making addresses these growing risks and strengthens the city's ability to adapt to climate impacts. The development of the Climate action plan is now entering into the action planning phase of the project. This will focus on actions that will reduce GHG emissions while factoring in the climate impacts and co-benefits are being developed. Project Description: The City of Maple Ridge is undertaking a Climate Action Plan to identify and develop actions that will help reduce our vulnerability and risks to climate change (known as “adaptation”) and reduce our contributions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that result in climate change (known as “mitigation”). Sustainability/Climate Impact: The outcomes and deliverables of the Climate Action Plan will influence community and corporate greenhouse gas and climate impact reduction and prevention actions. Page 8 of 63 October 22, 2024 - Council Workshop Page 3 of 5 Public Engagement: Three phases of public engagement are involved in developing the Plan. Phase 1 was completed in August 2024, with a focus on establishing a baseline of what hazards the community had identified, actions being taken at an individual level, and recommendations for support that the City could provide. Phase 2 will begin in October 2024 and run until December 2024. This phase will target engagement with key community interest-holders to identify actions where co-benefits would impact their operations or clients, opportunities for the partnerships to enable actions where the City only maintains a sphere of influence or interest (but not direct control), and the identification of barriers for climate action at a community organization perspective. Phase 3 will begin in February 2025 with an emphasis on engaging the broader public on the action plan. Strategic Alignment: The development of a Climate Action Plan is a major component on the critical path of reducing community and corporate GHG emissions, adapting to climate change and protecting our natural environment as identified by Council under the strategic priority of Climate Leadership & Environmental Stewardship. Financial Impact: There are no financial implications. The project is being funded from Local Government Climate Actions Program funding. Applicable Legislation/Bylaw/Policy: Community Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission targets are legislated within the City of Maple Ridge’s Official Community Plan (OCP). Any modifications to these emission targets require an amendment to the OCP. In October 2020, the City of Maple Ridge amended its GHG emissions targets to align with the United Nations' recommendations. The new targets aim to achieve net-zero emissions from 2010 levels by 2050, with an interim goal of reducing emissions by 45% by 2030. This amendment was officially adopted by Council as part of Bylaw No. 7803-2021. OPTIONS & IMPLICATIONS: With respect to the established community GHG reduction targets and the gap in achieving these targets, three options are presented: 1. Amend the near-term target of 45% reduction to a lower reduction percentage. For example, 30% reduction of GHG emissions of 2010 emissions in 2030 and net zero emissions in 2050. 2. Push the target dates of achievement from to 2030 to 2035. For example, 45% reduction of GHG emissions of 2010 emissions in 2035 and net zero emissions in 2050. 3. Consider introducing a complimentary emissions target that factors growth – a per capita target. The per capita target would be complimentary to the absolute emissions target established. The established target would not change. The implication of options 1 and 2 is that the targets are adopted in the Official Community Plan (OCP), using any of these options would require an amendment to the OCP. Page 9 of 63 October 22, 2024 - Council Workshop Page 4 of 5 CONCLUSION: Council is being updated on the progress of the Maple Ridge Climate Action Plan to inform of discoveries from the completed work of Phase 1 in advance of developing and engaging on climate actions under the Climate Action Plan. Staff are seeking direction on established climate targets. Council will receive another update in January 2025. “Brian Montgomery” Prepared by: Brian Montgomery, Climate Action & Resiliency Advisor Attachments: (A) Attachment 1 – GHG Emissions Projections Modelling Summary – Draft (A) Attachment 2 – Maple Ridge Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum - Draft Page 10 of 63 October 22, 2024 - Council Workshop Page 5 of 5 Report Approval Details Document Title: Maple Ridge Climate Action Plan Update .docx Attachments: - Maple Ridge CAP - GHG Emissions Projections Modelling Summary - DRAFT Sept 2024.pdf - MR Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Draft_October 2024.pdf Final Approval Date: Oct 16, 2024 This report and all of its attachments were approved and signed as outlined below: Zvi Lifshiz, Director Strategic Development, Communications & Public Engagement Scott Hartman, Chief Administrative Officer Page 11 of 63 Maple Ridge Climate Action Plan CAP Community GHG Emissions Projections – Modelling Summary September 2024 - DRAFT Background Since signing the B.C. Climate Action Charter in 2009, Maple Ridge has been working towards achieving its climate action goals, both corporately and community-wide. The City is currently in the process of developing its Climate Action Plan and one of the goals of the plan is to reduce GHG emissions. The City previously adopted targets to reduce emissions by 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 and reach net-zero emissions by 2050. To support the development of the Climate Action Plan and understand potential emissions reduction in Maple Ridge, Introba has developed various projections of the City’s community GHG emissions using their proprietary Community Energy and Emissions Planning (CEEP) model. Modelling Overview The modelling explores the impact of policies from all levels of government, including actions being considered by Maple Ridge. Many of the overarching drivers of emission reduction in the region are federal, provincial or regional regulations, however, it is important to note that municipal governments play a crucial role in supporting these regulations and without municipal action, the potential emissions reductions from these regulations would not be realized. Moreover, municipal action is needed to tackle the GHG emissions addressed by these regulations. The projections start from 2022 and explore the impact on stationary energy, transportation and waste emissions (aligned with the City’s GHG emissions inventory for 2022 was completed by Licker Geospatial Consulting). Through the modelling, the following projections (hereafter referred to as “scenarios”) have been explored: • No Action: Projected emissions assuming that no further climate action is realized, and emissions increase with growth alone. Example: The Zero Carbon Step Code is not adopted. • Existing Action: Projected emissions based on existing regulations from higher levels of government and supporting municipal action. Example: The Zero Carbon Step Code is adopted and follows the Provincial Timeline. • Planned Action: Projected emissions based on planned regulations from higher levels of government (those that are in development and likely to be implemented) and supporting municipal action, layered on top of existing action. Example: Adoption of the Zero Carbon Step Code is as per the existing action scenario. An example of a planned regulation is the Alterations Code. • Further Action: Projected emissions based on potential municipal requirements and non-regulatory policy from all levels of government, layered on top of existing and planned action. Example: Maple Ridge introduces requirements to meet levels of the Zero Carbon Step Code ahead of the provincial timeline. The projections for the existing, planned and further action scenarios are presented using wedge charts, which show the emissions reduction from policies over the no-action scenario. While the City’s GHG emissions reduction targets are relative to a 2010 baseline, showing savings relative to the no-action scenario illustrates the impact that existing policies are yet to have. Detailed assumptions for each of the policies modelled have been provided to the City in a supporting Excel document. While each policy is modelled separately, in many cases multiple policies address the same emissions within a sector, and in these cases, the CEEP model is set up to avoid double counting and model additionality between policies. As the resulting GHG emissions reduction cannot be attributed specifically to one policy or the other, the wedge charts show GHG emission reductions by policy area. A summary of the modelled policies, the scenario in which they are first introduced and the wedges in which their GHG emissions savings are reported is provided in Table 2. Page 12 of 63 Table 2 also pulls out the level of control that the City has over each policy. This highlights where the city has a role in supporting regulatory and non-regulatory policies from higher levels of government and where the city can set its own requirements. The different levels of control used to describe this are detailed in Table 1. Table 1 – Levels of Control Level Description Control Maple Ridge has near-complete or full decision-making authority over the policy. Influence/Control Maple Ridge has decision-making authority over some components of the policy and can take action to support the successful implementation and/or delivery of other components. Influence Maple Ridge has no decision-making authority over the policy but can take action to support the successful implementation and/or delivery of that policy. Interest Maple Ridge has no decision-making authority or influence over the policy but is interested in and affected by the outcomes. Table 2 – Summary of Modelled Policies Policy / Input Policy Type Leading Actor(s) Level of Control Scenario Introduced Wedge(s) Clean Electricity Delivery Standard Regulation Province of BC, BC Hydro Influence Existing Clean Electricity GHG Emissions Cap / Renewable Natural Gas Regulation Province of BC, FortisBC Interest Existing Renewable Natural Gas BC Energy Step Code Regulation Province of BC, Maple Ridge Influence/Control Existing (Assumptions vary in subsequent scenarios) Low-Carbon New Construction BC Zero Carbon Step Code Regulation Province of BC, Maple Ridge* Influence/Control Existing (Assumptions vary in subsequent scenarios) Low-Carbon New Construction Corporate New Construction Standard Regulation Maple Ridge Control Further Low-Carbon New Construction Energy Benchmarking Regulation Metro Vancouver Influence Planned Part 3 Energy Efficiency Alterations Code Regulation Province of BC Influence Planned Part 9 Energy Efficiency Part 3 Energy Efficiency Highest Efficiency Equipment Standard Regulation Province of BC, Maple Ridge Influence Planned Part 9 Fuel Switching Part 3 Fuel Switching Building Performance Standard Regulation Metro Vancouver Influence Planned Part 3 Fuel Switching Corporate Existing Building Standards Regulation Maple Ridge Control Further Part 3 Fuel Switching Incentives and Supports Incentive Various Influence/Control Existing (Assumptions vary in subsequent scenarios) Part 9 Energy Efficiency Part 3 Energy Efficiency Part 9 Fuel Switching Part 3 Fuel Switching Equipment Electrification Trend Various Influence Further Equipment Electrification Low Carbon Fuels Standard Regulation Province of BC Interest Existing Low-Carbon Transportation Fuels Light-Duty Zero- Emission Vehicles Sales Targets Regulation Government of Canada, Province of BC Influence Existing Light-Duty ZEVs Page 13 of 63 Medium/Heavy-Duty Zero-Emission Vehicles Sales Targets Regulation Province of BC Influence Planned Medium/Heavy-Duty ZEVs Mode Shift Targets Target Metro Vancouver, TransLink, Maple Ridge Influence Further Mode Shift Waste Diversion Targets Target Metro Vancouver Influence Further Waste Diversion It should be noted that many federal policies are not modelled, this is because there are parallel policies at the provincial and regional level that are more stringent. For example, the Province of BC and the Government of Canada both have requirements for ZEV sales and while they are set out on the same timeline, the province's requirements are much higher. Additionally, it can be seen that some corporate policies are modelled, and others are not. Community GHG emissions (from all activity within Maple Ridge) include corporate GHG emissions (from activity by Maple Ridge as an organization). Corporate GHG emissions typically represent a very small proportion of overall community GHG emissions and therefore emissions reduction from any corporate policy is typically negligible at this scale. Where corporate activity is pseudo-covered by the other policies being modelled, no further corporate policy is modelled (e.g. fleet electrification is pseudo-covered by Zero Emissions Vehicle sales targets). However, where corporate activity is not covered by the other policies being modelled, then corporate policy is modelled (e.g. municipal buildings are not typically covered by the other policies being modelled, hence corporate buildings standards have been modelled). Introba’s CEEP model is not intended to be a predictive tool and does not account for costs or externalities other than GHG emissions. The model is intended to provide municipalities with a high-level understanding of how they can achieve GHG emissions reductions, and therefore, only explores policies where GHG savings are quantifiable. Results and Discussion • As noted in the modelling overview, emission reductions for all scenarios are shown relative to the no action scenario on wedge charts This allows us to visualize the impact that existing policies are yet to have. • In the no action scenario, where it is assumed that no further climate action is realized, growth drives an increase in emissions in all sectors. More specifically building emissions increase over time with a net gain in building floor area (tied to land-use forecasting completed by Licker Geospatial Consulting) and transportation and waste emissions increase proportionally with population projections. • The wedge charts also show the City’s historic GHG emissions between 2010 and 2022 to provide context on trends. These historic GHG emissions are based on the inventories for 2010, 2015 and 2022 completed by Licker Geospatial Consulting. A high-level overview of emissions in each of these years is presented in Table 3. • The key takeaways from these inventories are that stationary energy (buildings) and transportation are by far the biggest sectors in terms of GHG emissions and that as of 2022 emissions have increased by 12% over 2010 levels. Table 3 - 2010, 2015 and 2022 annual GHG emissions 2010 2015 2022 tCO2e % of Total tCO2e % of Total tCO2e % of Total Stationary Energy 206,527 47% 180,467 41% 219,133 45% Transportation 218,921 50% 256,663 58% 260,272 53% Waste 10,391 2% 5,579 1% 7,921 2% Total 435,839 - 442,709 - 487,326 - Page 14 of 63 Existing Action Projected emissions based on existing regulations from higher levels of government and supporting municipal action. Projected emissions reduction: • 2030: 6% (target = 45%) • 2050: 36% (target = net zero) Figure 1 – Community GHG Emissions Reduction from Existing Action • In the existing action scenario, the vast majority of emissions reduction comes in the transportation sector and is associated with the province’s zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) sales targets for light-duty vehicles. The transportation sector represents 53% of all community GHG emissions in Maple Ridge, and light-duty vehicles alone represent 40% of all emissions, hence there is much potential for emission reduction in this sector. • Other emissions reduction shown in this scenario is associated with the BC Energy Step Code and Zero Carbon Step Code (following provincial timelines for both), the Clean Electricity Delivery Standard, the Low Carbon Fuel Standard, the use of Renewable Natural Gas, and the use of existing incentives for building retrofits. Page 15 of 63 Planned Action Projected emissions based on planned regulations from higher levels of government (those that are in development and likely to be implemented) and supporting municipal action, layered on top of existing action. • 2030: 10% (target = 45%) • 2050: 60% (target = net zero) Figure 2 – Community GHG Emissions Reduction from Planned Action • Increased emissions reduction in the planned action scenario solely comes from existing buildings. • Emissions savings for existing buildings are largely driven by the Province’s proposed Highest Efficiency Equipment Standard and Alteration’s Code and Metro Vancouver’s planned Building Performance Standard and reporting requirements. • It is also important to note that this scenario is modelled based on the targets of these policies and in most cases, the achievement of these targets strongly depends on municipal action to support implementation and delivery. Moreover, it is not guaranteed that these regulations will be implemented, there is always the possibility that they will not come to fruition. Page 16 of 63 Further Action Projected emissions based on potential municipal requirements and non-regulatory policy from all levels of government, layered on top of existing and planned action. • 2030: 23% (target = 45%) • 2050: 85% (target = net zero) Figure 3 – Community GHG Emissions Reduction from Further Action • In this final, further action scenario, increased emissions reduction is largely due to: o The electrification of construction, industrial and agricultural equipment, for which there are currently no requirements. It is expected that there will be a will towards electrification. o The introduction of ZEV targets for medium and heavy-duty vehicles, which have been signalled in the CleanBC Roadmap but are not, as far as it is understood, close to implementation. • There is also increased emissions reduction in existing buildings and new construction due to the introduction of municipal requirements, including accelerated adoption of the Zero Carbon Step Code and the introduction of corporate building standards. • In the transportation sector, savings previously attributed to ZEV uptake are now attributed to anticipated mode shift and in the waste sector there is some emissions reduction associated with waste diversion targets. • Figure 4 on the following page shows the remaining emissions in each sector after the further action scenario. It can be seen there are remaining emissions in all sectors, which is to be expected. o There is some new construction with gas systems before the top levels of the Zero Carbon Step Code are introduced. o There is still some remaining gas use in existing buildings for backup or peak heating. Page 17 of 63 o It is assumed that not all vehicles are ZEVs come 2050 and that some owners will hold onto their combustion vehicles. Figure 4 – Remaining Community GHG Emissions after Further Action Page 18 of 63 Discussion • As noted throughout, many of the overarching drivers of emission reduction are federal, provincial or regional regulations, however, it is important to reiterate that municipal governments play a critical role in the successful implementation and delivery of these regulations as highlighted in Tables 1 and 2. Without municipal action, the potential emissions reductions from these regulations may not be realized. • Many of the modelled policies require the electrification of transportation and buildings. Understandably there are concerns about the capacity of the electrical grid to handle the increased demand posed by widespread electrification. In the short term, there may be transmission and distribution capacity limitations, but it is anticipated these will be resolved in the mid-term. BC Hydro has received a strong response to its Call for Power, launched in 2024, and recently published its 10-year capital plan setting out its investment into generation assets, large transmission infrastructure, community substations and local wires. Noting that there are many nuanced considerations around electrification, a key point to make is that all efforts should be made to avoid the installation and dependency on new fossil fuel systems in the short term, as this will lead to greater GHG emissions and set people up for extra costs in the future when regulation requires forces them to be replaced. While renewable natural gas (RNG) also offers a clean alternative to conventional natural gas, there is limited availability of RNG, particularly within the Province. • The transportation sector is currently the largest source of GHG emissions and as such, there is huge potential for emissions reduction in this sector. In the projections modelling, this potential emissions reduction is largely attributed to the provincial ZEV sales targets. With these targets and an assumed turnover rate (average lifespan) of 15 years, most vehicles, 92%, will be ZEVs by 2050. It is important to note that all levels of government will need to work together to ensure this level of transition is realized. The Province of BC has already started by providing incentives for electric vehicles and has brought in the “right to charge” legislation. The “Canada’s Electric Vehicle Availability Standard” announced very recently (December 20, 2023) confirms the federal commitment to accelerate electric vehicle adoption, with regulated annual sales requirements increasing annually to 60 percent by 2030 and 100 percent by 2035 for light-duty vehicles. Maple Ridge’s Strategic Transportation Plan (STP) and the CAP will both need to have actions that support the adoption of electric/zero-emissions vehicles such as ensuring new developments are EV-ready; expanding the City’s EV charging network and providing EV education. • The transition to ZEVs and the transition to active transportation and transit (otherwise referred to as mode shift) both address the same GHG emissions. However, mode shift brings important co-benefits such as reduced congestion, improved air quality and improved health. • Inherently, there is large uncertainty with projections modelling. Much of the projections modelling is based on targets which reflect the intended outcomes of certain policies. These targets are understandably ambitious as they reflect the level of action required to mitigate to most severe consequences of climate change. Page 19 of 63 Targets • The projections of the community GHG emissions show that Maple Ridge will not meet their 2030 target. The 2030 target requires a 45% reduction in emissions over 2010 levels, but projections for the further action scenario, show that the City only achieves a 23% reduction. • Two notable pieces of context help to explain why the City will struggle to meet their 2030 target: o The 2022 GHG emission inventory shows that emissions are currently 12% higher than they were in 2010. Hence the City would need to achieve almost 60% reduction in just 8 years to meet their 2030 target. o Maple Ridge is currently in a period of rapid growth, which is expected to continue. This presents a very real challenge when meeting absolute reduction targets. • As such it is recommended that the City reconsiders their 2030 target. Maple Ridge could opt to change the percentage reduction or timeline of the current target, explore the use of per capita targets or forgo an interim target altogether. • The City also has a target to achieve net zero by 2050. The projections show that there are residual emissions in all sectors come 2050, which is to be expected. To achieve net zero, these emissions will need to be balanced through advanced policy, carbon offsets and new technologies. Net zero by 2050 is a widely adopted target and it is recommended that the City keeps this target. The City of Maple Ridge, along with all governments at various levels, will need to track developments and opportunities that arise in the rapidly changing, increasingly progressive landscape of climate action. • Table 4 details absolute emissions and emissions per capita for 2010 and 2022 and what is projected for future years. For 2022, this clearly shows that while absolute emissions have increased, when you consider emissions per capita, there has been progress to date. • Based on these projections Maple Ridge might consider extending the timeline of their 45% emissions reduction target from 2030 to 2035. It is projected that the City will achieve a 48% reduction by 2035. Table 4 – Emissions Reduction Actual Projected (Further Action Scenario) 2010 2022 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Annual GHG emissions after Further Action (tCO2e) 435,838 487,326 334,115 227,281 124,684 84,775 64,116 Emissions reduction over 2010 (%) - +12% -23% -48% -71% -81% -85% Emissions reduction targets over 2010 (%) - - -45% - - - -100% Population 74,811 92,994 109,022 119,058 129,094 140,258 151,422 Annual GHG emissions per capita after Further Action (tCO2e/person) 5.83 5.24 3.06 1.91 0.97 0.60 0.42 Emissions reduction per capita over 2010 (%) - -10% -47% -67% -83% -90% -93% Page 20 of 63 Appendix A – Change in Natural Assets • Natural Assets have not been captured in the City’s community GHG emissions inventories. This is common practice - natural assets are not part of the BASIC reporting requirements set out by the GPC Protocol. • The GHG emissions projections only track emissions covered in the inventories and therefore do not capture the impact of changes in natural assets. • A topic that is often discussed in relation to GHG emissions reduction is tree canopy and carbon sequestration. New trees sequester carbon (and provide more storage for carbon) and this is often considered a strategy to reduce emissions. However, if trees are cut down, the carbon stored in those trees can end up back in the atmosphere. • Maple Ridge’s Urban Forest Management Strategy (UFMS) sets out a path to increase tree canopy in the City from 38% to 40%, in the context of city growth. However, the land-use forecasting completed by Licker Geospatial Consulting as part of the Climate Action Plan development forecasts significantly more growth into greenfield and forested land than what was estimated when the UFMS was completed. • Some high-level calculations have been conducted to understand what the net change in tree canopy across the entire municipality is now anticipated to be and what that means for GHG emissions. • The purpose of these calculations is to highlight how GHG emissions are impacted by growth and the management of natural assets. • The UFMS estimates that there would be 193 hectares of tree canopy loss by 2043 due to land development but that this will be replaced with 253 hectares of tree canopy, hence a net gain. • The replaced tree canopy is based on 1980 new private trees and 370 new public trees getting planted each year, which is fairly aggressive. • The land use modelling completed by Licker Geospatial Consulting as part of the Climate Action Plan development forecasts a loss of 378 hectares to development on greenfield and forested land by 2050. This is based on the latest growth projections and housing demand targets and assumes considerable densification. • Assuming that there is no increase in tree planting, this now results in a net loss of tree canopy which results in stored carbon being released into the atmosphere. The amount of stored carbon released depends on how those trees are used, e.g. if the trees get used for timber most of the carbon remains stored, if the trees get used for wood chips, most of the carbon gets released as the chips decompose. • If considering just the tree canopy loss, 378 hectares by 2050, is on average 14 hectares of tree canopy loss per year. It is estimated that this would result in 3,850 tCO2e being released into the atmosphere each year. This would result in a 0.8% increase in annual emissions in 2024 and a 6.2% increase in 2050. When considering the replaced tree canopy and the net loss, the impact on emissions is minimal. However, this net loss assumes densification and aggressive tree planting, if development is less dense and less tree planting is realized the impact on GHG emissions could quickly become notable. If greenfield development doubles and tree planting halves, the net loss in the tree canopy and the resultant emissions released would result in a 12% increase in annual emissions in 2050. Page 21 of 63 Maple Ridge Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan October 2024 DRAFT Page 22 of 63 Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.1 Project Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Overview ........................................................................................................ 2 2 Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Approach ............................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Hazard Identification ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4 2.2 Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment ............................................................................................................................ 4 3 Climate Context ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Warming Climate & Extreme Heat ............................................................................................................................................. 9 3.2 Drought & Water Shortage ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.3 Wildfire ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 3.4 Poor Air Quality ................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 3.5 Rainwater Flooding ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.6 River Flooding & Erosion ............................................................................................................................................................. 11 3.7 Coastal Flooding & Erosion ......................................................................................................................................................... 12 3.8 Extreme Wind & Storms ............................................................................................................................................................... 12 3.9 Changing Ice & Snow .................................................................................................................................................................... 13 4 Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Results .................................................................................................................. 14 4.1 Economic ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 4.2 Social & Cultural .............................................................................................................................................................................. 15 4.3 Environment ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 4.4 Overall Results Summary .............................................................................................................................................................. 18 5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Appendix A: Assessment Scoring Criteria .............................................................................................................................................. 21 Appendix B: Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment and Summary Table ........................................................................ 23 Page 23 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 2 of 24 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Overview The City of Maple Ridge is developing a Climate Action Plan to identify emissions reduction and risk management strategies that create a practical and achievable pathway towards low carbon resilience. The Plan will incorporate findings from ongoing engagement, and from a series of technical analyses, including greenhouse gas emissions modelling, land use forecasting, multi-hazard and extreme temperature mapping, and a climate risk and vulnerability assessment. In addition, the Plan will incorporate and build on the existing policies, strategies, and programs that Maple Ridge has in-place to integrate low-carbon resilience into existing efforts. Overall, the Plan will provide Maple Ridge with a clear path forward to achieving its climate-related goals and help to inform subsequent planning initiatives. 1.2 Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Overview Maple Ridge is already facing the impacts of climate change. In 2021, the heat dome impacted residents across the lower-mainland, leading to 619 heat-related deaths1. During the same year, the atmospheric river in November put Maple Ridge at risk of flooding. The City has also faced drought and elevated water restrictions in recent years. The purpose of the climate risk and vulnerability assessment was to understand which climate hazards pose the greatest risk to City assets, people and services to help the City prioritize resilience strategies to invest in. The climate risk and vulnerability assessment had the following objectives: • Determine which climate-related hazards are relevant for the City, and what future conditions could entail; • Identify vulnerable people, assets, and services to the effects of climate hazards; • Highlight priority impacts and areas for climate resilience action in Maple Ridge; • Identify existing strengths and initiatives already in place that can be built upon to further climate resilience in areas of high priority; and • Identify the highest priority actions the City can take to address the areas of highest vulnerability and risk. To achieve these objectives, the climate risk and vulnerability assessment built upon other project components, specifically mapping, natural assets review, and engagement, by integrating geospatial and natural assets considerations and incorporating community concerns and lived experiences. A Phase 1 Engagement Summary and a Heat Vulnerability Data & Multi Hazard Analysis Report are available as separate documents, outlining the methods and outcomes of these project components. The climate risk and vulnerability assessment was one component of the broader climate action planning initiative for the City of Maple Ridge. Figure 1 depicts how the assessment fits into the overall project structure and workflow. One addition to the graphic is that engagement results were also incorporated directly into the assessment. As seen in Figure 1, the results of the climate risk and vulnerability assessment will directly inform the strategies and actions presented in the final Climate Action Plan. 1 British Columbia Coroners Service. (2022). Extreme Heat and Human Mortality: A Review of Heat-Related Deaths in B.C. in Summer 2021. Page 24 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 3 of 24 Figure 1: Climate Action Plan Components Page 25 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 4 of 24 2 Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Approach This section describes the methodology used for the climate risk and vulnerability assessment, including the climate hazards considered, the breakdown of considered sectors and elements, key inputs to the assessment, and the evaluation and scoring methods used. 2.1 Hazard Identification To determine which hazards to include in the assessment, the list of hazards from the C40 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Reporting Framework2 were used. The full list of hazards was narrowed to consider just those considered realistic and relevant to the lower mainland. The hazards excluded from the full list were extreme cold temperature, chemical change, mass movement, biological hazards, and insect infestation. They were excluded due to historical climate in Maple Ridge, geographical context, and relevance to the evaluated sectors. Some considerations for mass movement and insect infestation were included under other hazards. The final list of hazards is consistent with the assessment frameworks being used across the Lower Mainland, including the City of Vancouver’s Resilient Buildings Planning Worksheet3, and the province of BC’s 2019 Preliminary Strategic Climate Risk Assessment4. The climate risk and vulnerability assessment considered the following climate hazards, which were identified with input from the Advisory Committee: • Warming Climate & Extreme Heat: More severe, frequent, and prolonged heatwaves, in addition to warmer average temperatures throughout the year. • Drought & Water Shortage: Longer, drier periods throughout the summer leading to increased water shortages. • Wildfire: Increased risk of wildfire in wildland interface zones. • Poor Air Quality: More frequent and severe smoke events from wildfires across the region and further reduced air quality due to increasing ground ozone levels • Stormwater Flooding: More intense rainfall events leading to stormwater flooding in low-lying and impervious developed areas. • River Flooding & Erosion: Increased river levels due to more intense rainfall and spring freshet leading to overflowing of dikes, and shoreline retreat causing erosion and flooding in river floodplains. • Coastal Flooding & Erosion: Increased river levels due to sea level rise leading to erosion and flooding in floodplains. • Extreme Wind & Storms: More frequent and severe windstorms throughout the year. • Changing Ice & Snow: More freeze-thaw cycles throughout the year and increased snowstorms and associated snow loads on infrastructure. 2.2 Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment The climate risk vulnerability assessment framework used for this project followed the general steps laid out in the BC Climate Risk Assessment Framework, with some modifications to fit the context of resilience planning for Maple Ridge. It also drew from the Provincial Hazard and Risk Vulnerability Assessment (HRVA)5 and the ICLEI (Local Governments for Sustainability) Building Adaptive and Resilient Communities (BARC) program6. 2 C40 Cities. (2018). Climate Change Risk Assessment Guidance. 3 City of Vancouver. (2023). Resilient Buildings Planning Worksheet 4 BC Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy. (2019). Preliminary Strategic Climate Risk Assessment for British Columbia. 5 Government of BC. (2019). Hazard, Risk & Vulnerability Analysis for Local Authorities and First Nations. 6 ICLEI Canada. (2017). Building Adaptive & Resilience Communities (BARC) Program. Page 26 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 5 of 24 The key components of the climate risk and vulnerability assessment are Impact Statements, Key Vulnerable Groups/Assets/Locations, Key Strengths & Opportunities from Engagement, Past Experiences, Likelihood, Consequence, Risk Evaluation, and Resilience Strategies. The following sections provide further detail regarding the information used to inform these components, and the scoring methodologies used. 2.2.1 Assessment Categories The climate risk and vulnerability assessment considered the impacts of climate hazards across three sectors: Economic, Social & Cultural, and Environment. For each sector, three to four elements were considered. Table 1 summarizes the elements considered for each sector. These elements were refined based on input from Maple Ridge Staff to broadly align with City department structures and enable effective implementation. Table 1: Systems and Elements Considerd Systems Economic Social & Cultural Environment Elements Municipal infrastructure (roads, w/ww/s, buildings, parks, sports fields) Mental & physical health Natural assets (wetlands, vegetated banks, watercourses, urban canopy) Third party regional infrastructure (power, telecom, transportation, institutional, railway, contaminated sites) Cultural practices & traditional foods Trails & forested areas Private property (Part 9 & Part 3 residential, social housing) Impacts to wellbeing Ecological systems & sensitive habitat Business losses & employment disruption in key sectors (e.g. agriculture, industrial, commercial) 2.2.2 Evaluation & Scoring The climate risk and vulnerability assessment process included the identification of impacts, vulnerabilities, strengths and opportunities, past experiences, and existing strategies related to climate hazards across Maple Ridge. This information was gathered in the assessment framework seen in Table 2 and used to inform the consequence, and risk scores. Table 2: Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Framework Page 27 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 6 of 24 The various elements of the assessment framework can be defined as follows: Impact refers to the effect of climate change – both observed and expected – on the people, buildings, infrastructure, and natural systems that make up Maple Ridge. The impacts of climate change can either be negative outcomes to prepare for or positive opportunities to be highlighted. This assessment captured the impacts of each hazard on each element as “impact statements.” In some cases, multiple related impacts from the same hazard were noted in a single statement. Vulnerability is the degree to which Maple Ridge’s ecosystems, economy, infrastructure and communities are susceptible to, or unable to cope with, the adverse effects of climate change. Vulnerability was not quantitatively evaluated, but rather driven by engagement results to reflect detail on the specific groups, assets, or locations in the City that are considered by staff and the public to be the most vulnerable to the impacts from climate-related hazards. Strength refers to the effectiveness, robustness, and resilience of existing strategies, practices or networks that already exist in Maple Ridge to manage the potential impacts of climate hazards. It can also refer to the inherent strengths of the communities or systems. Likelihood refers to the chance of a climate-related hazard occurring or becoming worse over a specified timeframe in Maple Ridge. Likelihood was scored based on the scoring matrix in Appendix A. These scores were assigned based on the projected changes to the gathered climate variables for each hazard. Consequence refers to the outcome of an event affecting objectives (as defined by the Public Infrastructure Engineering Vulnerability Committee (PIEVC)). In the context of this climate risk and vulnerability assessment, consequence refers to the severity of climate hazard impacts on the different systems within Maple Ridge. Consequence was scored based on the scoring matrix provided in Appendix A. A unique consequence scale from Very Low (1) to Very High (5) was used for four categories of consequence: Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption, and Environmental Damage. Consequence scores were informed by past experiences, key vulnerabilities, and existing strengths. Impacts that had been previously experienced or that had many key identified vulnerabilities were given higher consequence scores. Impacts with strong associated existing strengths were given a lower consequence score. Risk refers to the potential for adverse effects of climate change on human and natural systems. It is a function of the likelihood that a climate shock or stress will occur, and the severity of consequence of that event should it occur. Risk scores in the assessment were calculated as follows: 𝑅�ℎ𝑞𝑘 𝑅𝑐𝑛𝑞𝑐=𝐿�ℎ𝑘𝑐𝑘�ℎ�𝑛𝑛𝑐 𝑅𝑐𝑛𝑞𝑐∗𝐶𝑛𝑛𝑞𝑐𝑞𝑢𝑐𝑛𝑐𝑐 𝑅𝑐𝑛𝑞𝑐 These scores were calculated for each timeframe (past, 2050s, and 2070s). After risk scores were calculated, they were translated to risk classifications (Very Low Risk, Low Risk, Medium Risk, High Risk, Extreme Risk) based on the matrix available in Appendix A. 2.2.3 Inputs Climate data, background information, mapping, engagement, and natural assets considerations were important inputs to the climate risk assessment that are discussed below. Climate Data For each climate hazard being assessed, downscaled climate projections, primarily from the Canadian Centre for Climate Services’ (CCCS) Climatedata.ca database7, were gathered. This dataset was selected as the primary data source as it represents the most up-to-date climate projection data available in Canada, which was recently updated to incorporate the newest Global Climate Models (CMIP 6) released with the Intergovernmental Panel 7 Canadian Centre for Climate Services. (n.d.). Climatedata.ca (webpage). Page 28 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 7 of 24 for Climate Change (IPCC)’s 6th Assessment Report in 2021. While the CCCS climate database includes a wide range of climate projections, additional climate projections were drawn from the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium’s Climate Explorer tool8, and various other peer-reviewed sources. All gathered projections were based on the Shared Socio-economic Pathway 5 (SSP5)/Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, which refers to a “business as usual” scenario where global temperatures rise by 3.5°C by the end of the century. Baseline and projection values in the 2050s and 2070s were gathered for a variety of variables for each hazard to illustrate what the future climate conditions in Maple Ridge. These gathered values were then used to inform the likelihood scoring. Likelihood scores were assigned based on the matrix in Appendix A. This matrix was taken from the 2019 Preliminary Strategic Climate Risk Assessment for British Columbia 9and modified to add a Magnitude of Change criteria which is aligned with the approach in the PIEVC High Level Screening Guide10. The matrix was used to assign likelihood scores to each hazard and time horizon on a scale from 1 (rare), to 5 (almost certain). Background Review Existing Maple Ridge regional documents were reviewed to understand analyses and planning efforts already in- place that could be built-on to improve climate resilience across the City. Some key existing strategies from these documents are summarized throughout Section 4. Mapping The mapping portion of the project, led by Licker Geospatial, consisted of three components, two of which were used to inform the climate risk and vulnerability assessment. The first component used to inform the assessment was the extreme temperature mapping, which aimed to broaden the understanding of vulnerability to extreme heat across Maple Ridge. Three indices to represent extreme heat vulnerability were developed: • Heat Exposure: Describes the distribution of extreme heat across Maple Ridge based on direct observations of land surface temperature from the 2021 heat dome. • Demographic Vulnerability Index: Describes population-specific vulnerability across Maple Ridge and was developed based on demographic factors such as age, income, and living alone. • Building Vulnerability Index: Describes building-specific vulnerability across Maple Ridge and was based on factors such as building type, age, and reflectivity. The other component of mapping used to inform the climate risk and vulnerability assessment was the multi- hazard mapping. This exploratory component sought to develop additional maps of other climate hazards to inform assessmentThe following maps were developed as a part of this component. The wildfire smoke maps were developed by Licker Geospatial, while the coastal flooding, riverine flooding, and wildfire hazard maps were derived from the Metro Vancouver Regional District’s Regional Multi-Hazard Mapping Projec11t • Wildfire Smoke Days (2021, 2022, and 2023): Depicts the number of days where the daily average PM2.5 concentration exceeded 25µg/m3, which is the air quality standard set by provincial guidelines. • Coastal Flooding: Depicts the probability (higher, lower) of coastal flooding across Maple Ridge. • Riverine Flooding: Depicts the probability (higher, lower) of riverine flooding across Maple Ridge • Wildfire Hazard: Depicts the probability (higher, lower) of wildfire across Maple Ridge in addition to the locations of fire halls. 8 Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium. (n.d.). PCIC Climate Explorer (webpage). 9 BC Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy. (2019). Preliminary Strategic Climate Risk Assessment for British Columbia. 10 PIEVC. (n.d.). High Level Screening Guide 11 Metro Vancouver Regional District. (2024). Regional Multi-Hazard Mapping Project. Page 29 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 8 of 24 Maps of the heat exposure indices, and the multi-hazard maps were used to inform the Key Vulnerable Groups/Assets/Locations section of the climate risk and vulnerability assessment by highlighting areas of high vulnerability or exposure to extreme heat, wildfire smoke, coastal flooding, riverine flooding, and wildfire. These vulnerabilities were then considered in the scoring of consequence and risk (see Section 2.2.2 for scoring methodology). For more details on the mapping methodology and approach, see the Heat Vulnerability Data & Multi Hazard Analysis Report. Engagement Phase 1 engagement focused on raising awareness of the Climate Resilience Action Plan and understanding the lived experiences of climate change impacts and vulnerabilities. This phase of engagement included pop-ups, a public online survey, and an interest holder survey. Four pop-ups were held from April to June 2024 with 225 participants. The interest holder survey received 5 responses, and the public online survey received 119 responses with 60% of respondents being above the age of 46, and 98% of respondents owning their homes. The public survey asked respondents about climate hazards experienced, hazards of most concern, emissions reduction strategies, resilience strategies, and barriers. Results from Phase 1 engagement were directly incorporated into the climate risk and vulnerability assessment. Engagement outcomes (e.g., identified concerns, climate hazards experienced, resilience strategies, barriers) were incorporated throughout the assessment through Impact Statements, Key Vulnerable Groups/Assets/Locations, Key Strengths & Opportunities, and Past Experiences. Identified. Identified vulnerabilities also informed the consequence scoring (see Section 2.2.2); for example, consequence was scored higher for impacts with many identified vulnerabilities. Natural Assets Review Natural assets refer to natural resources or ecosystems such as rivers, wetlands, forests, and vegetation across Maple that provide services to the City. Natural systems can be significantly impacted by climate change, which can in turn negatively impact the natural services they provide, such as stormwater management. The City has a Green Infrastructure Management Strategy12, and an Urban Forest Management Plan13 that discuss the protection and enhancement of existing natural assets as they are an important consideration for the City. Natural assets also play a key role in low-carbon resilience strategies as they can sequester carbon while improving resilience of the City to the impacts of climate change. To provide a more comprehensive overview of the potential impacts of climate hazards on natural assets and the environment, Diamond Head Consulting provided detailed input on the Impact Statements, Key Vulnerable Groups/Assets/Locations, and Key Strengths & Opportunities for the Environment sector impacts included in the climate risk and vulnerability assessment. 12 Maple Ridge. (2021). City of Maple Ridge Green Infrastructure Management Strategy. 13 Maple Ridge (2024). Urban Forest Management Plan Page 30 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 9 of 24 3 Climate Context Maple Ridge experiences a temperate climate, with mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers. However, climate change is expected to alter these conditions in the coming years. Climate projected were used in the climate risk and vulnerability assessment to better understand and quantify these changes. As seen in Figure 2, the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections suggest that climate change will pose increasingly significant risks to communities if not proactively managed alongside efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Maple Ridge is already experiencing impacts from climate change such as the 2021 atmospheric river and heat dome events. These and other climate events such as river and coastal flooding, wildfire, wildfire smoke, and extreme wind are expected to become more frequent and severe due to climate change. These climate hazards are discussed in more detail in the sections below. Figure 2: Future Climate Projection Trends and Risks14 3.1 Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Maple Ridge has been experiencing increasingly hot summers and more frequent extreme heat events, such as the record-breaking 2021 heat dome. The City is expected to experience more frequent and severe periods of extreme heat in coming years. Days above 30°C are expected to increase 283% in the 2050s and 483% in the 2070s. Additionally, the hottest day temperature is expected to increase from 32.2°C in the past to 35.9°C in the 2050s and to 38.0°C in the 2070s. Average annual temperature is also expected to increase, rising from 9.8°C in the past to 12.6°C in the 2050s and to 14.0°C in the 2070s. Because of these dramatic increases in heat-related climate variables, warming climate & extreme heat was assigned likelihood scores of five in the 2050s and the 2070s (see Table 3). 14 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Figure SPM.1: AR6 Synthesis Report. Page 31 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 10 of 24 Table 3: Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Likelihood Scores Impact Area Acute Event (Screened in hazards) Likelihood Past (baseline) [1971-2000] Likelihood 2050s [2041-2070] Likelihood 2070s [2071-2100] Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Gradual Increase in Temperature and Extreme Heat 3 5 5 3.2 Drought & Water Shortage Maple Ridge has been experiencing increasing instances of drought in recent years and these conditions are expected to worsen in future years. The longest annual dry spell duration is expected to increase from 21 days in the past to 25 days in the 2050s and to 26 days in the 2070s. While total annual precipitation is expected to increase in future periods, average total summer precipitation is expected to decrease by 14% in the 2050s and by 20% in the 2070s. Due to these worsening conditions in future years, the assigned likelihood scores for drought in Maple Ridge increase from two in the past to three in the 2050s and four in the 2070s (see Table 4). Table 4: Drought & Water Shortage Likelihood Scores Impact Area Acute Event (Screened in hazards) Likelihood Past (baseline) [1971-2000] Likelihood 2050s [2041-2070] Likelihood 2070s [2071-2100] Drought & Water Shortage Short Term Water Supply Constraints and Drought 2 3 4 3.3 Wildfire According to the Provincial Wildland Urban Interface Risk Class Maps15, the City of Maple Ridge contains areas of moderate and high wildfire risk as it is highly forested. The fire season length is expected to increase from 277 days in the past to 345 in the 2050s. Fire weather severity is also expected to increase, rising from 84 in the past to 127 in the 2050s. In addition, fire weather frequency is expected to increase from 29 days in the past to 57 in the 2050s. Due to these significant changes, the likelihood of wildfire in future periods (2050, and 2070) was assigned a score of five (see Table 5). Table 5: Wildfire Likelihood Scores Impact Area Acute Event (Screened in hazards) Likelihood Past (baseline) [1971-2000] Likelihood 2050s [2041-2070] Likelihood 2070s [2071-2100] Wildfire Interface Wildfire 3 5 5 15 British Columbia. (2021). Wildland Urban Interface Risk Class Maps. Page 32 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 11 of 24 3.4 Poor Air Quality Maple Ridge experienced 4-5 wildfire smoke days in 2021, 4-7 wildfire smoke days in 2022, and 10-11 wildfire smoke days in 2023 based on the mapping results from this project. These numbers are expected to worsen in the coming decades as the number of smoke waves (periods of 2 or more consecutive wildfire smoke days) is expected to increase from 3-4 in the past to 5-6 by the 2050s. In addition, ozone levels are expected to increase as temperatures warm, further contributing to poor air quality in the City. Because air quality is expected to worsen in Maple Ridge in future periods, a likelihood score of five was assigned for both future periods (2050 and 2070) as seen in Table 6. Table 6: Poor Air Quality Likelihood Scores Impact Area Acute Event (Screened in hazards) Likelihood Past (baseline) [1971-2000] Likelihood 2050s [2041-2070] Likelihood 2070s [2071-2100] Poor Air Quality Wildfire Smoke and Ground Ozone Level 3 5 5 3.5 Rainwater Flooding Maple Ridge already experiences pluvial flooding which is expected to become more likely in future years. The short-duration rainfall intensity expected during a 100-year return level of a 1-hour storm is expected to increase by 20% in the 2050s and by 37% in the 2070s. Annual max. 1-day precipitation is also expected to increase, rising by 10% in the 2050s and by 17% in the 2070s. Because rainfall intensity is expected to steadily increase in future periods, the likelihood of rainwater flooding was assigned a score of four in the 2050s and 5 in the 2070s (see Table 7). Table 7: Rainwater Flooding Likelihood Scores Impact Area Acute Event (Screened in hazards) Likelihood Past (baseline) [1971-2000] Likelihood 2050s [2041-2070] Likelihood 2070s [2071-2100] Rainwater Flooding Pluvial (Urban Stormwater) Flooding 3 4 5 3.6 River Flooding & Erosion Maple Ridge has an extensive network of rivers, creeks, and lakes including the Fraser River along the south, the Stave River to the east and the North and South Alouette Rivers running west to east from the Pitt River. The risk of flooding from these rivers is expected to increase due to climate change. 1-in-500 year maximum Fraser River discharge is expected to increase by 21% in the 2050s and by 45% in the 2070s. 1-in-500 year peak river water levels are also expected to increase, rising by 8% in the 2050s and by 14% in the 2070s. Additionally, cold season runoff is expected to increase by 31% in the 2050s and by 71% in the 2070s. North-Western areas of Maple Ridge, areas surrounding the Alouette River, and the Albion Industrial and Albion Flats areas are most likely to affected by riverine flooding based on the mapping results from this project. Due to the expected increases in river flooding in Maple Ridge, likelihood scores of four in the 2050s and five in the 2070s were assigned (as seen in Table 8). Page 33 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 12 of 24 Table 8: River Flooding & Erosion Likelihood Scores Impact Area Acute Event (Screened in hazards) Likelihood Past (baseline) [1971-2000] Likelihood 2050s [2041-2070] Likelihood 2070s [2071-2100] River Flooding & Erosion River Flooding & Erosion 1 4 5 3.7 Coastal Flooding & Erosion Maple ridge is bordered by the Fraser River to the South, meaning it will likely experience the impacts of rising sea level rise through increased water levels in the Fraser River. These increased water levels would increase the risk of coastal flooding in Maple Ridge. The contribution of sea level rise to Fraser River flood levels is expected to increase by 11-28% in the 2050s and by 41-57% in the 2070s. Maple Ridge is however further from the coast, so the impacts of sea level rise on the river will be less than at the coast. The coastal flood mapping conducted for this project suggests that areas of North-Western Maple Ridge, surrounding the North and South Alouette Rivers are most likely to be affected by coastal flooding. Based on the expected increase in Fraser River flood levels and the mapping results, likelihood scores of three in the 2050s and four in the 2070s were assigned as seen in Table 9. Table 9: Coastal Flooding & Erosion Likelihood Scores Impact Area Acute Event (Screened in hazards) Likelihood Past (baseline) [1971-2000] Likelihood 2050s [2041-2070] Likelihood 2070s [2071-2100] Coastal Flooding & Erosion Coastal Flooding & Erosion 1 3 4 3.8 Extreme Wind & Storms Maple Ridge has experienced occasional extreme wind and storm events, which are expected to become more severe in future years due to climate change. 10-year return period max. hourly wind pressure is expected to increase from 0.32kPa in the past to 0.33kPa (+3%) in the 2050s and to 0.35kPa (+9%) in the 2070s. 50-year return period max. hourly wind pressure is expected to increase from 0.41kPa to 0.42kPa (+2%) in the 2050s and to 0.45kPa (+10%) in the 2070s. Hourly wind gusts are expected to increase from 6 hours in the past to 8 hours (+33%) in the 2050s and to 11 hours (+83%) in the 2070s. Due to these expected worsening extreme wind and storm conditions, likelihood scores of two in the 2050s and three in the 2070s were assigned as seen in Table 10. Page 34 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 13 of 24 Table 10: Extreme Wind & Storms Likelihood Scores Impact Area Acute Event (Screened in hazards) Likelihood Past (baseline) [1971-2000] Likelihood 2050s [2041-2070] Likelihood 2070s [2071-2100] Extreme Wind & Storms Windstorm 1 2 3 3.9 Changing Ice & Snow Warming winter temperatures are expected to cause more rain on snow events in the Lower Mainland, leading to heavier loads on buildings in the short-term, however the overall likelihood of winter storms will decrease by the mid-term (2050s) and long-term (2070s). Annual precipitation as snow is expected to decrease by 40% in future years. Freeze-thaw cycles are also expected to decrease, falling from 36 days in the past to 8 days in the 2050s and to 5 days in the 2070s. Accompanying the projected decrease in annual precipitation as snow, 50-year return period max. snow load is expected to decrease by 53% in the 2050s and by 70% in the 2070s and 50-year return period max. rain-on-snow load is expected to decrease by 25% in the 2050s and by 43% in the 2070s. Because changing ice and snow conditions are expected to improve in the mid- and long-term (2050s and 2070s), likelihood scores of two in the 2050s and one in the 2070s were assigned (see Table 11). Table 11: Changing Ice & Snow Likelihood Scores Impact Area Acute Event (Screened in hazards) Likelihood Past (baseline) [1971-2000] Likelihood 2050s [2041-2070] Likelihood 2070s [2071-2100] Changing Ice & Snow Freeze-Thaw Cycles, and Snowstorms 3 2 1 Page 35 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 14 of 24 4 Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Results This section presents the key findings from the climate risk and vulnerability assessment for each of the three sectors considered: economic, social & cultural, and environment. The full climate risk and vulnerability assessment and summary table are available in Appendix B. 4.1 Economic The economic sector focused on physical assets and infrastructure in Maple Ridge (municipal, private, third part) in addition to business and economic productivity. The following specific elements were included in the climate risk and vulnerability assessment: • Municipal buildings • Water, Wastewater, Sewers • Roads and Bridges • Parks and Sports Fields • Land Use and Growth Management • Third Party Regional Infrastructure • Private Property • Business Losses Table 12 presents a summary of the climate risk and vulnerability assessment results for the elements considered under the economic sector. Table 12: Economic Sector Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Summary Heat Drought Wildfire Air Quality Rainwater Flooding River Flooding Coastal Flooding Wind & Storms Ice & Snow 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 Municipal Buildings Water, Wastewater, Sewers Roads and Bridges Parks and Sports Fields Land Use and Growth Management Third Party Regional Infrastructure Private Property Business Losses Page 36 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 15 of 24 As seen in this table, wildfire, river flooding, and warming climate & extreme heat are expected to have the most significant impacts (extreme) on the economic elements assessed. The expected impacts due to these hazards relate primarily to direct damage to assets and infrastructure such as buildings (private, municipal, and commercial), agricultural assets such as crops, equipment, livestock, and other linear infrastructure including power lines, rail lines, and pipelines. Assets and buildings in forested areas such as Allco and Silver Valley, Kanaka business park, Ruskin Industrial, or in proximity to the North and South Alouette Rivers were identified as being particularly vulnerable to these impacts. Unsafe or uncomfortable conditions in homes due to warming climate and extreme heat is also expected to be an extreme impact to address. Homes across Town Centre, Hammond, West Maple Ridge, and Central Maple Ridge were identified as particularly vulnerable based on mapping results. Municipal buildings, third party regional infrastructure, private property, and businesses were expected to be most impacted by changing climate conditions in future years. Key impacts of concern to these elements include direct damage to buildings and other assets, essential service disruptions such as power and telecommunication outages, blocked transportation routes, and business losses due to unsafe working conditions, reduced staff or patron access, and temporary closures. Maple Ridge has many existing strategies to address the wildfire-related extreme risks to economic elements that are outlined in the Wildfire Protection Plan16. To summarize, these strategies include: • Reviewing existing bylaws and codes to mandate fire resistant building materials and landscaping on public and private property in areas of high wildfire risk. • Recommending measures for buildings such as the use of ignition-resistant or non-combustible materials for exterior cladding. • Considering the development of utility right-of-way best management practices for clearing vegetation and debris to reduce fire risk and subsequent power outages. • Implementing a 10m setback requirement for homes adjacent to the forest edge. • Introducing a long-term replacement standard to reduce the vulnerability of the community in areas of historic development. • Mandating the use of fire-resistant construction materials and specifying vegetation setbacks around critical infrastructure. In addition, to address the identified high and medium impacts to economic elements, Maple Ridge has a variety of other existing measures in place. These measures include developing a Sports Field Supply Study, taking a multi-barrier approach to the operation and maintenance of water systems, implementing a Heat Stress Program, taking measures to reduce water consumption, defining tree planning and landscaping requirements, identifying new roadway connections, participating in regular meetings with Metro Vancouver regarding water and wastewater services, and developing models of City-wide sanitary sewers and drainage. Despite these many existing strategies, there are still areas for improvement. Specifically, measures related to improving the resilience of infrastructure to the impacts of warming climate & extreme heat and poor air quality, and measures to protect regional infrastructure, commercial businesses, and private property from the impacts of flooding (rainwater, river, and coastal). 4.2 Social & Cultural The social and cultural sector focused on assessing the impacts of climate change on people. The following specific elements were included in the climate risk and vulnerability assessment: • Mental and physical health • Cultural practices and traditional foods 16 B.A. Blackwell & Associates Ltd. (2019). City of Maple Ridge Community Wildfire Protection Plan Update 2019 Page 37 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 16 of 24 • Impacts to wellbeing The assessment results for the social & cultural elements considered are summarized in Table 13. Table 13: Social & Cultural Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Summary Heat Drought Wildfire Air Quality Rainwater Flooding River Flooding Coastal Flooding Wind & Storms Ice & Snow 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 Mental and Physical Health Cultural Practices & Traditional Foods Impacts to Wellbeing Overall, impacts to mental and physical health were expected to be the most severe across all hazards. These impacts include increased heat-related illness and death, increased anxiety, negative mental health impacts, increased respiratory challenges, and injury due to unsafe travelling conditions. Older adults, young children, people with chronic health issues, people living alone, unhoused people, outdoor workers, and people with disabilities were identified as a few particularly vulnerable populations to these impacts. In addition, Webster Corners, Ruskin, and Town Centre were identified as having the highest demographic vulnerability to extreme heat based on mapping results. High and extreme impacts were also expected to cultural practices and traditional foods. These impacts relate primarily to damage to cultural artifacts, sites, buildings, and foods, and the inability to perform traditional practices due to unsafe conditions. In particular, cultural sites in forested areas or in proximity to the North and South Alouette Rivers were identified to be vulnerable to these impacts. Existing strategies to address these areas of highest impact across Maple Ridge include: • Planning improvements to transportation routes and services including establishing a Major Transit Network to improve access to public transit and increasing transit density in residential areas like eastern Maple Ridge (Strategic Transportation Plan17). • Providing guidance to residents on preparing for and managing extreme heat and flood events, including having a list of air-conditioned facilities and providing at-home instructions for heat management and flood preparedness. • Planning repairs to Hammond Outdoor Pool to sustain its use for the short-term and provide the community with an additional space to cool off. • Using the Voyent Alert quick notification system. While these existing strategies provide a starting point for addressing social & cultural climate impacts, additional measures should be implemented to address the many extreme impacts across this sector. Specifically, measures related to addressing the physical and mental health impacts associated with climate hazards. Additional measures to protect cultural practices and traditional foods should also be developed as there were 17 Urban Systems. (2023). City of Maple Ridge Strategic Transportation Plan. Page 38 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 17 of 24 not many existing strategies identified and the impacts are expected to be high and extreme across almost all climate hazards. 4.3 Environment The environment sector focused on assessing the potential impacts of climate change hazards on Maple Ridge’s rich natural environment, specifically: • Natural assets • Trails and forested areas • Ecological systems and sensitive habitat Table 14 presents a summary of the climate risk and vulnerability assessment results for the elements considered under the environment sector. Table 14: Environment Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Summary Heat Drought Wildfire Air Quality Rainwater Flooding River Flooding Coastal Flooding Wind & Storms Ice & Snow 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 2050 2070 Natural Assets Trails & Forested Areas Ecological Systems & Sensitive Habitat As seen in Table 14, wildfire and river flooding pose extreme risks to the natural environment in Maple Ridge across elements. The impacts of these hazards include direct damage to natural environments such as damage to trees and forest vegetation, reduced watershed and riparian forest cover, destruction of habitats, increased erosion of river shorelines, and loss of species. Some areas particularly vulnerable to these impacts include Golden Ears Park, Malcolm Knapp Research Forest, and ecosystems and habitats along the North and South Alouette Rivers and Kanaka Creek. Overall, the elements considered were expected to be highly impacted by climate hazards across the board. In addition to wildfire and river flooding, extreme heat, drought, rainwater flooding, and coastal flooding are expected to have major impacts by the 2070s. Some of these impacts include increased loss of vegetation and trees due to heat or drought stress, reduced soil quality, damage to critical habitats, and increased risk of landslide. Maple Ridge has many existing strategies in place to protect and enhance its natural systems, including: • Identifying opportunities to develop City owned lands to increase park supply (Parks, Recreation and Culture Master Plan18). 18 Maple Ridge. (2023). City of Maple Ridge Parks, Recreation and Culture Master Plan. Page 39 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 18 of 24 • Developing a set of action areas surrounding green infrastructure, including creating an inventory of the City’s natural assets, supporting green development and neighbourhoods, establishing green scaping standards, and building awareness within the City (Green Infrastructure Management Strategy19). • Setting targets to increase canopy cover from 38% to 40% by 2045 (Urban Forest Management Strategy20). • Defining three strategies to protect and expand the urban forest: update and enforce bylaws, policies and guidelines, protect and restore forest lands, and plant and expand the urban forest (Urban Forest Management Strategy20). • Identifying priority areas with low park and tree equity to address (Urban Forest Management Strategy20). • Identifying policies to improve environmental management, including participating in protection programs, incorporating regulations, designating conservation areas, mitigating potential habitat impacts, and protecting watercourses (Urban Forest Management Strategy20). • Developing landscaping standard which lists flammable non-compliant vegetation and landscaping materials, and provides alternative substitutes that are wildfire, drought, and pest resistant (Wildfire Protection Plan21). • Considering creating a Trails Master Plan detailing trail locations, widths, and maintenance activities to decrease wildfire risk (Wildfire Protection Plan21). • Identifying policies to protect and enhance ecosystems, sensitive areas and other natural features including requiring impact assessments in certain areas, limiting activities that contribute to soil erosion, and encouraging the use of native plants and nature scaping (OCP Chapter 522). • Identifying policies to protect and enhance water resources, including continuing to apply adaptive protection measures and the guidelines and protecting significant municipal watercourses (OCP Chapter 522). • Developing a Recreation Trails Strategy to explore trail specific needs and strategies and establishing a Trails Committee (Parks, Recreation and Culture Master Plan18). These strategies lay a strong foundation for addressing climate-related impacts to the environment in Maple Ridge that can be further built in the coming years. In addition, measures related to air quality impacts could be developed or incorporated into other plans as there were limited existing strategies identified for this hazard. 4.4 Overall Results Summary Table 15 summarizes the average risk across sectors in both the 2050s and 2070s, highlights the most at-risk elements and which hazards they are most at-risk to, and identifies key vulnerabilities. The average risk rating across all sectors was high in both the 2050s and 2070s, meaning there are climate hazards and vulnerabilities to address across all sectors. The full climate risk and vulnerability assessment and summary table are available in Appendix B. 19 Maple Ridge. (2021). City of Maple Ridge Green Infrastructure Management Strategy. 20 Maple Ridge (2024). Urban Forest Management Plan 21 B.A. Blackwell & Associates Ltd. (2019). City of Maple Ridge Community Wildfire Protection Plan Update 2019 22 Maple Ridge. (2014). Official Community Plan of the District of Maple Ridge. Page 40 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 19 of 24 Table 15: Overall Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Summary Sector Average Risk 2050s Average Risk 2070s Most At-Risk Elements Key Vulnerabilities Economic High Risk (10.6) High Risk (12.2) • Third party regional infrastructure (heat, wildfire, river flooding) • Private property (heat, wildfire, river flooding) • Municipal buildings (wildfire, river flooding) • Water/Wastewater/Sewers (wildfire, rainwater and river flooding) • Business losses & employment disruption in key sectors (wildfire, rainwater, river, and coastal flooding) • Assets and buildings in forested areas such as Allco and Silver Valley, Kanaka business park, Ruskin Industrial, or in proximity to the North and South Alouette Rivers • Homes across Town Centre, Hammond, West Maple Ridge, and Central Maple Ridge Social & Cultural High Risk (12.0) High Risk (13.1) • Mental and physical health (heat, wildfire, poor air quality, rainwater and river flooding) • Cultural practices and traditional foods (wildfire, rainwater and river flooding) • Older adults, young children, people with chronic health issues, people living alone, unhoused people, outdoor workers, and people with disabilities • Cultural sites in forested areas or in proximity to the North and South Alouette Rivers • Webster Corners, Ruskin, and Town Centre Environment High Risk (11.8) High Risk (13.3) • Natural assets (wildfire, river flooding) • Trails and forested areas (wildfire, river flooding) • Ecological systems and sensitive habitat (wildfire, river flooding) • Golden Ears Park • Malcolm Knapp Research Forest, • Ecosystems and habitats along the North and South Alouette Rivers and Kanaka Creek Page 41 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 20 of 24 5 Conclusion Overall, the climate risk and vulnerability assessment highlighted key hazards and elements of focus to inform the development of Maple Ridge’s Climate Action Plan. Wildfire and river flooding were expected to have extreme impacts to elements across all three sectors considered (economic, social & cultural, environment). Some of these potential impacts include major damage to municipal, third party, and private property, loss of habitat and important species, and increased physical and mental health challenges. Warming climate and extreme heat was also expected to have extreme impacts in Maple Ridge, particularly to physical and mental health, third party infrastructure, and private property. Increased heat-related illness, death, and overheating in buildings were impacts of particular concern due to warming climate and extreme heat. In addition to these expected extreme impacts, many other hazards, including rainwater flooding, coastal flooding, air quality, and wind & storms pose high risks to Maple Ridge across sectors that should also be considered moving forward. Maple Ridge has many existing strategies and plans in place to help address some of the climate hazards and impacts identified. In particular, there are many strategies that help protect and enhance the environment (natural assets, trails and forested areas, and ecological systems and sensitive habitat) such as the Urban Forest Management Strategy, the Green Infrastructure Management Strategy, the Wildfire Protection Plan, the Parks, Recreation and Culture Master Plan, and the Official Community Plan. Other strategies and plans are in-place to protect elements in the economic and social & cultural sectors as well; however, further support is needed for these sectors. Overall, Maple Ridge is in a good position to leverage their existing work to build resilience to climate hazards across the City. The key takeaways from the climate risk and vulnerability assessment and existing strategies identified will directly inform the action planning portion of this project. Actions will focus on prioritizing the highest risks identified, while building on existing work being done in Maple Ridge. This approach will allow the City to focus its resilience planning on the areas that need the most support. The next steps for the project involve synthesizing the findings from the various components of the project, including the land use forecasting, the multi-hazard and extreme temperature mapping, the GHG inventory, the emissions reduction modelling, and the climate risk and vulnerability assessment to develop a low-carbon resilience climate action plan for the City of Maple Ridge. Page 42 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 21 of 24 Appendix A: Assessment Scoring Criteria The following matrix was used for likelihood scoring. Page 43 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 22 of 24 The following matrix was used for consequence scoring. The following matrix was used to translate risk scores into risk classifications. Very Low (1)Low (2)Medium (3)High (4)Very High (5) Human Health and Safety May cause human injury, death, sickness, or prevents access to health care, social or emergency services. Little to no impact on health and safety Minor impacts to health and safety for a small number of people (e.g. minor injury, temporary discomfort or illness, temporary reduced access to safe space or medical care) Moderate impacts to health and safety for a small portion (5% or less) of the population (e.g. significant injury, significant or prolonged discomfort or reduced access to a safe space or medical care) Moderate impacts to health and safety for a notable portion of the population (e.g. 5 - 20%) (e.g. significant injury, significant or prolonged discomfort or reduced access to a safe space or medical care) Significant impacts to health and safety for an large portion of the population (21%+) or catastrophic impacts and death to any members of the community Damage to Assets or Property May cause damage to private property, structures, or physical or natural infrastructure (e.g. buildings, road systems, water distribution, wetlands, electricity distribution, etc.), causing costs for repair or replacement. Little to no damage to built assets, equipment is replaceable easily and without significant expense Some building components or systems are damaged and require minor repairs Building or systems are damaged and may require replacement but the cost is considered reasonable for repair or replacement (e.g. less than 10% of the value of the asset) Building or systems are damaged and require costly repairs or replacement Significant damage to built assets, building or systems will require a complete replacement or rebuild at significant expense Critical Service Disruption May cause an interruption or temporary failure of critical community services, such as drinking water, emergency response, transportation, electricity, telecommunications, supply chains, etc. Reduced level of service for community services (e.g. power, water, waste collection, social services) Minor or temporary disruption to community services (<1 hour) Moderate but temporary disruption to critical services affecting people's daily lives (e.g. request to conserve water, power brownout or outage) Significant but temporary disruption to community services causing business closure for less than 1 day. Significant and prolonged disruption of critical community services such as power or water supply, causing business closure or unsafe conditions in homes from a day or longer. Environmental Damage May cause temporary or permanent damage to natural habitats, air quality or water sources (e.g. due to contamination or debris). Minor disruption to natural habitat; natural systems will quickly recover. Moderate disruption to natural habitat; natural systems will recover overtime Gradual but lasting change to environmental habitat causing gradual species change Significant but short term disruption to natural habitat causing species death and die- back. Potential damage to functionality of natural assets and costs for repair and replacement. Significant and longer term disruption to natural habitat with the potential for species decline and change. Consequence ScaleCriteria Risk Score Very Low Risk 1 - 2 Low Risk 3 - 6 Medium Risk 5 - 10 High Risk 10 - 16 Extreme Risk 17 - 25 Risk Classification Requires significant attention: high Not acceptable: significant controls Recommended Risk Treatment Tolerable: risks do not require further Monitor: controls may not be required Requires some attention: some control Page 44 of 63 Low Carbon Resilience Climate Action Plan | Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Memorandum Page 23 of 24 Appendix B: Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment and Summary Table Page 45 of 63 RISK SUMMARY DASHBOARD Sector Systems Past 2050s 2070s Past 2050s 2070s Past 2050s 2070s Past 2050s 2070s Past 2050s 2070s Past 2050s 2070s Past 2050s 2070s Past 2050s 2070s Past 2050s 2070s Municipal Buildings Medium High High Very Low Low Low High Extreme Extreme Medium High High Medium High High Low High Extreme Low High High Low Medium Medium Low Very Low Very Low Water/Wastewater/Sewers Low Medium Medium Medium Medium High Medium High High Low Medium Medium Medium High High Low High High Very Low Medium Medium Low Medium Medium Medium Low Very Low Roads and Bridges Medium Medium Medium Very Low Low Low Medium High High Low Low Low Medium High High Low High High Low Medium High Low Medium Medium Low Very Low Very Low Parks and Sports Fields Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium High Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Low High High Low Medium High Very Low Low Medium Medium Low Very Low Land Use and Growth Management Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium High Medium High High Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Very Low Medium Medium Very Low Medium Medium Low Medium Medium Low Very Low Very Low Third Party Regional Infrastructure (power, telecom, transportation, institutional, railway, contaminated sites)High Extreme Extreme Medium Medium High High Extreme Extreme Medium Medium Medium Medium High High Low High Extreme Low High High Low Medium High Medium Medium Low Private property (Part 9 & Part 3 residential, social housing)High Extreme Extreme Low Medium Medium High Extreme Extreme Medium High High Medium High High Low High Extreme Low High High Low Medium High Medium Low Very Low Business losses & employment disruption in key sectors (e.g. agriculture, industrial, commercial)Medium High High Medium Medium High High Extreme Extreme Medium High High High High Extreme Low Extreme Extreme Low High Extreme Low Medium High Medium Low Very Low Mental & physical health High Extreme Extreme Low Medium Medium High Extreme Extreme High Extreme Extreme High High Extreme Low High Extreme Low High High Low Medium High Medium Medium Low Cultural practices & traditional foods Medium High High Medium Medium High High Extreme Extreme Medium High High High High Extreme Low High Extreme Low High High Low Medium High Medium Low Very Low Impacts to wellbeing (social, recreation, etc.)Medium Medium Medium Low Medium Medium Medium High High Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Very Low Medium Medium Very Low Medium Medium Very Low Low Medium Medium Low Very Low Natural assets (wetlands, vegetated banks, watercourses, urban canopy)Medium High High Medium Medium High High Extreme Extreme Medium High High Medium High High Low High Extreme Low High High Low Medium Medium Medium Medium Low Trails & forested areas Medium High High Medium Medium High High Extreme Extreme Medium Medium Medium Medium High High Low High Extreme Low High High Very Low Low Medium Medium Medium Low Ecological systems & sensitive habitat Medium High High Medium Medium High High Extreme Extreme Medium Medium Medium Medium High High Low High Extreme Low High High Very Low Low Medium Medium Medium Low River Flooding & Erosion Extreme Wind & Storms Changing Ice & Snow Economic Social & Cultural Environment Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Drought & Water Shortage Wildfire Poor Air Quality Rainwater Flooding Coastal Flooding & Erosion Page 46 of 63 DRAFT RISK ASSESSMENT - MAPLE RIDGE CLIMATE ACTION PLAN 2024 Resilience StrategiesUniq Climate Hazard Sector Element/ Asset Impact Statement Key Vulnerable Groups/Assets/Locations Key Strengths & Opportunities (from Engagement)Past Experience/Impacts -Past 2050s 2070s -Consequence Score Category Rationale -Existing Strategy Extre me Heat: Cri Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Economic Municipal Buildings Increased overheating and uncomfortable or unsafe conditions in public facilities or staff spaces without air conditioning. Increased load on HVAC and building power systems could cause localized power outage or cooling system failure. Damage to building envelopes and mechanical systems causing increasing maintenance, repair, or replacement costs and increasing chance of system failures - Municipal buildings without air conditioning- Older municipal buildings- Municipal buildings without access to backup power- Municipal buildings in Town Centre, Hammond, and areas of West Maple Ridge as these areas were identified as having the highest surface temperatures during the 2021 heat dome (mapping results)- Town Centre has a high concentration of buildings with high vulnerability index (mapping results)- Hammond between Golden Ears Wy, 113b Ave, and Hammond Rd contains a particularly high concentration of high vulnerability buildings (mapping results)- Albion Industrial has many high vulnerability buildings (mapping) 3 5 5 3 Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property High temperatures in municipal buildings can lead to moderate impacts to health and safety for municipal staff, with higher discomfort for staff or public with pre-existing heat sensitivities. Building envelope or mechanical systems may require replacement or repairs, depending on the existing system. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk (Water) Increased difficulty managing water quality leading to boil water advisories in extreme cases Likelihood scores decreased to indicate lower likelihood of this event happening. - Water distribution systems- Coquitlam Lake Treatment Plant (managed by Metro Vancouver)- Coquitlam Lake- Well Drinking Water Systems (Whonnock Lake Park, Fire Hall No. 2) 1 3 3 3 Critical Service Disruption Increased difficulty managing water quality could lead to a water quality advisory requiring water use reductions or boil advisories. Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk - Maple Ridge take a multi-barrier approach to the operation & maintenance of the water distribution system which includes water main flushing, resdervoir cleaning, a cross-connection control program, system monitoring, and re-chlorination (Drinking Water Quality Report 2023)- The City of Maple Ridge has two clean and secure Bulk Water Fill Stations at Jackson Road and 101 Avenue, and 13160 Lilley Drive (MR website) (Stormwater) Reduced infiltration potential due to die-back of vegetation in parks, boulevards, and green infrastructure. Reduced dissolved oxygen in water columns and increased aesthetic problems due to eutrophication in stormwater ponds - Green stormwater infrastructure (e.g. stormwater ponds, rain gardens, boulevards, urban trees, fields and parks)3 5 5 2 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Eutrophication is more of an aesthetic issue and inconvenience. Vegetation die-back could damage stormwater assets and may increase risk of localized flooding. Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk (Wastewater) Increased odour and corrosion (ferrous/concrete assets only) of wastewater systems causing damage to systems - Aging or sewers in poor condition managed by MR 3 5 5 2 Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property Corrosion of wastewater systems could require minor repairs.Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Economic Roads and Bridges Increased cracking and damage to asphalt road surfaces due to thermal expansion - Road surfaces exposed to higher temperatures and direct sunlight- Older roads- Critical emergency routes & arterial roads 3 5 5 2 Damage to Assets or Property Roads may require minor repairs.Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Economic Parks and Sports Fields Depending on park, increased use as an escape from hot indoor environments (causing crowding and waste) or decreased use because park becomes too hot for recreational activity. Increased heat stress or die-back of native vegetation, potentially exacerbated by water restrictions from drought. Increased insect infestation (new invasive pests such as Japanese Beetle, chafer beetle, Hemlock looper moth, etc.) - Parks and sports fields with limited tree canopy, exposed to prolonged direct sunlight and high temperatures- Parks and sports fields in areas with high land surface temperatures during the 2021 heat dome (e.g., Karina LeBlanc Synthetic Field, Westview Park, Reg Franklin Park, Haney Nokai Park, Hammond Baseball Field, Larry Walker Field) 3 5 5 2 Environmental Damage, Damage to Assets or Property Lawns in parks and natural playing fields could die. Park natural areas could see vegetation dieback and/or mortality. Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk - Maple Ridge to work with the City of Pitt Meadows in the medium term (3-5 years) to develop a Ridge-Meadows Sports Field Supply Study (Parks Recreation and Culture Master Plan) Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Economic Land Use and Growth Management Increased development could increase urban heat island effect unless more land (on site, neighbourhood) is allocated for greenspace/landscaping - Urban areas (Town Centre, West Maple Ridge, Central Maple Ridge, Hammond)- Development areas with limited canopy coverage and/or farther from waterbodies- Areas of planned urban development (e.g., Town Centre, Hammond, Albion, and Silver Valley) (OCP) 3 5 5 2 Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property Increased heat island effect could increase minor health impacts to people and increase degradation of buildings and other infrastructure Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk Extreme H Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Economic Third Party Regional Infrastructure (power, telecom, transportation, institutional, railway, Damage to rail lines, power lines, and telecommunication lines affecting transportation, business productivity, and supply chains. Increased community energy demand could lead to grid brownouts if not enough power is available. Inability of public transportation networks to support people who are most vulnerable in accessing cooling centres or medical services - Power infrastructure and systems- Public transportation networks, especially buses used as shuttles during extreme events and/or handydart- Systems without access to backup power sources - Limited access and reliability of transportation during extreme heat events, particularly for vulnerable groups (survey)3 5 5 4 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Power outage. High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk Ex treme Heat: Cr Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Economic Private property (Part 9 & Part 3 residential, social housing) Unsafe or uncomfortable conditions in homes without air conditioning or with poor air flow (homes in high-rise buildings are particularly at risk). Increased electricity bills in homes with AC. Increased die-back of shade trees, hedges and lawns, causing mental health impacts and costs for replacement/repair. - Older homes - Homes, lawns, and gardens in areas of low tree canopy cover more exposed to direct sunlight- Homes without sufficient cooling systems or access to backup power- Homes in Town Centre, Hammond, and areas of West Maple Ridge as these areas were identified as having the highest surface temperatures during the 2021 heat dome (mapping results)- Town Centre, Hammond, West Maple Ridge, and Central Maple Ridge contain many high vulnerability index residential buildings (mapping results) - Air conditioning in homes - Emergency kits prepared at home- Cooling centres (library on Dewdney Trunk, and Haney Place Mall, theatres)- Access to community health and support services- Heat pumps in homes - Residents experienced higher hydro bills due to increased cooling demand (survey)- AC units in homes are unable to keep up with sustained high temperatures (survey)- Cost of implementing measures was the #1barrier identified to people adapting to climate change or reducing emissions 3 5 5 4 Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property High temperatures in homes can lead to moderate to significant impacts to human health, including increased mortality. Damage to lawns and other vegetation may require increased maintenance or replacement. High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk Impacts Risk EvaluationLikelihoodConsequence Past 2070s Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Economic Water/Wastewater/Sewers 2050s Page 47 of 63 Extreme Heat: Crit Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Economic Business losses & employment disruption in key sectors (e.g. agriculture, industrial, commercial) Reduced staff (indoor and outdoor) productivity and reduced patronage for businesses with south-facing storefronts or without air conditioning. Potential increased operations and maintenance costs for businesses with or without AC. Increased business closures due to concerns for health and safety. Outdoor or frontline workers may be at higher risk of heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Increased loss of food at animal stables and food storage facilities. Increased loss of crops and livestock due to extreme heat affecting farmer livelihood and food supply - Agricultural sector (crops, livestock, outdoor workers) - Businesses and industrial facilities without adequate cooling- Businesses in Town Centre, Hammond, and areas of West Maple Ridge as these areas were identified as having the highest surface temperatures during the 2021 heat dome (mapping results)- Businesses in Hammond, Albion Industrial, and Town Centre as these areas had high concentrations of buildings with high vulnerability (mapping results) - Air conditioning in businesses - Concern regarding limited food availability due to reduced crop yield (survey)- Reduced productivity of farms due to effects on farm land and animals (survey)- Reduced worker productivity (unable to go into work, feeling unwell due to heat conditions) (survey)- Reduced ability to effectively work from home due to insufficient cooling at home (survey) 3 5 5 3 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Damage to agricultural assets may lead to supply-chain disruptions and require replacement or repair of crops or equipment. Some non-essential business services may be temporarily unavailable for worker health and safety reasons. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge implemented a Heat Stress Program to mitigate the effects of extreme temperatures on workers when performing tasks in the workplace Extr eme Heat: Critical In Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Social & Cultural Mental & physical health Increased physical and mental health impacts, including heat illnesses and death, due to sustained high indoor temperatures and barriers to accessing cooling centres. Increased aggressive behaviour, conflict and violence due to heat stress. Increased physical health impacts to family, friends and pets causing anxiety. Potential for power outages could affect health and safety, particularly for those medically dependant on power. - Older adults, young children, infants, pregnant individuals, people with limited mobility or chronic health issues, people with disabilities, people with heat sensitive conditions, people living alone, people medically dependent on power.- People in homes with insufficient cooling- Webster Corners, Ruskin, and Town Centre identified as neighbourhoods of highest demographic vulnerability (mapping results)- People residing in Town Centre, Hammond, areas of West Maple Ridge, and Areas of Central Maple Ridge as these areas have high concentrations of high overall vulnerability (mapping results)- More rural areas such as Ruskin, Whonnock, and Alouette had multiple (but more spread out) areas of high overall vulnerability (mapping results)- People residing in Town Centre, Hammond, and areas of West Maple Ridge as these areas were identified as having the highest surface temperatures during the 2021 heat dome (mapping results)- People residing in Town Centre, Hammond, West Maple Ridge, and Central Maple Ridge as these areas contain many high vulnerability index residential buildings (mapping results) - People experienced discomfort and physical impacts such as headaches, lethargy, and difficulty sleeping during the recent heat dome (survey)- People gathered in small areas within the home (cool areas) to try to cool down, resulting in uncomfortable living conditions (survey)- Need more cooling centres and support in general for vulnerable populations (e.g., unhoused, elderly) during heat events (survey)- Physical discomfort walking outdoors, particularly on sidewalks (survey) 3 5 5 5 Human Health and Safety Insufficient cooling and sustained high temperatures can have major impacts on human health and can increase mortality. High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk - Transport 2050 is establishing a Major Transit Network to improve access to public transit (Strategic Transportation Plan)- Maple Ridge has identified routes to build on Transport 2050, increasing transit density in residential areas such as eastern Maple Ridge (Strategic Transportation Plan)- Maple Ridge to undertake basic repairs to the Hammond Outdoor Pool to sustain use for the short term and determine its future based on the outcomes of the Aquatics Feasibility Study (Parks Recreation and Culture Master Plan)- Maple Ridge provides information and guidance to citizens regarding measures to manage extreme heat at home and a list of vulnerable populations (Emergency Preparedness)- Maple Ridge has a list of air-conditioned facilities and water parks on their website for residents- Voyent Alert quick notification system (Staff AC Input) Extreme Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Social & Cultural Cultural practices & traditional foods Reduced ability to perform culturally significant practices or access traditional plants for food, spiritual, or ceremonial purposes. Increased impacts on Traditional Teachings, Practices, and Language due to loss of plant and animal species, and hot conditions making it unsafe for Elders to share knowledge on the land - People who rely on spiritual practices- People who rely on nature-based food for spiritual or ceremonial activities 3 5 5 3 Human Health and Safety People may have temporary limited access to safe spaces or required materials for performing culturally significant practices. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk Extreme H Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Social & Cultural Impacts to wellbeing (social, recreation, etc.) Disruptions to outdoor and indoor recreational activities, community events, or gatherings impacting physical and mental health. Reduced social cohesion and community wellbeing due to increased social isolation as people avoid the outdoors and families temporarily relocating to cooler locations. - People participating in recreational activities- People relocating to seek cooler locations 3 5 5 2 Human Health and Safety People may have temporary limited access to recreational activities or social gatherings. Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk Ex treme Heat: Natur Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Environment Natural assets (wetlands, vegetated banks, watercourses, urban canopy) Damage and loss to urban forest and urban vegetation from extreme temperatures and drought leading to increased urban heat island effect. Increased evaporation rates reducing water levels in lakes, rivers, and reservoirs limiting access to water bodies and causing loss of vegetation and reduced water quality. - Hammond, Town Centre, and areas of West and Central Maple Ridge due to low tree canopy cover- Five priority areas with low park equity and tree equity were identified in the UFMS- Heat sensitive and non drought-resistant species - Undisturbed native forests have strong seed banks to take advantage of new forest openings - Hammond, Town Centre, West Maple Ridge, and Central Maple Ridge experienced the highest temperatures during the 2021 heat dome, and had the lowest tree canopy coverage (UFMS) 3 5 5 3 Environmental Damage Natural assets (urban forest, water bodies) may experience damage leading to loss of functionality, and changes to natural habitats over time. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge is identifying opportunities to develop City owned lands to increase park supply (Parks Recreation and Culture Master Plan)- Maple Ridge developed a set of action areas surrounding green infrastructure including creating an inventory of the City's natural assets, supporting green development and neighbourhoods, establishing green scaping standards, and building awareness within the City (Green Infrastructure Management Strategy)- Maple Ridge has set a target to increase its canopy cover from 38% to 40% by 2045 (UFMS)- Maple Ridge defined three strategies to protect and expand the urban forest: update and enforce bylaws, policies and guidelines, protect and restore forest lands, and plant and expand the urban forest (UFMS)- Maple Ridge identified priority areas with low park and tree equity to address (UFMS)Extreme Heat: N Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Environment Trails & forested areas Increased heat stress, decline in growth, leaf or needle drop, and mortality of certain tree species, particularly in low elevation native forests. Increased maintenance to clear dead vegetation for aesthetics and wildfire prevention. Increased frequency and severity of insect and disease outbreaks and improved establishment success of invasive plants causing species-specific tree mortality and decline in biodiversity - Maple, cherry, cedar, and katsura species are particularly susceptible to heat stress. 24% of Maple Ridge's tree inventory is red maple. (UFMS)- Damage to plant tissue can occur when temperatures exceed 30 degrees C in cold-adapted plants/trees- Urban trees due to limited soil volumes and heat island effect- Low elevation, native forests- Known forest health threats to Maple Ridge's forest area: Asian long-horned beetle, sooty bark disease, emerald ash borer, Lymantria moth, ramorum blight, white pine blister rust, English ivy, Himalayan blackberry, western hemlock looper moth, armillaria root disease, laminated root disease, annosus root disease, brittle cinder fungus (UFMS) - Wildlife habitat- Shade/temperature reduction- Stormwater management - Increased mortality of young and old trees, including species such as redcedar and western hemlock (UFSM)3 5 5 3 Environmental Damage Tree species may experience increased die-back leading to lasting changes over time.Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge identified policies to improve environmental management, including participating in protection programs, incorporating regulations, designating Conservation areas, mitigating potential habitat impacts, and protecting watercourses (UFMS) Extreme Hea Warming Climate & Extreme Heat Environment Ecological systems & sensitive habitat Increased stream water temperatures exceeding tolerable levels for fish and wildlife, increasing their vulnerability to disease and leading to increased death of fish and fewer salmon returning each year. Increased threat of extirpation for species unable to adapt to extreme heat events, particularly cold water fish species (e.g., salmon) and species which depend on aquatic habitats (e.g., wetlands). Increased changes in physical characteristics of waterbodies altering algal communities leading to trophic cascades, algal blooms and affecting water quality - Known forest health threats to Maple Ridge's forest area: Asian long-horned beetle, sooty bark disease, emerald ash borer, Lymantria moth, ramorum blight, white pine blister rust, English ivy, Himalayan blackberry, western hemlock looper moth, armillaria root disease, laminated root disease, annosus root disease, brittle cinder fungus (UFMS)- Salmonids and other cold water fish species - Wetlands and riparian areas are protected under the Watercourse Protection Bylaw. These protected riparian areas are able to help mitigate watercourse temperatures by providing shade - Increased stream temperatures impacting salmonoid species (survey)3 5 5 3 Environmental Damage Aquatic ecosystems may experience gradual, lasting changes leading to species change. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge identified policies to improve environmental management, including participating in protection programs, incorporating regulations, designating Conservation areas, mitigating potential habitat impacts, and protecting watercourses (UFMS) Page 48 of 63 Dr ought an Drought & Water Shortage Economic Municipal Buildings Drought could limit water use for municipal vehicle washing, surface and power washing, and irrigation of lawns and gardens - Municipal vehicles- Lawns gardens surrounding municipal buildings, particularly in areas with limited tree canopy 2 3 4 1 Damage to Assets or Property Municipal lawns or other landscaping may die. Surfaces and vehicles may be less aesthetically pleasing temporarily. Very Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk - Maple Ridge will participate in Regional, Provincial, and Federal programs aimed at reducing water consumption and will promote further initiatives that promote water conservation and wise consumption (OCP Chapter 5) (Water) Reduced availability of drinking water, resulting in water restrictions, limits on water use, or triggering the need to use alternative water supplies. Reduced water pressure for fire fighting. - Water sources (e.g., Coquitlam Lake)- Water distribution systems- Fire fighting - Increased issues with infrastructure if continual under capacity flows (Staff AC Input)- Increased odors (Staff AC Input)- Impacts to underground pipes and water systems (Staff AC Input) 2 3 4 3 Critical Service Disruption Severe and prolonged water restrictions could affect people's daily lives.Medium RiskMedium Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge will participate in Regional, Provincial, and Federal programs aimed at reducing water consumption and will promote further initiatives that promote water conservation and wise consumption (OCP Chapter 5)- Maple Ridge will promote the protection, maintenance, and restoration of groundwater quality outside the urban area as it is significant source of drinking water (OCP Chapter 5)- Maple Ridge will require an evaluation of groundwater flows for new development adjacent to areas reliant on well water (OCP Chapter 5)- Coquitlam Lake Water Supply Project is proposing to double Metro Vancouver's capacity to withdraw water from Coquitlam lake (Staff AC Input)- The City of Maple Ridge has two clean and secure Bulk Water Fill Stations at Jackson Road and 101 Avenue, and (Stormwater) Reduced infiltration capacity due to increased water repellent soils and die-back of green stormwater infrastructure reducing infiltration capacity - Green stormwater infrastructure (e.g. stormwater ponds, rain gardens, urban trees, fields and parks)2 3 4 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Vegetation die-back could damage stormwater assets, require cost for replacement, and may increase risk of localized flooding. Medium RiskMedium Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge developed a set of action areas surrounding green infrastructure including creating an inventory of the City's natural assets, supporting green development and neighbourhoods, establishing green scaping standards, and building awareness within the City (Green Infrastructure Management Strategy) Drought & Water Shortage Economic Roads and Bridges Reduced water availability for street sweeping and washing allowing for build up of debris, dust and pollutants - Dusty or dirty roads- Individuals with respiratory issues 2 3 4 1 Human Health and Safety Less street sweeping can increase build up of debris, dust and other pollutants which may impact individuals with respiratory issues Very Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk - Maple Ridge will participate in Regional, Provincial, and Federal programs aimed at reducing water consumption and will promote further initiatives that promote water conservation and wise consumption (OCP Chapter 5) Drought & Water Shortage Economic Parks and Sports Fields Increased drought stress to sensitive and important ecosystems within parks and natural areas. Increased irrigation requirements or instances of playing fields, lawns, and planted areas going dormant if watering is restricted - Parks and sports fields in areas with limited tree canopy, directly exposed to sunlight throughout the day - Parks and sports field reliant on irrigation- Parks and sports fields in areas with high land surface temperatures during the 2021 heat dome (e.g., Karina LeBlanc Synthetic Field, Westview Park, Reg Franklin Park, Haney Nokai Park, Hammond Baseball Field, Larry Walker Field) 2 3 4 3 Environmental Damage, Damage to Assets or Property Lawns in parks and natural playing fields could go dormant. Park natural areas could see vegetation dieback and/or mortality, with cost for replacement and mental health impacts in community. Medium RiskMedium Risk High Risk Drought & Water Shortage Economic Land Use and Growth Management Reduced area of viable agricultural land, leading to less local food production and reuse of land for other purposes. - Agricultural lands and crops 2 3 4 3 Damage to Assets or Property Agricultural areas could be limited, reducing agricultural productivity long term; with implications for regional food supply Medium RiskMedium Risk High Risk Drought & Water Shortage Economic Third Party Regional Infrastructure (power, telecom, transportation, institutional, Reduced hydro reservoir levels affecting power services.Reduced water availability for bus washing - Power services- Infrastructure without access to backup power- Bus fleets - Need improved transportation to cooling centres and other forms of support during extreme heat and other climate events 2 3 4 3 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Reduced hydro levels may lead to temporaty service disruptions.Medium RiskMedium Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge will participate in Regional, Provincial, and Federal programs aimed at reducing water consumption and will promote further initiatives that promote water conservation and wise consumption (OCP Chapter 5) Drought and Water S Drought & Water Shortage Economic Private property (Part 9 & Part 3 residential, social housing) Increased invasive species spread and die-back of shade trees, hedges, lawns, and vegetable gardens limiting access to healthy, affordable food, and affecting property aesthetics. - Properties with large lawns and gardens - Properties with many non drought-resistant vegetation- Properties with limited tree canopy coverage (e.g., in Town Centre, West Maple Ridge, Hammond) (mapping results) - Modified personal water usage- Rain water capture and reuse - Die off of vegetation and animal types that have thrived in the past haven't withstood the repeated droughts and heat dome (e.g., rhododendrons, Japanese maple tree) (survey) - Reduced wild animals across lawns and in gardens (e.g., coyote, raccoon, mole, owl, mice, slugs) (survey)- Reduced ability to water lawns and gardens during drought events (survey)- Aquifers appear to be drying up earlier and earlier each year. It is not sustainable for people to be using community water pumps and trucking water to their properties each year (survey)- Increasingly shallow wells (survey)- Lower pressure due to neighbourhoods having the same watering hours for lawns/gardens (survey) 2 3 4 2 Damage to Assets or Property Lawns and gardens may die-off requiring replacement or increased maintenance.Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk - Zoning bylaw defines tree planting related requirements for landscaping and screening purposes, including planting native, water-conserving species (UFMS)- Water meters are required for all new developments (Staff AC Input) Drought and Drought & Water Shortage Economic Business losses & employment disruption in key sectors (e.g. agriculture, industrial, commercial) Increased restrictions to water intensive businesses reducing productivity and potentially damaging facilities. Increased water restrictions to water-intensive industrial activities with the potential for stop work order and economic losses during restriction period. Reduced water availability for crops reducing crop yield. Increased disruptions to businesses reliant on salmon and other significant species. Reduced ability to use the Fraser River for transportation of goods. - Water intensive businesses such as golf courses and car washes- Water intensive industrial activities such as process water or dust suppression- Agricultural sector (e.g., reduced ability to irrigate crops, process goods, water animals, or access feed)- Businesses reliant on salmon or other significant species (Staff AC Input) 2 3 4 3 Critical Service Disruption Damage to agricultural assets may lead to supply-chain disruptions and require replacement or repair of crops or equipment. Some non-essential business services may be temporarily unavailable due to water restrictions. Medium RiskMedium Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge will participate in Regional, Provincial, and Federal programs aimed at reducing water consumption and will promote further initiatives that promote water conservation and wise consumption (OCP Chapter 5) Drough t a Drought & Water Shortage Social & Cultural Mental & physical health Increased stress and work hours for parks staff due to increased need for watering and green space maintenance. Increased mental health impacts due to growing concerns of water availability. - Parks staff- Homeowners with large lawns or gardens- Business owners in industries that rely on high water usage (e.g., food processing, forestry) - Reduced water availability impacting people's ability to do daily tasks (e.g., laundry, showering) (survey)2 3 4 2 Human Health and Safety Park staff may experience increased hours, increasing stress affecting mental health. People may experience increased stress or anxiety surrounding water availability. Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk Drought & Water Shortage Economic Water/Wastewater/Sewers Page 49 of 63 Drought an Drought & Water Shortage Social & Cultural Cultural practices & traditional foods Increased die off of vegetation and landscaping at cultural sites from drought and associated water restrictions which may impact aesthetics, ability to perform culturally significant processes, mental health and wellbeing, and access to traditional plants - Cultural sites containing non drought-resistant vegetation 2 3 4 3 Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property People may have reduced access to traditional plants for performing culturally significant practices. Vegetation and landscaping may experience increased die-off impacting site aesthetics, requiring additional maintenance, and impacting mental health. Medium RiskMedium Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge updated its Wildfire Protection Plan which included recommendations to develop a landscaping standard which lists flammable non-compliant vegetation and landscaping materials, and provides alternative substitutes that are wildfire, drought, and pest resistant (Wildfire Protection Plan) Drou ght Drought & Water Shortage Social & Cultural Impacts to wellbeing (social, recreation, etc.) Increased die off of vegetation and landscaping at recreational sites from drought and associated water restrictions which may impact aesthetics, mental health and wellbeing. - Non drought-resistant vegetation- Recreational sites with limited tree canopy coverage and many plants 2 3 4 2 Human Health and Safety Vegetation and landscaping may experience increased die-off impacting site aesthetics, requiring additional maintenance and impacting mental health. Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk - Maple Ridge updated its Wildfire Protection Plan which included recommendations to develop a landscaping standard which lists flammable non-compliant vegetation and landscaping materials, and provides alternative substitutes that are wildfire, drought, and pest resistant (Wildfire Protection Plan) Drought & Water Shortage Environment Natural assets (wetlands, vegetated banks, watercourses, urban canopy) Increased loss of trees and natural vegetation and decreased regeneration leading to increased wildfire risk and shoreline erosion - Shoreline non drought-resistant vegetation - Vegetated areas away from water sources and with lower water table- Trees and understory vegetation on the "edge" of their habitat - Maple Ridge trialled bioswales in Silver Valley to improve water access for boulevard trees 2 3 4 3 Environmental Damage Natural assets (urban forest, shoreline vegetation) may experience damage leading to loss of functionality, and changes to natural habitats over time. Medium RiskMedium Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge updated its Wildfire Protection Plan which included recommendations to develop a landscaping standard which lists flammable non-compliant vegetation and landscaping materials, and provides alternative substitutes that are wildfire, drought, and pest resistant (Wildfire Protection Plan)- Maple Ridge developed a set of action areas surrounding green infrastructure including creating an inventory of the City's natural assets, supporting green development and neighbourhoods, establishing green scaping standards, and building awareness within the City (Green Infrastructure Management Strategy) Drought a Drought & Water Shortage Environment Trails & forested areas Increased drought stress causing leaf or needle drop, and increased mortality of certain tree species (e.g., Western Red Cedar). Note however, that increased mortality of certain tree species can provide habitat for cavity nesting birds - Maple, cedar, dogwood, and katsura trees are particularly susceptible to drought conditions- Western red cedar are particularly vulnerable to changes in water availability- Climate suitability of many native tree species anticipated to be marginal, except in areas with more access to water (e.g., riparian areas) or a higher water table. See the Metro Vancouver list for marginally suitable species- Urban trees due to limited soil volumes 2 3 4 3 Environmental Damage Tree species may experience increased die-back leading to lasting changes over time.Medium RiskMedium Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance ecosystems, sensitive areas and other natural features including requiring impact assessments in certain areas, limiting activities that contribute to soil erosion, and encouraging the use of native plants and nature scaping (OCP Chapter 5) Drought Drought & Water Shortage Environment Ecological systems & sensitive habitat Increased low flows in streams leading to poor water quality, fish kills and fewer salmon returning each year, loss of riparian vegetation, and drying out of wetland habitat which could change microhabitat conditions. Increased lack of water sources could leave fauna vulnerable to predation due to their concentration and exposure around remaining water sources - Wetland fauna and flora- Shallow ponds and wetlands- BEC Zone and site series range shifts, particularly at the edge of their current extent 2 3 4 3 Environmental Damage Aquatic ecosystems may experience gradual, lasting changes leading to species change. Medium RiskMedium Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance ecosystems, sensitive areas and other natural features including requiring impact assessments in certain areas, limiting activities that contribute to soil erosion, and encouraging the use of native plants and nature scaping (UFMS)Drought an Wildfire Economic Municipal Buildings Damage or destruction of buildings close to forested areas. Repurposing of municipal buildings as evacuee facilities or emergency operation centres, disrupting municipal services - Municipal buildings in proximity to forested areas (e.g., in areas of Allco, Silver Valley, East Maple Ridge, and Yennadon) (mapping results)- Municipal staff 3 5 5 5 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Municipal buildings may be damaged or destroyed and require rebuilding at significant expense. Municipal buildings may be used as evacuation facilities, potentially reducing level of community services, or leading to minor disruptions in services. High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge reviewed existing bylaws and codes to mandate fire resistant building materials and landscaping on public and private property in areas of high wildfire risk (Wildfire Protection Plan)- Maple Ridge updated its Wildfire Protection Plan which included recommended measures for buildings such as the use of ignition-resistant or non-combustible materials for exterior cladding (Wildfire Protection Plan) (Water) Increased demand for water for fire fighting leading to local water restrictions. Drinking water contamination due to wildfire near reservoir. - Water-dependent activities and businesses- Community members subject to local water restrictions 3 5 5 3 Critical Service Disruption Severe and prolonged water restrictions could affect people's daily lives.Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge will participate in Regional, Provincial, and Federal programs aimed at reducing water consumption and will promote further initiatives that promote water conservation and wise consumption (OCP Chapter 5) (Stormwater) Damage to green stormwater infrastructure increasing repair costs and risk of flooding following a wildfire event - Green stormwater infrastructure (e.g. stormwater ponds, rain gardens, boulevards, urban trees, fields and parks)3 5 5 4 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Green stormwater infrastructure could be damaged, leading to surpassed stormwater system increasing the risk of localized flooding. High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge updated its Wildfire Protection Plan which included a recommendation to complete FireSmart assessments of water infrastructure (Wildfire Protection Plan) (Wastewater) Damage to above-ground water system assets inhibiting the movement of sewage to treatment facilities, leading to potential backups or overflows - Above ground wastewater system assets such as lift stations 3 5 5 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Damaged wastewater infrastructure could lead to backups of sewage, impacting private property. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge updated its Wildfire Protection Plan which included a recommendation to complete FireSmart assessments of water infrastructure (Wildfire Protection Plan) Wildfire Economic Roads and Bridges Damage to local roads or other regional transportation roads due to fire debris resulting in potential closures - Neighbourhoods with limited access roads (e.g., Silver Valley)- Emergency access roads and arterial roads in forested areas (e.g., 132 Ave, Fern Crescent, roads throughout western Maple Ridge)- People transporting goods and services 3 5 5 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Roads may be closed leading to moderate, temporary disruptions to transportation routes and requiring repair. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge identified new roadway connections to create network redundancy (Strategic Transportation Plan)- Maple Ridge improved access in isolated area of the community with inadequately developed access for evacuation and fire control (Wildfire Protection Plan) Wildfire Economic Parks and Sports Fields Increased fire risk due to dry conditions in parks in and around Maple Ridge, causing park closure, damage to park infrastructure and vegetation. Limited ability to safely visit parks. - Parks and sports fields in proximity to forested areas (e.g., Red Alder Park, Maple Ridge Park, Cottonwood North Park, Fairview Park, Westview Park, Westview Secondary School Field, Tolmie Park) (mapping results)- Parks and sports fields with increased dead vegetation that could fuel wildfires - Concern regarding damage to parks and other natural spaces in maple ridge due to wildfires and other climate events (survey)3 5 5 2 Damage to Assets or Property, Environmental Damage Parks or sports fields may be damaged or destroyed by wildfire, requiring repair or rebuilding of these areas. Outdoor park use could be limited due to wildfire conditions. Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk - Maple Ridge reviewed existing bylaws and codes to mandate fire resistant landscaping on public and private property in areas of high wildfire risk (Wildfire Protection Plan) - Maple Ridge updated its Wildfire Protection Plan which included recommendations to develop a landscaping standard which lists flammable non-compliant vegetation and landscaping materials, and provides alternative substitutes that are wildfire, drought, and pest resistant (Wildfire Protection Plan) Wildfire Economic Water/Wastewater/Sewers Page 50 of 63 Wildfire Economic Land Use and Growth Management Reduced areas for development due to proximity to areas with high potential for wildfire limiting development options and access to insurance - Highly forested areas being considered for new developments (e.g., Silver Valley is expected to be an area of residential growth) (OCP)- Large concentrations of net new units by 2050 are expected in or in close proximity to areas of high wildfire probability (in Northern Maple Ridge, close to Golden Ears Park and Malcolm Knapp Research Forest) that are far from fire halls (mapping results) 3 5 5 3 Damage to Assets or Property Potential development areas could be damaged or destroyed by wildfire, requiring changes to development plans. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge implemented a 10m setback requirement for homes adjacent to the forest edge (Wildfire Protection Plan)- Maple Ridge requires new subdivisions within identified high risk areas of the City to use roofing materials with a Class A and Class B fire resistance rating (Wildfire Protection Plan)- Maple Ridge will integrate risk mitigation measures in development permit areas, area planning, special area development policies (such as the Fraser River Escarpment) and environmental planning policies that address problems associated with forest fires, pest infestations, land slides, and flooding (OCP Chapter 5) Wildfire Economic Third Party Regional Infrastructure (power, telecom, transportation, institutional, Damage to power transmission and distribution lines, rail lines, pipelines, and other linear infrastructure, leading to disruptions in service. - Power and telecommunication infrastructure in proximity to forested areas with higher wildfire probability (e.g., in Allco, Silver Valley)- Gas service (gas shut-offs may occur if infrastructure is close to a fire) (Staff AC Input) 3 5 5 5 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Powerlines, telecommunication lines, or other infrastructure could be damaged or destroyed by wildfire, resulting in significant prolonged disruptions to community services High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge updated its Wildfire Protection Plan which included a recommendation to develop utility right-of-way best management practices for clearing of vegetation and debris and reduce first risk and subsequent power outages (Wildfire Protection Plan)Interface Wildfire: C Wildfire Economic Private property (Part 9 & Part 3 residential, social housing) Damage or destruction of homes. Increased delays to construction and renovation or increased demand on construction services - Homes in proximity to forested areas with higher wildfire probability (e.g., Allco, Silver Valley) (mapping results)- Older homes- Construction of new developments in forested areas (e.g., Silver Valley) - New landscaping is reviewed for compliance with FireSmart standards - Concern regarding old deadwood in forests close to homes increasing potential for home damage during a wildfire event (survey)3 5 5 5 Damage to Assets or Property Homes could be damaged or destroyed which can significantly impact people's livelihood and require rebuilding at significant expense High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge implemented a 10m setback requirement for homes adjacent to the forest edge (Wildfire Protection Plan)- Maple Ridge requires new subdivisions within identified high risk areas of the City to use roofing materials with a Class A and Class B fire resistance rating (Wildfire Protection Plan)- Maple ridge introduced a long-term replacement standard to reduce vulnerability of the community in areas of historic development (Wildfire Protection Plan)- Maple Ridge updated its Wildfire Protection Plan which included recommended measures to further protect private property such as mandating use of fire-resistant construction materials and specifying vegetation setbacks around critical infrastructure (Wildfire Protection Plan)- FireSmart can be used to help minimize risks on property for business and personal property (Staff AC Input) Interface Wi l Wildfire Economic Business losses & employment disruption in key sectors (e.g. agriculture, industrial, commercial) Reduced customer volumes or operation interruptions due to staff shortages or inability to procure products. Businesses or industrial operations could experience stop work orders due to severe property damage. Increased crop damage and livestock death during a wildfire. Disruptions to the film industry - Agricultural land surrounding Maple Ridge (largely in forested areas)- Local businesses in highly forested areas- Tourism sector- Kanaka business park, 256th industrial, ruskin industrial (Staff AC Input)- Film industry (Staff AC Input) 3 5 5 5 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Severe damage to or destruction of agricultural assets may lead to prolonged supply-chain disruptions and require replacement or repair of crops, livestock, or equipment. Some non-essential business services may experience disruptions due to property damage. High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge implemented a 10m setback requirement for businesses adjacent to the forest edge (Wildfire Protection Plan)- FireSmart can be used to help minimize risks on property for business and personal property (Staff AC Input)- Maple Ridge Fire Master Plan notes the need for increased service/fire fighting capacity and the need to have locations that can help businesses with fire underwriters survey/insurance costs (Staff AC Input)- Emergency Response pre-sign up (Staff AC Input) Interface Wildfire Social & Cultural Mental & physical health Increased anxiety and negative health impacts among people of all ages (e.g. asthma). Increased demand for health and social services to support people and pets displaced or evacuated. Increased opportunity for staff injury, stress, or inability to access work due to wildfire or debris (e.g. traffic disruption, other care needs). Increased demand for transportation and housing support during interface wildfire evacuation. Increased mental health issues and stress due to evacuation and displacement - People with existing respiratory conditions- People displaced or evacuated from their homes - Increased wildfire risk was the #2 climate hazard of most concern for survey respondents in the coming years (survey)- Residents have evacuated due to wildfire events (survey)- Reduced ability to travel due to wildfire events (survey) 3 5 5 5 Human Health and Safety, Critical Service Disruption People may experience negative physical or mental health impacts (e.g., stress, difficulty breathing). Critical services may experience increased demand to support vulnerable populations and people most affected by the wildfire event. High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk - Shelter in place (https://www.getprepared.gc.ca/cnt/hzd/drng-en.aspx) (Staff AC Input)- Voyent Alert quick notification system (Staff AC Input) Inte rf ac Wildfire Social & Cultural Cultural practices & traditional foods Damage to cultural sites affecting mental health and wellbeing, access to traditional plants, and ability to perform culturally significant practices - Cultural sites in forested areas- Cultural sites containing dead vegetation or other flammable vegetation - Cultural artifacts that are not renewable 3 5 5 5 Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property Cultural sites may be damaged or destroyed reducing access to safe spaces or required materials for performing culturally significant practices. Potential irreplaceable artifact/data loss High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk Interfa Wildfire Social & Cultural Impacts to wellbeing (social, recreation, etc.) Damage to recreational sites, and increased park closures due to unsafe conditions affecting mental health and wellbeing.- People participating in recreational activities- People living in proximity to closed parks 3 5 5 3 Human Health and Safety People may have limited access to recreational activities or social gatherings due to damage or unsafe conditions impacting mental and physical health. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk Wildfire Environment Natural assets (wetlands, vegetated banks, watercourses, urban canopy) Reduced watershed and riparian forest cover. Increased scorching of forest soils, changing their chemical and physical structure and making them less absorptive causing changes in runoff patterns, peak flows, and water quality. Increased damage to shoreline vegetation - Natural assets in forested areas prone to wildfire (e.g., areas of Allco and Silver Valley) (mapping results)- Riparian areas, upstream watersheds - Riparian areas in higher wildifre probability areas (e.g., along the Alouette River in Silver Valley, Yennadon, and Allco) (mapping results) 3 5 5 4 Environmental Damage Natural assets (urban forest, water bodies) may be damaged or destroyed leading to loss of functionality, and disruption of natural habitats. High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge updated its Wildfire Protection Plan which included recommendations to develop a landscaping standard which lists flammable non-compliant vegetation and landscaping materials, and provides alternative substitutes that are wildfire, drought, and pest resistant (Maple Ridge Wildfire Protection Plan)- Maple Ridge developed a set of action areas surrounding green infrastructure including creating an inventory of the City's natural assets, supporting green development and neighbourhoods, establishing green scaping standards, and building awareness within the City (Green Infrastructure Management Strategy) Interface Wild Wildfire Environment Trails & forested areas Damage to trees and forest vegetation, particularly smaller trees and plants on the forest floor, reducing timber value, releasing stored carbon, creating hazards for recreational users, and altering wildlife habitat - Coniferous forests- Forests in poor health- Forests on steep slopes- Golden Ears park is an area of high wildfire probability that is also far from fire halls (mapping results)- Malcolm Knapp Research Forest (mapping results)- Trail and forested areas in Allco, Silver Valley, East Maple Ridge, and Golden Ears (mapping results) - Areas most affected by the Allco fires in 1930s experienced regeneration delay 3 5 5 4 Environmental Damage Trees may be damaged or destroyed disrupting natural habitats and causing loss of species. Capital cost to repair High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge updated its Wildfire Protection Plan which included recommended measures to address tree management and create a Trails Master Plan detailing trail locations, widths, and maintenance activities to decrease wildfire risk (Wildfire Protection Plan) - Maple Ridge updated its Wildfire Protection Plan which included recommendations to develop a landscaping standard which lists flammable non-compliant vegetation and landscaping materials, and provides alternative substitutes that are wildfire, drought, and pest resistant (Wildfire Protection Plan) Page 51 of 63 Interface Wi Wildfire Environment Ecological systems & sensitive habitat Increased destruction of important habitats for species at risk or indirect impacts to habitats due to changes to runoff patterns, decreased cover, and reduced water quality from burned areas - Ecosystems and habitats in highly forested areas of high wildfire risk (e.g., ecosystems and habitats in Blaney Bog Reserve, Malcolm Knapp Research Forest, and Golden Ears Park) (mapping results)- Thin soiled ecosystems- Organic soils- Ecosystems and habitats in and around Golden Ears park (mapping results) - Increased individual fires having positive effects on ecological systems by releasing nutrients in dead and downed material more quickly than decomposition processes, creating sites suitable for regeneration of native tree species co-evolved with fire as a disturbance, creating new habitats that may be underrepresented currently, contributing to snag and coarse woody material formation, and reducing or delaying the incidence of some forest pathogens such as dwarf mistletoe (e.g., Douglas-fir requires open mineral soils to 3 5 5 4 Environmental Damage Habitats may be damaged or destroyed disrupting natural habitats and causing loss of species. Will recover naturally, but in time High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance ecosystems, sensitive areas and other natural features including requiring impact assessments in certain areas, limiting activities that contribute to soil erosion, and encouraging the use of native plants and nature scaping (OCP Chapter 5)- Maple Ridge will review the issues concerning wildfire and will consider developing or revising regulations and guidelines for development (OCP Chapter 5) Int erf Poor Air Quality Economic Municipal Buildings Unsafe or uncomfortable conditions in municipal buildings without advanced ventilation systems, impacting mental and physical health of staff or leading to interruptions to municipal services - Older municipal buildings- Municipal buildings without adequate filtration systems- Municipal staff 3 5 5 3 Human Health and Safety Municipal buildings without sufficient air filtration can lead to prolonged discomfort and increased respiratory challenges for staff Medium Risk High Risk High Risk (Water) Increased contamination of drinking water due to particulate matter from wildfire smoke leading to disruptions to service or reduced water quality. Likelihood scores decreased to indicate lower likelihood of this event happening. - Water distribution systems- Coquitlam Lake Treatment Plant (managed by Metro Vancouver)- Coquitlam Lake- Well Drinking Water Systems (Whonnock Lake Park, Fire Hall No. 2) 1 3 3 3 Critical Service Disruption Severe and prolonged water restrictions could affect people's daily lives. Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk - Maple Ridge take a multi-barrier approach to the operation & maintenance of the water distribution system which includes water main flushing, resdervoir cleaning, a cross-connection control program, system monitoring, and re-chlorination (Drinking Water Quality Report 2023)- The City of Maple Ridge has two clean and secure Bulk Water Fill Stations at Jackson Road and 101 Avenue, and 13160 Lilley Drive (MR website) (Stormwater) Increased eutrophication of downstream water bodies causing algal blooms and oxygen depletion due to increased nutrient levels from wildfire ash - Downstream waterbodies 3 5 5 1 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Eutrophication is more of an aesthetic issue and inconvenience.Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Poor Air Quality Economic Roads and Bridges Decreased visibility on roads and bridges due to wildfire smoke creating unsafe driving conditions - Roads or bridges with existing visibility challenges- Emergency access routes & arterial roads 3 5 5 1 Human Health and Safety People may have more difficulty driving during wildfire smoke events due to limited visibility.Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Poor Air Quality Economic Parks and Sports Fields Limited ability to safely visit parks or sports fields disrupting recreational activities. Increased crowding and demand for indoor community activities and sports facilities. - Outdoor activities relying on outdoor facilities 3 5 5 2 Human Health and Safety People may have limited access to parks or sports fields, including for recreational activities, impacting mental or physical health. Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk Poor Air Quality Economic Land Use and Growth Management Reduced desirability of areas due to prolonged exposure to poor air quality leading to shifts in population - North-Western Maple Ridge experienced more wildfire smoke days in 2022 than elsewhere in Maple Ridge- Spilsbury, Thornhill, Whonnock, and Albion experienced more wildfire smoke days in 2022 than elsewhere in Maple Ridge 3 5 5 2 Damage to Assets or Property Development plans may need to be changed to address poor air quality concerns in certain areas. Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk Poor Air Quality Economic Third Party Regional Infrastructure (power, telecom, transportation, institutional, Reduced ability to perform maintenance or repairs to outdoor infrastructure resulting in potential service disruptions. Limited or interrupted service at the regional airport (YPK). - Power and telecommunication infrastructure- YPK regional airport 3 5 5 2 Critical Service Disruption Maintenance or other outdoor work to regional infrastructure could be delayed potentially reducing level of service. Regional airport service could also be reduced or interrupted. Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk Interfa Poor Air Quality Economic Private property (Part 9 & Part 3 residential, social housing) Increased unsafe or uncomfortable conditions in homes, impacting the mental and physical health of people and pets (especially if coinciding with an extreme heat event). Increased delays to construction and renovation due to air quality events. Increased need for improved ventilation systems to combat poor air quality. - Older homes and homes with insufficient filtration systems- Seniors homes & homes of people with pre-existing health conditions 3 5 5 3 Human Health and Safety Homes without sufficient air filtration can impact the mental and physical health of occupants and pets. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk Interf Poor Air Quality Economic Business losses & employment disruption in key sectors (e.g. Reduced customer volumes or operation interruptions due to staff shortages or otherwise. Increased stop work orders due to poor air quality. Increased health and safety impacts to workers due to prolonged exposure leading to increased delays and reduced productivity. - Outdoor businesses- Agricultural and other outdoor workers- Indoor businesses without filtration- Delivery people, those part of the gig economy (Staff AC Input) - Air filtration in workplaces - Reduced ability for workers to commute to work, especially those walking or biking 3 5 5 3 Critical Service Disruption, Human Health and Safety Outdoor businesses may experience disruptions due to unsafe working conditions resulting in a loss of productivity. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk Interface W Poor Air Quality Social & Cultural Mental & physical health Increased anxiety and negative health impacts among people of all ages (e.g. asthma). Increased demand for health and social services to support people and pets affected by poor air quality. Increased long term health impacts from smoke, particularly for those with pre-existing conditions. Increased demand for health services, particularly for vulnerable groups. - People with pre-existing respiratory conditions- Unhoused people- Healthcare workers and services - Access to spaces with cleaner air (e.g., libraries, malls, grocery stores)- Air filtration in homes - Poor air quality was the #1 climate hazard of concern for survey respondents in future years (survey)- Air quality impacts to mental and physical health such as being unable to breathe properly outdoors, being trapped in homes without fresh air (unable to open windows)- People with existing conditions (e.g., asthma) were unable to go outside or seek much support (survey)- North-West and Central-South Maple Ridge 3 5 5 4 Human Health and Safety People may experience increased or worsened respiratory issues or discomfort due to prolonged exposure, especially unhoused people or people with existing respiratory conditions. High Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk - Voyent Alert quick notification system (Staff AC Input) In terfa Poor Air Quality Social & Cultural Cultural practices & traditional foods Reduced ability to safely visit cultural sites, particularly outdoor sites and buildings without enhanced air filtration, affecting access to traditional plants, ability to perform culturally significant practices, and mental health and wellbeing. - People working at or accessing cultural sites- Cultural sites without adequate air filtration 3 5 5 3 Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property People may have reduced access to traditional plants for performing culturally significant practices impacting mental health. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk Interf Poor Air Quality Social & Cultural Impacts to wellbeing (social, recreation, etc.) Reduced ability to safely participate in recreational activities, particularly outdoors and in buildings without enhanced air filtration, affecting mental and physical health and wellbeing - People participating in outdoor recreational activities- Recreational facility staff - Mental and physical health challenges associated with being unable to participate in recreational activities, especially for children (survey)3 5 5 2 Human Health and Safety People may have reduced access to recreational activities impacting mental health.Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk Poor Air Quality Environment Natural assets (wetlands, vegetated banks, watercourses, urban canopy) Increased allochthonous depositions in waterbodies/watercourses decreasing water quality (e.g., sulphur emissions can become sulfuric acid, leading to acid rain and increasing the acidity of waterbodies) - Fish and other wildlife with low tolerance for acidic environments- Frogs are especially sensitive to water quality due to their thin, moist skins- Waterbodies with low acid neutralizing capacity- Soils low in cations 3 5 5 3 Environmental Damage Species may experience increased negative health impacts, causing minor disruptions to natural habitats. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk Inter Poor Air Quality Environment Trails & forested areas Increased air pollution during the growing season could lead to decreased tree growth and increased mortality of some tree species - Lower elevations- Urban areas- Interface forests 3 5 5 2 Environmental Damage Tree species may experience increased negative health impacts causing minor disruptions to natural habitats. Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk - Maple Ridge to develop a Recreation Trails Strategy to explore trail specific needs and strategies and establish a Trails Committee (Parks Recreation and Culture Master Plan)I nter Poor Air Quality Environment Ecological systems & sensitive habitat Increased negative health impacts to species, increasing chance of mortality - Species in areas of prolonged exposure and limited shelter from air pollutants- Species in water bodies susceptible to contamination- Lichens are sensitive to air quality 3 5 5 2 Environmental Damage Species may experience increased negative health impacts, causing minor disruptions to natural habitats. Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk Water/Wastewater/SewersEconomicPoor Air Quality Page 52 of 63 Rainwater Flooding Economic Municipal Buildings Increased flooding of municipal buildings in low-lying, flood-prone areas, especially those with basements - Municipal buildings in low-lying areas and floodplains- Municipal buildings with basements 3 4 5 3 Damage to Assets or Property Municipal buildings may be damaged and require reasonable repairs.Medium Risk High Risk High Risk (Water) Increased flooding of underground facilities (e.g., PRV chambers), requiring additional maintenance/repairs - Underground water facilities 3 4 5 3 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Water infrastructure could be damaged, requiring repairs and resulting in reduced level or service or temporary disruptions. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Regular REAC subcommittee meetings with Metro Vancouver to influence water/wastewater services (Staff AC Input) (Stormwater) Increased localized flooding due to surpassed stormwater system capacity - Older stormwater infrastructure - Infrastructure in areas with significant debris (e.g. treed areas)- Surrounding environment (if overflow is untreated water) (Staff AC Input) 3 4 5 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Stormwater infrastructure capacity could be exceeded increasing risk of localized flooding. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge will adopt Provincial guidelines and standards for integrated rain and stormwater management and prepare an Integrated Stormwater Management Plan (ISMP) to maintain water quality and natural runoff rates in municipal watercourses (OCP Chapter 5)- Regular REAC subcommittee meetings with Metro Vancouver to influence water/wastewater services (Staff AC Input) (Wastewater) Increased inflow and infiltration into sewers from intense rainfall leading to sewer backups into homes and associated insurance claims and negative health impacts - Older sewer pipes- Manholes- People in homes prone to sewer backups 3 4 5 4 Critical Service Disruption, Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property Inflow and infiltration into sewers can cause backups of sewage, impacting private property and having negative health impacts to residents. High Risk High Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge had a model of City wide sanitary sewers developed and run under four scenarios (including an OCP 2041 scenario) to analyze hydraulic capacity of existing infrastructure and size upgrades (Sanitary Master Plan)- Maple Ridge recently developed a drainage model for the city (Staff AC Input)- Regular inspection and monitoring of the sewer system through CCTV (Staff AC Input) Rainwater Flooding Economic Roads and Bridges Increased flooding or overtop of roads in low-lying areas if creeks and ditches flood their banks or culverts are too small to pass extreme flows, limiting access and disrupting services. Damage to roads including potholes due to flooding and debris - Roads and bridges in low-lying areas- Old roads and bridges with existing cracks or defects- Areas with limited access roads and supplies (e.g., Silver Valley) (Staff AC Input) - Flooding has closed many roads and limited access to childcare (e.g., roads to the East) (survey)- Residents of Silver Valley have only two access routes to their community. There is concern these routes could be blocked during a flood or other climate event (survey) 3 4 5 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Roads and bridges may be damaged or blocked due to flooding, limiting mobility (in and out of communities, emergency service routes, public transportation routes). Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge identified new roadway connections to create network redundancy (Strategic Transportation Plan) Rainwater Flooding Economic Parks and Sports Fields Increased flooding and pooling in parks and sports fields limiting access to recreational sites and damaging parks and sports fields - Parks and sports fields prone to flooding and pooling or with insufficient drainage 3 4 5 2 Damage to Assets or Property, Environmental Damage Parks or sports fields may be damaged, requiring repair or rebuilding of these areas. Outdoor park use could be limited due to flooding conditions. Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk - Zoning Bylaw defined the minimal % of lot area to be landscaped with a permeable surface (UFMS) Rainwater Flooding Economic Land Use and Growth Management Increased stormwater flooding could cause reduced access to insurance, higher premiums, and potentially affect property values in low-lying and flood prone areas - Low-lying areas and areas in floodplains 3 4 5 2 Human Health and Safety Reduced access to insurance, higher insurance premiums, and reduced property value could have moderate impacts to human health and safety Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk - Maple Ridge will integrate risk mitigation measures in development permit areas, area planning, special area development policies (such as the Fraser River Escarpment) and environmental planning policies that address problems associated with forest fires, pest infestations, land slides, and flooding (OCP Chapter 5) Rainwater Flooding Economic Third Party Regional Infrastructure (power, telecom, transportation, institutional, railway, contaminated sites) Damage to power transmission and distribution lines, rail lines, pipelines, and other linear infrastructure leading to disruptions in service, access, or supply chains. Increased spreading of contaminants from contaminated sites through floodwaters or infiltration into groundwater leading to widespread environmental pollution - On-ground infrastructure- Infrastructure in low-lying or flood-prone areas- Contaminated sites 3 4 5 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Powerlines, telecommunication lines, or other infrastructure could be damaged or destroyed, resulting in significant temporary disruptions to community services. Contaminants from contaminated sites could be spread through floodwaters, causing disruptions to surrounding natural areas. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk Rainwater Flooding Economic Private property (Part 9 & Part 3 residential, social housing) Increased flooding of yards, basements, underground parking, and storage lockers due to overland flooding, sanitary backup, or higher than normal groundwater table. Damage from rainwater ingress through doors, roofs, or windows. Increased delays to construction and renovations. Increased flood construction levels, impacting future development - Underground areas such as basements, storage areas, or underground parking- Homes in low-lying or flood-prone areas - Homes with insufficient stormwater drains - Basement flooding (survey)- Increased insurance costs due to climate-related events (survey)3 4 5 3 Damage to Assets or Property Homes or other belongings could be damaged impacting people's livelihood. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk Rainwater Flooding Economic Business losses & employment disruption in key sectors (e.g. agriculture, industrial, commercial) Reduced staff or patron ability to access businesses. Damage business site/building and assets, increasing repair costs and causing business interruptions. Increased flood construction levels, impacting future development. Increased damage to agricultural equipment and crops and increased livestock injury or death - Businesses located in low-lying or flood-prone areas- Agricultural sector, especially in low-lying or flood-prone areas 3 4 5 4 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Access to businesses may be impacted due to flooding of roads resulting in business disruptions. Commercial buildings may be damaged and require repair. Agricultural crops or equipment may be damaged or destroyed, resulting in supply chain disruptions and requiring repair. High Risk High Risk Extreme Risk Rainwater Flooding Social & Cultural Mental & physical health Increased injury and increased demand for health and social services to support people who are underhoused, evacuated, or otherwise vulnerable during storm events and flooding. Increased disruptions to services due to blocked access or damage. Reduced mobility and shelter of vulnerable groups (such as people who are underhoused, elderly, or mobility challenged), creating unhealthy living conditions - Unhoused people- People with mobility challenges- People living in flood-prone areas - Residents have been unable to leave their homes due to flooding (survey)3 4 5 4 Human Health and Safety, Critical Service Disruption People may have reduced mobility and increased opportunity for injury due to floodwaters and debris, especially unhoused people and people with existing mobility challenges. High Risk High Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge provides citizens with guidelines, facts, and required information about preparing for and dealing with flood events (Emergency Preparedness)- Voyent Alert quick notification system (Staff AC Input) Rainwater Flooding Economic Water/Wastewater/Sewers Page 53 of 63 Rainwater Flooding Social & Cultural Cultural practices & traditional foods Damage to historical and cultural artifacts and buildings limiting the ability to perform traditional practices or access traditional foods. Increased difficulty accessing cultural sites due to blockage or infrastructure damage - Cultural sites in flood-prone areas - Cultural sites in areas with limited access roads that may be susceptible to flooding 3 4 5 4 Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property Cultural sites may be damaged reducing access to safe spaces or required materials for performing culturally significant practices. People may also have reduced ability to access cultural sites due to mobility challenges. High Risk High Risk Extreme Risk Rainwater Flooding Social & Cultural Impacts to wellbeing (social, recreation, etc.) Increased disruptions to indoor and outdoor recreational activities, impacting mental and physical health and wellbeing - People participating in outdoor recreational activities 3 4 5 2 Human Health and Safety People may have limited access to recreational activities or social gatherings due to damage or unsafe conditions impacting mental and physical health. Medium RiskMedium Risk Medium Risk Rainwater Flooding Environment Natural assets (wetlands, vegetated banks, watercourses, urban canopy) Increased scouring and erosion of stream banks, stream beds, and shorelines during high flow events worsened by BC Hydro dam releases on the Coquitlam River, local sheet flow, and higher river water levels. Increased avulsion and overtopping of streams. Increased pollution and debris in streams and wetlands from adjacent flooded areas - Riparian corridors (e.g., along North and South Alouette Rivers, Kanaka Creek)- Fraser river waterfront- Creeks connected to stormwater drainage infrastructure - Wetlands and Riparian areas are protected under the Watercourse Protection Bylaw. These protected areas are able to help mitigate flooding impacts by slowing overland flow, and acting like a sponge to absorb and clean water 3 4 5 3 Environmental Damage Natural assets (wetlands, stream banks, riparian zones) may be damaged or destroyed leading to loss of functionality, and disruption of natural habitats. Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge developed a set of action areas surrounding green infrastructure including creating an inventory of the City's natural assets, supporting green development and neighbourhoods, establishing green scaping standards, and building awareness within the City (Green Infrastructure Management Strategy)- Maple Ridge will consider the preparation of watershed management plans that integrate watercourse protection, stormwater management, and sediment or erosion controls on an ecosystem basis (OCP Chapter 5) Rainwater Flooding Environment Trails & forested areas Increased soil erosion, waterlogging of soils, and debris flows, leading to localized decline in tree growth, increase in tree mortality, trail washouts, and increased risk of landslides - Forested areas with insufficient drainage or limited infiltration capacity- Some tree species may only sustain less than a week of flooding- Riparian corridors (e.g., along North and South Alouette Rivers, Kanaka Creek)- Fraser river waterfront- Creeks connected to stormwater drainage infrastructure 3 4 5 3 Environmental Damage Increased risk of landslide Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance ecosystems, sensitive areas and other natural features including requiring impact assessments in certain areas, limiting activities that contribute to soil erosion, and encouraging the use of native plants and nature scaping (OCP Chapter 5)- Maple Ridge will review the issues concerning flooding of land resources and will consider developing or revising regulations and guidelines for development (OCP Chapter 5)- Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance water resources, including continuing to apply adaptive protection measures and the guidelines and protecting significant municipal watercourses (OCP Chapter 5) Rainwater Flooding Environment Ecological systems & sensitive habitat Damage to critical habitats resulting in changing ecosystems and potential loss of species as many species depend on wetlands and other habitat types located in low-lying, flood-prone areas (e.g., Pacific Water Shrew, Oregon Forest snail) - Habitats in low-lying or flood-prone areas- Riparian corridors (e.g., along North and South Alouette Rivers, Kanaka Creek)- Fraser river waterfront - Creeks connected to stormwater drainage infrastructure 3 4 5 3 Environmental Damage Habitats may be damaged or destroyed with potential for species decline and change.Medium Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance ecosystems, sensitive areas and other natural features including requiring impact assessments in certain areas, limiting activities that contribute to soil erosion, and encouraging the use of native plants and nature scaping (OCP Chapter 5)- Maple Ridge will review the issues concerning flooding of land resources and will consider developing or revising regulations and guidelines for development (OCP Chapter 5)River F River Flooding & Erosion Economic Municipal Buildings Damage to municipal buildings resulting in increased costs for maintenance or repair and potential disruptions to municipal services - Municipal buildings in river floodplains- Municipal buildings in proximity to the North and South Alouette Rivers or in their floodplains (mapping results, NHC mapping) - Municipal buildings in Alouette, South Alouette, and Hammond (mapping results, NHC mapping) 1 4 5 4 Damage to Assets or Property Municipal buildings may be damaged and require costly repairs. Low Risk High Risk Extreme Risk (Water) Increased contamination of drinking water with pollutants, sediments, and pathogens from floodwaters leading to increased difficulty treating water - Water sources- Water distribution systems 1 4 5 3 Critical Service Disruption Severe and prolonged water restrictions could affect people's daily lives.Low Risk High Risk High Risk - Regular REAC subcommittee meetings with Metro Vancouver to influence water/wastewater services (Staff AC Input)- Maple Ridge take a multi-barrier approach to the operation & maintenance of the water distribution system which includes water main flushing, resdervoir cleaning, a cross-connection control program, system monitoring, and re-chlorination (Drinking Water Quality Report 2023)- The City of Maple Ridge has two clean and secure Bulk Water Fill Stations at Jackson Road and 101 Avenue, and 13160 Lilley Drive (MR website) (Stormwater) Increased blockage of stormwater systems from debris or surpassed capacity leading to increased flooding, backup of stormwater systems, or damage to stormwater systems - Stormwater systems in areas of high floodwater volume 1 4 5 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Stormwater infrastructure capacity could be exceeded increasing risk of localized flooding. Low Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge will adopt Provincial guidelines and standards for integrated rain and stormwater management and prepare an Integrated Stormwater Management Plan (ISMP) to maintain water quality and natural runoff rates in municipal watercourses (OCP Chapter 5) (Wastewater) Increased sewer backups due to inflow and infiltration damaging homes and increasing costs to homeowners. Increased sewage overflow into surrounding natural environments. - Older sewer pipes- Manholes- Natural environments in proximity to sewers 1 4 5 4 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Inflow and infiltration into sewers can cause backups of sewage, impacting private property and physical health and safety. Low Risk High Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge had a model of City wide sanitary sewers developed and run under four scenarios (including an OCP 2041 scenario) to analyze hydraulic capacity of existing infrastructure and size upgrades (Sanitary Master Plan)- Maple Ridge recently developed a drainage model for the city (Staff AC Input)- Regular inspection and monitoring of the sewer system through CCTV (Staff AC Input)- Regular REAC subcommittee meetings with Metro Vancouver to influence water/wastewater services (Staff AC Input) River Flooding & Erosion Economic Roads and Bridges Increased flooding of bridges and roads below the flood elevation disrupting transportation and other services - Roads and bridges below flood elevation- Roads and bridges in proximity to the North and South Alouette Rivers or in their floodplains (mapping results)- Roads and bridges in Alouette, South Alouette, and Hammond (mapping results, NHC mapping) 1 4 5 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Roads and bridges may be damaged or blocked due to flooding, limiting mobility (in and out of communities, emergency service routes, public transportation routes) Low Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge identified new roadway connections to create network redundancy (Strategic Transportation Plan) River Flooding & Erosion Economic Water/Wastewater/Sewers Page 54 of 63 River Flooding & Erosion Economic Parks and Sports Fields Blocked access to parks and trails within the floodplain. Damage to parks and sports fields increasing maintenance and repair costs and disrupting recreational activities - Parks and sports fields without sufficient drainage- Parks and sports fields in river floodplains- Parks and Sports fields in Alouette, South Alouette, and Hammond (mapping results, NHC mapping) 1 4 5 3 Damage to Assets or Property, Environmental Damage Parks or sports fields may be damaged, requiring repair or rebuilding of these areas. Outdoor park use could be limited due to flooding conditions. Low Risk High Risk High Risk River Flooding & Erosion Economic Land Use and Growth Management Increased stormwater flooding could cause reduced access to insurance, higher premiums, and potentially affect property value in the floodplain - Areas in river floodplains- New developments in areas surrounding rivers- Lands in proximity to the North and South Alouette Rivers or in their floodplains (mapping results, NHC mapping)- The North Alouette River may be prone to debris flood (NHC report)- Upper McFadden Creek, Cooper Creek, and Alouette Tributary 1 may be prone to mixed debris floods and debris flows (NHC report)- Kanaka creek appears to be prone to watershed floods, debris floods, and debris flows (NHC Report) 1 4 5 2 Human Health and Safety Reduced access to insurance, higher insurance premiums, and reduced property value could have moderate impacts to human health and safety Very Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk - Maple Ridge will integrate risk mitigation measures in development permit areas, area planning, special area development policies (such as the Fraser River Escarpment) and environmental planning policies that address problems associated with forest fires, pest infestations, land slides, and flooding (OCP Chapter 5) River Flooding & Erosion Economic Third Party Regional Infrastructure (power, telecom, transportation, institutional, railway, contaminated sites) Damage to rail lines, power infrastructure, and telecom infrastructure causing disruptions to service and increasing costs of replacement and repair. Blockage of transportation routes causing service disruptions. Flooding of YPK airport leading to service disruptions - Port Haney train station and West Coast Express rail lines- Regional infrastructure in proximity to the North and South Alouette Rivers or in their floodplains (mapping results, NHC mapping)- Regional infrastructure in Alouette, South Alouette, and Hammond (mapping results, NHC mapping)- YPK airport (Staff AC Input) 1 4 5 4 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Powerlines, telecommunication lines, or other infrastructure could be damaged or destroyed, resulting in significant temporary disruptions to community services. Transportation services could be interrupted due to road or bridge closure. Low Risk High Risk Extreme Risk Rive r Flooding River Flooding & Erosion Economic Private property (Part 9 & Part 3 residential, social housing) Damaged due to ingress, sanitary backup, or flooding, especially in basements, basement suites, underground parking and underground storage. Increased flood construction levels, impacting future development. Increased insurance challenges, including loss of coverage and tax implications - Underground areas such as basements, underground parking, underground storage facilities- Properties in river floodplains- Homes and properties in proximity to the North and South Alouette Rivers or in their floodplains (mapping results, NHC mapping)- Homes and properties in Alouette, South Alouette, and Hammond (mapping results, NHC mapping)- Properties in the Silver Valley and Rockridge neighbourhoods were advised to be prepared to shelter in place during the 2021 atmospheric river (Vancouver CityNews) 1 4 5 4 Damage to Assets or Property Homes or other belongings could be damaged or destroyed which can significantly impact people's livelihood. Low Risk High Risk Extreme Risk River Flooding River Flooding & Erosion Economic Business losses & employment disruption in key sectors (e.g. agriculture, industrial, commercial) Reduced staff or patron ability to access businesses, leading to business disruptions and reduced productivity. Damage to business site, building and contents. Increased damage to agricultural equipment and crops and increased livestock injury or death. Disruptions to the film industry - Businesses in river floodplains- Agricultural lands in river floodplains- Businesses and agricultural land in Albion Industrial and Albion Flats (mapping results, NHC mapping)- Businesses and agricultural lands in proximity to the North and South Alouette Rivers or in their floodplains (mapping results, NHC mapping)- Businesses and agricultural lands in Alouette, South Alouette, and Hammond (mapping results, NHC mapping)- Film industry (Staff AC Input)- Ruskin (Staff AC Input) 1 4 5 5 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Access to businesses may be impacted due to flooding of roads resulting in business disruptions. Commercial buildings and products inside may be damaged or destroyed and require repair or replacement at significant expense. Agricultural crops or equipment may be damaged or destroyed, resulting in supply chain disruptions and requiring repair. Low Risk Extreme Risk Extreme Risk Ri ver Flood River Flooding & Erosion Social & Cultural Mental & physical health Increased injury, illness or death due to walking through deep, flowing flood waters. Increased physical health impacts due to waterborne illness. Increased demand for health and social services to support people displaced, evacuated, or injured by river flooding and erosion. Reduced mobility and shelter for vulnerable groups, creating unhealthy living conditions - People with existing mobility challenges- People without access to cars- Unhoused populations- People living in floodplain areas 1 4 5 4 Human Health and Safety, Critical Service Disruption People may have reduced mobility and increased opportunity for injury due to floodwaters and debris, especially unhoused people and people with existing mobility challenges. Service people will be in higher demand, impacting mental and physical health. Low Risk High Risk Extreme Risk - Voyent Alert quick notification system (Staff AC Input) River Flo River Flooding & Erosion Social & Cultural Cultural practices & traditional foods Historical and cultural artifacts, buildings, and sites may be damaged in a major flood event, impacting ability to perform culturally significant practices or access traditional foods - Cultural sites or foods located in river floodplain areas (e.g., in Alouette, South Alouette, and Hammond (mapping results, NHC mapping) 1 4 5 4 Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property Cultural sites may be damaged reducing access to safe spaces or required materials for performing culturally significant practices. People may also have reduced ability to access cultural sites due to mobility challenges. Low Risk High Risk Extreme Risk R iver F River Flooding & Erosion Social & Cultural Impacts to wellbeing (social, recreation, etc.) Recreational sites may be damaged in a major flood event, disrupting recreational activities and impacting mental and physical health and wellness - Recreational sites with insufficient drainage- Recreational sites in river floodplain areas 1 4 5 2 Human Health and Safety People may have limited access to recreational activities or social gatherings due to damage or unsafe conditions impacting mental and physical health. Very Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk River Flooding & Erosion Environment Natural assets (wetlands, vegetated banks, watercourses, urban canopy) Increased pollution and debris in streams and wetlands from adjacent flooded areas. Increased erosion of river shorelines, causing shoreline retreat, changes to ecological habitat, and destabilization of banks with the potential to damage waterfront infrastructure - River shorelines and banks- Blaney Bog Reserve (mapping results, NHC mapping)- Riparian corridors- Fraser river waterfront- The North Alouette River may be prone to debris flood (NHC report)- Upper McFadden Creek, Cooper Creek, and Alouette Tributary 1 may be prone to mixed debris floods and debris flows (NHC report)- Kanaka creek appears to be prone to watershed floods, debris floods, and debris flows (NHC Report) 1 4 5 4 Environmental Damage Natural assets (wetlands, stream banks, riparian zones) may be damaged or destroyed leading to loss of functionality, and disruption of natural habitats. Low Risk High Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge developed a set of action areas surrounding green infrastructure including creating an inventory of the City's natural assets, supporting green development and neighbourhoods, establishing green scaping standards, and building awareness within the City (Green Infrastructure Management Strategy)- Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance water resources, including continuing to apply adaptive protection measures and the guidelines and protecting significant municipal watercourses (OCP Chapter 5) Page 55 of 63 River Flooding & E River Flooding & Erosion Environment Trails & forested areas Increased soil erosion, waterlogging of soils, and debris flows, leading to localized decline in tree growth, increased tree mortality, and increased trail washouts - Forested areas with insufficient drainage or limited infiltration capacity- Some tree species may only sustain less than a week of flooding- Riparian corridors (e.g., along North and South Alouette Rivers, Kanaka Creek)- Fraser river waterfront 1 4 5 4 Environmental Damage Trees may be damaged or killed due to soil erosion ,waterlogging of soils, and debris flow disrupting natural habitats and potentially causing species death and die-back. Low Risk High Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance ecosystems, sensitive areas and other natural features including requiring impact assessments in certain areas, limiting activities that contribute to soil erosion, and encouraging the use of native plants and nature scaping (OCP Chapter 5)- Maple Ridge will review the issues concerning flooding of land resources and will consider developing or revising regulations and guidelines for development (OCP Chapter 5) - Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance water resources, including continuing to apply adaptive protection measures and the guidelines and protecting significant municipal watercourses (OCP Chapter 5)River Flooding & Erosi River Flooding & Erosion Environment Ecological systems & sensitive habitat Increased loss of critical habitats located in floodplain areas as many species at risk depend on wetland and other habitat types located in floodplain areas (e.g., Pacific Water Shrew, Oregon Forest snail). Increased loss of aquatic habitats and species (e.g., salmon) - Habitats in floodplain areas- Riparian corridors (e.g., along North and South Alouette Rivers, Kanaka Creek)- Fraser river waterfront- Pacific Water Shrew, Oregon Forest snail, salmon- Ecosystems in Blaney Bog Reserve (mapping results, NHC mapping)- Ecosystems along the North and South Alouette Rivers (mapping results, NHC mapping)- Ecosystems surrounding lakes and smaller streams in Whonnock, Rothsay, Webster Corners, Allco, Silver Valley, and Golden Ears (NHC mapping) - The North Alouette River may be prone to debris flood (NHC report)- Upper McFadden Creek, Cooper Creek, and Alouette Tributary 1 may be prone to mixed debris floods and debris flows (NHC report)- Kanaka creek appears to be prone to watershed floods, debris floods, and debris flows (NHC Report) 1 4 5 4 Environmental Damage Habitats may be damaged or destroyed disrupting natural habitats and causing loss of species. Will recover naturally, but in time Low Risk High Risk Extreme Risk - Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance ecosystems, sensitive areas and other natural features including requiring impact assessments in certain areas, limiting activities that contribute to soil erosion, and encouraging the use of native plants and nature scaping (OCP Chapter 5)- Maple Ridge will review the issues concerning flooding of land resources and will consider developing or revising regulations and guidelines for development (OCP Chapter 5) Coastal Flooding & Erosion Economic Municipal Buildings Damage to municipal buildings due to erosion leading to cracking - Municipal buildings in proximity to the Fraser River 1 3 4 4 Damage to Assets or Property Municipal buildings (including their foundations) may be damaged and require costly repairs. Low Risk High Risk High Risk (Wastewater) Increased exposure of water distribution lines due to erosion increasing opportunities for cracks and leaks - Water distribution pipes in proximity to the Fraser River banks 1 3 4 2 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Water distribution lines may be damaged due to erosion, leading to leaks which require repair and causing minor or temporary disruptions to community services. Very Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk - Regular REAC subcommittee meetings with Metro Vancouver to influence water/wastewater services (Staff AC Input) (Stormwater) Increased surpassing of stormwater system capacity leading to increased flooding, backup of stormwater systems, or damage to stormwater systems - Older stormwater systems- Stormwater infrastructure in proximity to the Fraser River 1 3 4 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Stormwater infrastructure capacity could be exceeded increasing risk of localized flooding. Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge will adopt Provincial guidelines and standards for integrated rain and stormwater management and prepare an Integrated Stormwater Management Plan (ISMP) to maintain water quality and natural runoff rates in municipal watercourses (OCP Chapter 5) (Wastewater) Increased exposure of sewer lines due to erosion increasing opportunities for cracks and leaks - Wastewater infrastructure (especially older infrastructure) close to Fraser River banks 1 3 4 2 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Sewer lines could be damaged due to erosion, leading to leaks requiring repair and causing minor or temporary disruptions to community services. Very Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk - Regular REAC subcommittee meetings with Metro Vancouver to influence water/wastewater services (Staff AC Input) Coastal Flooding & Erosion Economic Roads and Bridges Damage to roads and bridges due to erosion or flooding increasing repair costs and causing road closures that can disrupt commuters, access to various areas, and transportation services - Roads along the Fraser River (e.g., River Rd)- Transportation routes relying on roads along the Fraser River- Golden Ears bridge (Staff AC Input)1 3 4 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Roads and bridges may be damaged or blocked due to flooding, limiting mobility (in and out of communities, emergency service routes, public transportation routes) Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge identified new roadway connections to create network redundancy (Strategic Transportation Plan) Coastal Flooding & Erosion Economic Parks and Sports Fields Damage to parks and sports fields due to flooding and erosion increasing maintenance and repair costs and disrupting sports and recreational activities - Low-lying parks and sports fields in proximity to the Fraser River- Parks in areas of higher probability of coastal flooding (e.g., Emmeline Mohum Park, Boundary Park, Jerry Sulina Park, Kanaka Creek Regional Park Fraser Riverfront) 1 3 4 3 Damage to Assets or Property, Environmental Damage Parks or sports fields may be damaged, requiring repair or rebuilding of these areas. Outdoor park use could be limited due to flooding conditions. Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk Coastal Flooding & Erosion Economic Land Use and Growth Management Increased areas affected by flooding events causing reduced access to insurance, higher premiums, and potentially affect property values in low-lying and flood prone areas - Low-lying areas in proximity to the Fraser River- Agricultural areas in North-Western Maple Ridge in the North and South Alouette River coastal floodplains (mapping results)1 3 4 2 Human Health and Safety Reduced access to insurance, higher insurance premiums, and reduced property value could have moderate impacts to human health and safety Very Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk - Maple Ridge will integrate risk mitigation measures in development permit areas, area planning, special area development policies (such as the Fraser River Escarpment) and environmental planning policies that address problems associated with forest fires, pest infestations, land slides, and flooding (OCP Chapter 5) Coastal Flooding & Erosion Economic Third Party Regional Infrastructure (power, telecom, transportation, institutional, railway, contaminated Damage to railway tracks due to flooding leading to service disruptions and increased maintenance. Blockage of transportation routes due to damage caused by erosion or flooding. Increased service disruptions at YPK airport due to damage or blocked transportation routes impacting access to services and supplies - Port Haney train station and West Coast Express rail lines- Transportation routes relying on roads along the Fraser River- Regional infrastructure in North-Western Maple Ridge in the North and South Alouette River coastal floodplains (mapping results)- YPK airport (Staff AC Input) 1 3 4 4 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Railway tracks or train stations could be damaged or blocked by floodwater, increasing repairs and disrupting services Low Risk High Risk High Risk River Flo Coastal Flooding & Erosion Economic Private property (Part 9 & Part 3 residential, social housing) Damage to private properties due to erosion and flooding, increasing repair and maintenance costs to homeowners and affecting insurance of properties. Increased opportunity for ingress or sanitary backup - Low-lying properties - Properties with basements, below-ground parking or below-ground storage- Homes and private property in North-Western Maple Ridge in the North and South Alouette River coastal floodplains (mapping results)- Homes and private property in Port Hammond (mapping results) 1 3 4 4 Damage to Assets or Property Homes or other belongings could be damaged or destroyed which can significantly impact people's livelihood. Low Risk High Risk High Risk Water/Wastewater/SewersEconomicCoastal Flooding & Erosion Page 56 of 63 Rive r Flooding Coastal Flooding & Erosion Economic Business losses & employment disruption in key sectors (e.g. agriculture, industrial, commercial) Damage to businesses due to erosion and flooding potentially caused by dike breach or overtopping leading to increased repair costs and business disruptions or closures - Businesses in low-lying areas close to the Fraser River- Businesses relying on local authority non-standard dikes which provide a lower level of protection than standard dikes (e.g., businesses in the Albion industrial area) - Low-lying agricultural lands relying on local authority non-standard dikes which provide a lower level of protection than standard dikes (e.g., Albion Flats)- Businesses in North-Western Maple Ridge in the North and South Alouette River coastal floodplains (mapping results)- Businesses in Port Hammond (mapping results)- Agricultural areas in North-Western Maple Ridge in the North and South Alouette River coastal floodplains (mapping results)- Ruskin industrial area (Staff AC Input) 1 3 4 5 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Access to businesses may be impacted due to flooding of roads resulting in business disruptions. Commercial buildings and products inside may be damaged or destroyed and require repair or replacement at significant expense. Low Risk High Risk Extreme Risk Ri ver Flo Coastal Flooding & Erosion Social & Cultural Mental & physical health Reduced mobility due to flooding or erosion damaging or blocking sidewalks, roads and other pathways preventing people from accessing services or leaving their homes - Unhoused populations- People living in flood and erosion prone neighbourhoods 1 3 4 4 Human Health and Safety, Critical Service Disruption People may have reduced mobility and increased opportunity for injury due to floodwaters and debris, especially unhoused people and people with existing mobility challenges. Low Risk High Risk High Risk - Voyent Alert quick notification system (Staff AC Input) River Flo Coastal Flooding & Erosion Social & Cultural Cultural practices & traditional foods Increased difficulty accessing traditional foods or culturally significant locations due to blocked or damaged roads or direct damage to the foods and locations - Traditional foods or culturally significant locations located in low-lying areas close to the Fraser River or relying on roads in low-lying areas- Traditional foods or culturally significant areas in North-Western Maple Ridge in the North and South Alouette River coastal floodplains (mapping results) 1 3 4 4 Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property Cultural sites may be damaged reducing access to safe spaces or required materials for performing culturally significant practices. People may also have reduced ability to access cultural sites due to mobility challenges. Low Risk High Risk High Risk River F Coastal Flooding & Erosion Social & Cultural Impacts to wellbeing (social, recreation, etc.) Reduced ability to participate in recreational activities or social gatherings due to limited mobility and potential damage to recreation or social gathering locations impacting mental and physical health and reducing social cohesion - People participating in recreational activities- People living alone 1 3 4 2 Human Health and Safety People may have limited access to recreational activities or social gatherings due to damage or unsafe conditions impacting mental and physical health. Very Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk Coastal Flooding & Erosion Environment Natural assets (wetlands, vegetated banks, watercourses, urban canopy) Increased loss of shoreline ecosystems between rising water levels and hardened shoreline infrastructure (coastal squeeze). Increased salinity further upstream in rivers impacting freshwater ecosystems - Fraser river waterfront- Ecosystems in North-Western Maple Ridge in the North and South Alouette River coastal floodplains (mapping results)- Ecosystems along Kanaka creek (mapping results) 1 3 4 4 Environmental Damage, Damage to Assets or Property Natural assets (wetlands, stream banks, riparian zones) may be damaged or destroyed leading to loss of functionality, disruption of natural habitats and potential damage to waterfront infrastructure. Low Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge developed a set of action areas surrounding green infrastructure including creating an inventory of the City's natural assets, supporting green development and neighbourhoods, establishing green scaping standards, and building awareness within the City (Green Infrastructure Management Strategy)- Maple Ridge will consider the preparation of watershed management plans that integrate watercourse protection, stormwater management, and sediment or erosion controls on an ecosystem basis (OCP Chapter 5)- Maple Ridge will review the issues concerning flooding of land resources and will consider developing or revising regulations and guidelines for development (OCP Chapter 5) River Flooding & Coastal Flooding & Erosion Environment Trails & forested areas Increased loss of trees and other vegetation and damage to soil surrounding trees in addition to increased salinity negatively impacting forest ecosystems and tree growth - Forested areas and trails in low-lying areas in proximity to the Fraser River- Trails and forested areas in North-Western Maple Ridge in the North and South Alouette River coastal floodplains (mapping results)- Fraser river waterfront 1 3 4 4 Environmental Damage Trees and other forest vegetation may be damaged or killed due to soil erosion ,waterlogging of soils, and debris flow disrupting natural habitats and potentially causing species death and die-back. Low Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance ecosystems, sensitive areas and other natural features including requiring impact assessments in certain areas, limiting activities that contribute to soil erosion, and encouraging the use of native plants and nature scaping (OCP Chapter 5)- Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance water resources, including continuing to apply adaptive protection measures and the guidelines and protecting significant municipal watercourses (OCP Chapter 5) River Floodi Coastal Flooding & Erosion Environment Ecological systems & sensitive habitat Damage to riparian, aquatic, and other habitats in floodplain areas due to loss of plants and soil. Reduced protection of sensitive ecosystems by intertidal ecosystems due to rising water levels - Habitats in floodplains- Fraser river waterfront- Habitats surrounding Kanaka Creek (mapping results)- Ecosystems and habitats in North-Western Maple Ridge along the North and South Alouette Rivers (mapping results) - Blaney bog reserve (mapping results) 1 3 4 4 Environmental Damage Habitats may be damaged or destroyed disrupting natural habitats and causing loss of species. Will recover naturally, but in time Low Risk High Risk High Risk - Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance ecosystems, sensitive areas and other natural features including requiring impact assessments in certain areas, limiting activities that contribute to soil erosion, and encouraging the use of native plants and nature scaping (OCP Chapter 5)- Maple Ridge will review the issues concerning flooding of land resources and will consider developing or revising regulations and guidelines for development (OCP Chapter 5) Extreme Wind & Storms Economic Municipal Buildings Damage to municipal buildings (e.g., roofs, exterior cladding, windows, doors) increasing repair or replacement costs - Older municipal buildings - Municipal buildings in more exposed locations such as hilltops or in locations less covered by trees and other wind barriers 1 2 3 3 Damage to Assets or Property Damage to municipal building envelopes requiring repair or replacement.Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk (Water) Damage to water distribution infrastructure due to high winds and falling debris leading to disruptions to water services and increased costs for repair - Above ground water-related infrastructure 1 2 3 3 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Water infrastructure could be damaged, requiring repairs and resulting in reduced level or service or temporary disruptions. Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk (Stormwater) Increased blockages of stormwater systems due to debris increasing flooding and potential damage - Storm drains- Streets, sidewalks and other areas surrounding storm drains 1 2 3 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Stormwater drains could be blocked due to fallen debris increasing risk of localized flooding. Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk (Wastewater) Damage to above ground wastewater infrastructure resulting in leaks, ruptures, or spills and contamination of surrounding water bodies - Above ground wastewater infrastructure 1 2 3 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property, Environmental Damage Wastewater infrastructure could be damaged, resulting in leaks or ruptures that could cause contamination of surrounding natural area and potential service disruptions. Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk Extreme Wind & Storms Economic Water/Wastewater/Sewers Page 57 of 63 Extreme Wind & Storms Economic Roads and Bridges Increased blockage of roads due to windthrow limiting mobility - Roads surrounded by trees (e.g., roads across northern and western Maple Ridge)1 2 3 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Roads or bridges could be closed due to blockage from fallen trees or other debris limiting mobility (in and out of communities, emergency service routes, public transportation routes). Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk - Maple Ridge identified new roadway connections to create network redundancy (Strategic Transportation Plan) Extreme Wind & Storms Economic Parks and Sports Fields Damage to parks and sports fields due to increased treefall and debris from windstorms leading to disruptions in recreational activities and increased maintenance or repair costs - Parks and sports fields surrounded by or containing many trees- Park maintenance staff- Parks and sports fields in Golden Ears, Silver Valley, Blue Mountain, Allco, Thornhill as these areas have high tree canopy cover (mapping) 1 2 3 2 Damage to Assets or Property, Environmental Damage Parks or sports fields may be damaged or unsafe for use due to fallen trees and other debris requiring additional maintenance or repair. Very Low Risk Low Risk Medium Risk Extreme Wind & Storms Economic Land Use and Growth Management Increased requests for mature tree removal in areas of growth and development due to increased concern about tree fall during storms - Mature trees in new development areas (e.g., in Silver Valley)1 2 3 3 Environmental Damage Natural assets (urban forest) may be damaged leading to loss of functionality, and changes to natural habitats over time. Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk Extreme Wind & Storms Economic Third Party Regional Infrastructure (power, telecom, transportation, institutional, railway, contaminated Damage to power and telecom lines and increased blockage of rail lines due to falling trees - Power and telecommunication lines in proximity to many trees (e.g, across northern and western Maple Ridge)- Access to backup power - Loss of power for extended periods of time (survey)1 2 3 5 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Power or telecommunication lines could be snapped or damaged, disrupting community services for more prolonged periods. Railway tracks or train stations could be damaged or blocked by fallen trees or other debris disrupting services. Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk River Extreme Wind & Storms Economic Private property (Part 9 & Part 3 residential, social housing) Damage to homes, lawns, and gardens due to falling trees and other debris leading to increased maintenance, repair or replacement costs and potential evacuation or relocation of residents - Properties surrounded by trees (e.g., across northern and western Maple Ridge)- Properties located in areas of highest winds - Major damage to a family rental home due to a falling tree during a powerful windstorm (UFMS)1 2 3 4 Damage to Assets or Property Homes, lawns, gardens or other landscaping could be damaged by fallen trees or other debris, requiring costly repairs. Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk River Floo Extreme Wind & Storms Economic Business losses & employment disruption in key sectors (e.g. agriculture, industrial, commercial) Damage to businesses due to windthrow and power outages causing disruptions to productivity or potential closures. Damage to crops reducing crop yield and overall agricultural productivity. Disruptions to the film industry. - Businesses without access to backup power- Agricultural crops- Businesses in highly treed areas (Staff AC Input)- People delivering or procuring items for businesses (Staff AC Input)- Film industry (Staff AC Input) 1 2 3 4 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Commercial buildings could be damaged due to fallen trees or other debris, requiring costly repairs and resulting in business disruptions or closures. Agricultural crops could be damaged, reducing agricultural productivity. Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk River Flo Extreme Wind & Storms Social & Cultural Mental & physical health Increased physical injuries due to flying debris and blockage of transportation pathways. Increased power outages leading to loss of refrigerated medications and food. - People commuting outdoors (walking, biking)- People with mobility challenges- People that rely on refrigerated medications 1 2 3 4 Human Health and Safety, Critical Service Disruption People may have increased opportunity for injury due to flying debris, and blockage of transportation pathways, especially people with existing mobility challenges. Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk - Voyent Alert quick notification system (Staff AC Input) River Floo Extreme Wind & Storms Social & Cultural Cultural practices & traditional foods Damage to historical and cultural artifacts and buildings due to high winds. Reduced access to cultural sites due to blockage or damage - People accessing or working at cultural sites- Historical and cultural artifacts in older buildings or buildings exposed to stronger winds 1 2 3 4 Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property Cultural sites may be damaged reducing access to safe spaces or required materials for performing culturally significant practices. People may also have reduced ability to access cultural sites due blockage of roads or other pathways. Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk Rive r Fl Extreme Wind & Storms Social & Cultural Impacts to wellbeing (social, recreation, etc.) Disruptions to outdoor recreational activities due to unsafe conditions caused by high winds, debris, or damage to recreational areas impacting physical and mental health - Participants in outdoor recreational activities- Recreational facility management staff 1 2 3 2 Human Health and Safety People may have limited access to recreational activities or social gatherings due to damage or unsafe conditions impacting mental and physical health. Very Low Risk Low Risk Medium Risk Extreme Wind & Storms Environment Natural assets (wetlands, vegetated banks, watercourses, urban canopy) Increased damage to wetland vegetation and erosion reducing bank stability and tree fall and increasing sediment in water bodies that can harm aquatic species. Damage to urban canopy including broken branches and uprooted trees, reducing benefits such as temperature regulation, air quality improvement, and habitats for urban species - Riparian plant species- Aquatic species 1 2 3 3 Environmental Damage, Damage to Assets or Property Natural assets (wetlands, stream banks, riparian zones, urban canopy) may be damaged or destroyed leading to loss of functionality and disruption of natural habitats. Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk - Maple Ridge developed a set of action areas surrounding green infrastructure including creating an inventory of the City's natural assets, supporting green development and neighbourhoods, establishing green scaping standards, and building awareness within the City (Green Infrastructure Management Strategy)Riv er Fl Extreme Wind & Storms Environment Trails & forested areas Increased tree fall and significant debris in forested areas reducing accessibility of the areas, increasing maintenance costs, and increasing fuel for wildfires - Trails and forested areas exposed to strong winds- Interface areas (high-use trails, neighbourhoods adjacent to forest stands)- Trails in Golden Ears, Silver Valley, Blue Mountain, Allco, Thornhill as these areas have high tree canopy cover (mapping) - Increased wood debris providing cover for small mammals, reptiles, and insects. Increased open areas allowing for understory and species regeneration and nurse stumps/logs for other tree regeneration and shrub growth 1 2 3 2 Environmental Damage Trees and other forest vegetation may be damaged due to falling trees and other debris disrupting natural habitats temporarily. Very Low Risk Low Risk Medium Risk '- Maple Ridge to develop a Recreation Trails Strategy to explore trail specific needs and strategies and establish a Trails Committee (Parks Recreation and Culture Master Plan) Rive r F Extreme Wind & Storms Environment Ecological systems & sensitive habitat Increased altered soil conditions and destruction of habitats due to high winds and debris potentially leading to long-term ecosystem changes - Ecosystems exposed to strong winds- Riparian ecosystems 1 2 3 2 Environmental Damage Habitats may be damaged and disrupted by debris or falling trees, but are likely to recover. Very Low Risk Low Risk Medium Risk - Maple Ridge identified policies to protect and enhance ecosystems, sensitive areas and other natural features including requiring impact assessments in certain areas, limiting activities that contribute to soil erosion, and encouraging the use of native plants and nature scaping (OCP Chapter 5) Changing Ice & Snow Economic Municipal Buildings Increased loads on municipal buildings due to increased snow loads and rain-on-snow loads. Damage to municipal building envelopes (e.g., roofs, exterior cladding, windows, or doors) due to more frequent freeze-thaw cycles increasing repair and maintenance costs, and creating uncomfortable conditions indoors - Older municipal buildings- Buildings in areas historically receiving more snow or rain-on-snow 3 2 1 1 Damage to Assets or Property Municipal buildings may become damaged over time under repeated increased loading due to snow or rain-on-snow events. Low Risk Very Low Risk Very Low Risk (Water) Increased damage to distribution pipes due to more freeze-thaw cycles causing cracking and leaks, increasing maintenance and repair costs - Sections of pipe above the frostline- Older pipes 3 2 1 2 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Water distribution pipes may deteriorate faster due to increased freeze-thaw cycles, requiring more frequent maintenance or repair due to cracking or leakage. Medium Risk Low Risk Very Low Risk (Stormwater) Increased runoff during rain-on-snow events straining stormwater systems, leading to potential flooding - Stormwater systems 3 2 1 2 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Stormwater system capacity may be surpassed due to increased run-off, increasing opportunity for localized flooding. Runoff volumes likely less than from flooding events. Medium Risk Low Risk Very Low RiskWater/Wastewater/SewersEconomicChanging Ice & Snow Page 58 of 63 (Wastewater) Increased cracking of pipes and other infrastructure causing leaks and increasing repair and maintenance costs - Pipes, manholes, pump stations- Older pipes 3 2 1 2 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Wastewater pipes, manholes, and other infrastructure may require more frequent maintenance or repair due to cracking or leakage due to increased freeze-thaw cycles. Medium Risk Low Risk Very Low Risk Changing Ice & Snow Economic Roads and Bridges Damage to roads and bridges due to increased freeze-thaw cycles that exacerbate cracks and other defects due to freezing and thawing of water inside them, leading to increased maintenance and repair costs - Older roads and bridges with existing cracks and other defects 3 2 1 1 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Roads and bridges may require more frequent maintenance or repair due to increased exposure to freeze-thaw cycles exacerbating existing cracks or defects. Low Risk Very Low Risk Very Low Risk Changing Ice & Snow Economic Parks and Sports Fields Damage to sports field surfaces and soil in parks due to increased freeze-thaw cycles causing cracks and leading to soil heaving and compaction which can negatively impact plant species - Older sports fields- Vegetation not adapted to endure repeated freeze-thaw cycles 3 2 1 2 Damage to Assets or Property, Critical Service Disruption Soils and field surfaces may be damaged due to soil heaving and compaction, requiring repair and disrupting recreational activities. Medium Risk Low Risk Very Low Risk Changing Ice & Snow Economic Land Use and Growth Management Reduced areas suitable for agricultural use, reducing agricultural productivity and yield - Areas with soils more susceptible to freeze-thaw effects- Areas with longer snow seasons 3 2 1 1 Damage to Assets or Property Lands for agricultural use may be limited due to reduced productivity and crop yield.Low Risk Very Low Risk Very Low Risk Changing Ice & Snow Economic Third Party Regional Infrastructure (power, telecom, transportation, institutional, Increased damage to power and telecommunication lines due to increased snow or rain-on-snow loads causing potential snapping of lines leading to service interruptions and increased maintenance and repair costs. Increased snow can block transportation routes or YPK airport, leading to service delays. - Power and telecommunication lines- Transportation routes in areas of high snowfall- YPK airport 3 2 1 3 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Power and telecommunication lines may become damaged or snap more frequently due to increased loads being applied to them, resulting in more repairs and potential disruptions to services. Medium RiskMedium Risk Low Risk River Fl Changing Ice & Snow Economic Private property (Part 9 & Part 3 residential, social housing) Increased loads on homes due to increased snow loads and rain-on-snow loads. Damage to home envelopes (e.g., roofs, exterior cladding, windows, or doors) due to more frequent freeze-thaw cycles increasing repair and maintenance costs, and creating uncomfortable conditions indoors - Older homes- Homes in areas of high snowfall - Electric heating in townhomes was inadequate to keep residents warm (survey)- Increased costs of heating homes during cold winters (survey) 3 2 1 2 Damage to Assets or Property, Human Health and Safety Homes may become damaged over time under repeated increased loading due to snow or rain-on-snow events, leading to more repairs and uncomfortable indoor conditions. Medium Risk Low Risk Very Low Risk River Floodi Changing Ice & Snow Economic Business losses & employment disruption in key sectors (e.g. agriculture, industrial, commercial) Reduced ability for employees to commute to work due to snowy or icy road conditions. Reduced ability for customers to access business storefronts. Damage to commercial buildings due to increased loads and freeze-thaw cycle frequency increasing repair and maintenance costs and potentially leading to business interruptions or closures. Damage to agricultural crops due to increased snow, rain-on-snow, or freeze-thaw cycles reducing crop yields - Agricultural sector, crops- Businesses in older buildings or areas of high snow 3 2 1 2 Critical Service Disruption, Damage to Assets or Property Commercial buildings may become damaged over time under repeated increased loading or freeze-thaw cycles leading to more repairs potential business disruptions. Agricultural crops may be damaged or die-off due to lower temperatures or increased snow, rain-on-snow, or freeze-thaw. Medium Risk Low Risk Very Low Risk Changing Ice & Snow Social & Cultural Mental & physical health Reduced mobility due to snowy, icy or cold conditions preventing people from safely leaving their homes - People with mobility challenges 3 2 1 3 Human Health and Safety People may have reduced mobility due to snowy or icy conditions outdoors making it difficult for them to leave the house. Medium RiskMedium Risk Low Risk Changing Ice & Snow Social & Cultural Cultural practices & traditional foods Increased die-off of traditional foods due to increased snow and freeze-thaw cycles limiting their availability for use in cultural practices and ceremonies. Reduced ability to access culturally significant areas to perform practices and ceremonies due to snowy or icy conditions - Traditional foods not adapted to withstand increased snow or rain-on-snow loads or repeated freeze-thaw cycles 3 2 1 2 Human Health and Safety, Damage to Assets or Property People may have reduced access to traditional plants for performing culturally significant practices. Vegetation and landscaping may experience increased die-off impacting site aesthetics, requiring additional maintenance, and impacting mental health. Medium Risk Low Risk Very Low Risk Changing Ice & Snow Social & Cultural Impacts to wellbeing (social, recreation, etc.) Increased disruptions to outdoor recreation due unsafe conditions caused by snow or rain-on-snow events impacting mental and physical wellbeing. Reduced ability to access community gatherings and events reducing social cohesion and increasing isolation - People participating in recreational activities outdoors- People living alone 3 2 1 2 Human Health and Safety Outdoor recreational activities may be unsafe due to snowy or icy conditions, impacting mental and physical health. People may have difficulties accessing community gatherings due to snowy or icy conditions impacting mobility. Medium Risk Low Risk Very Low Risk Changing Ice & Snow Environment Natural assets (wetlands, vegetated banks, watercourses, urban canopy) Increased die-off of plant species unable to withstand increased snow or rain-on-snow loads or more frequent freeze-thaw cycles damaging wetlands and vegetated banks, leading to changes in watercourses. Increased changes in ice-on and ice-off dates for waterbodies leading to profound impacts on waterbody dynamics and algal populations - Plant species susceptible to repeated freeze-thaw cycles- Plant species unable to support increased loads - Waterbodies at higher elevations 3 2 1 3 Environmental Damage Natural assets wetlands, shoreline vegetation) may experience damage or loss of plant species leading to loss of functionality, and changes to natural habitats over time. Medium RiskMedium Risk Low Risk - Maple Ridge developed a set of action areas surrounding green infrastructure including creating an inventory of the City's natural assets, supporting green development and neighbourhoods, establishing green scaping standards, and building awareness within the City (Green Infrastructure Management Strategy) Changing Ice & Snow Environment Trails & forested areas Increased die-off of plant species unable to withstand increased snow or rain-on-snow loads or more frequent freeze-thaw cycles resulting in increased maintenance and increased fuel for wildfires - Plant species susceptible to repeated freeze-thaw cycles- Plant species unable to support increased loads- Interface areas (high-use trails, neighbourhoods adjacent to forest stands) 3 2 1 3 Environmental Damage Tree species may experience increased die-back leading to lasting changes over time.Medium RiskMedium Risk Low Risk - Maple Ridge to develop a Recreation Trails Strategy to explore trail specific needs and strategies and establish a Trails Committee (Parks Recreation and Culture Master Plan) Changing Ice & Snow Environment Ecological systems & sensitive habitat Damage to ecological systems and habitats due to increased snow and rain-on-snow loads damaging vegetation, and freeze-thaw cycles impacting soil quality and stability, leading to loss of habitats, decreased biodiversity and changing ecosystems - Plant species susceptible to repeated freeze-thaw cycles- Plant species unable to support increased loads 3 2 1 3 Environmental Damage Habitats may experience gradual change over time due to species change.Medium RiskMedium Risk Low Risk Water/Wastewater/SewersEconomicChanging Ice & Snow Page 59 of 63 October 22, 2024 - Council Workshop Page 1 of 1 Customer Experience Strategy Recommendation: THAT the Customer Experience Strategy report dated October 22, 2024, be received for information. Report Purpose and Summary Statement: The purpose of this report is to provide Council with an overview of the Customer Experience Strategy that is currently in development. Additionally, staff and the consultant are seeking input from Council on the direction of customer experience culture at the City of Maple Ridge. Previous Council Action: October 10, 2023 - Council approved a Key Result for the development of a Customer Experience Strategy. Financial Impact: The project is being funded through budget request approved by Council in the 2024-2028 Financial Plan. No additional funds are being requested as a result of this report. Funding Source: The project is funded through the 2024-2028 Financial Plan. Strategic Alignment: Governance & Corporate Excellence Climate Impact: There is no direct climate impact as a result of this report. Communications: Engagement with internal and external interest-holders is in progress as part of the development of the Customer Experience Strategy. Applicable Legislation/ Bylaw/Policy: The work is being informed by Customer Service Policy - 5.32 and Quality Service Program Policy - 5.33. Page 60 of 63 October 22, 2024- Council Workshop Page 1 of 3 To: Mayor and Council File number: [01-0685-30] Customer Experience Strategy BACKGROUND: Approved a key result under the strategic priority of Governance & Corporate Excellence for the development of a customer experience strategy and evaluation program. Funding was allocated in the 2024 - 2028 Financial Plan to advance the project. ANALYSIS: Project Description: The purpose of the Customer Experience Strategy is to bring consistency to how the service areas across the City of Maple Ridge deliver customer service. Objectives of the strategy include:  Identifying customer expectations and areas of improvement for key public facing city service areas such as Development Services and Parks, Recreation & Culture.  Aligning customer experience improvement goals with the City's strategic business objectives and ongoing projects.  Analyzing existing customer feedback and interaction data to identify trends and opportunities.  Developing corporate standards, guidelines, and procedures to ensure a consistent and high- quality customer experience.  Development of an implementation road map that includes key milestones and responsibilities for the strategy.  Development and dissemination of training materials for staff at all levels of the organization to support the adoption of new standards and practices.  Establishing performance measures and feedback mechanisms to monitor progress and adapt strategies. The project launched in August 2024, with an internal project team consisting of representatives from across the City of Maple Ridge. To date, the project team has completed an internal document review and an internal employee survey. Staff are currently proceeding with external engagement with community interest holders such as local businesses, developers, and nonprofits to better understand the external customer experience. Staff are seeking feedback on what Council would like to achieve from the project and secondly, what areas for improvement, related to customer service, should be focused on. Sustainability/Climate Impact: There are no sustainability or climate impacts anticipated as a result of this project. Public Engagement: External interest holders will be engaged throughout the months of October and November. Results from one-on-one interviews with representatives from key City customer and partner agencies will be factored into the development of the overall strategy and tactics for public-facing service areas of the City. Page 61 of 63 October 22, 2024 - Council Workshop Page 2 of 3 Strategic Alignment: The project aligns with the approved Key Results (KRs) to “Deliver an exceptional customer experience across City services”, under the strategic priority of Governance & Corporate Excellence. The KRs are:  KR1 - Develop and implement a strategy, including standards and principles, to provide exceptional customer experiences.  KR2 - Develop an evaluation framework for ongoing customer experience assessment. Though at the conclusion of the project both Key Results under the priority will be complete, it is anticipated that additional Key Results will be identified during the development of the performance monitoring framework. Updated Key Results will be considered by the Governance & Corporate Excellence Strategic Priority Oversight Team at the conclusion of the project. Applicable Legislation/Bylaw/Policy: It is anticipated that revisions to both policy 5.32 and 5.33 will be required as part of the implementation plan of the Customer Experience Strategy. Council will be informed of changes during the development of the policy revisions. CONCLUSION: Staff are seeking general input from Council as to the type of customer experience being envisioned . Dan Olivieri Prepared by: Dan Olivieri Manager of Corporate Planning & Consultation Page 62 of 63 October 22, 2024 - Council Workshop Page 3 of 3 Report Approval Details Document Title: Customer Experience Strategy.docx Attachments: Final Approval Date: Oct 15, 2024 This report and all of its attachments were approved and signed as outlined below: Zvi Lifshiz, Director Strategic Development, Communications & Public Engagement Scott Hartman, Chief Administrative Officer Page 63 of 63